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A&P 3 > A&P 3.6 Lymphatic vessels & disorders > Flashcards

A&P 3.6 Lymphatic vessels & disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Occipitofrontalis

A, I , O

A

Superior attachment: galea aponeurotica

Inferior attachment: frontalis - skin over eyebrows
Occipitalis- superior nuchal line of the occiput

Action - frontalis - raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead
Occipitalis - anchors and retracts the galea posteriorly

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2
Q

Galea aponeurotica

A

Sheet like tissue over top of skull

Connects frontalis to occipitalis

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3
Q

Hypothenar muscles

3

A

Abductor digiti minimi - superficial
Flexor digiti minimi brevis - medial
Opponens digiti minimi - deep

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4
Q

Hypothernar eminence

A

Ulnar side of the palm
Formed by three muscles
Opposite side of the thenar

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5
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A, I, o

A

Action - abducts the little finger (5th finger) at the MP joint, assists in opposition of the 5th finger towards the thumb
Proximal attachment -Pisiform, hamate and flexor retinaculum
Insertion - base of proximal phalange of 5th finger

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6
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A, I, o

A

Action - Flexes small short finger (5th finger) at the MP joint, assists in opposition of the 5th finger toward the joint
Proximal attachment -Pisiform, hamate and flexor retinaculum
Insertion - base of proximal phalange of 5th finger

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7
Q

Opponens digiti minimi

A

Action - Opposes 5th finger at the CM joint

Proximal attachment -Pisiform, hamate and flexor retinaculum

Insertion - shaft of the 5th metacarpal

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8
Q

All three have same proximal attachment

A

Pisiform, hamate and flexor retinaculum

2 most anteromedial metacarpals

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9
Q

Lymphatic system functions

A

Interact with cardiovascular system and digestive system

1 - immune response made of lymphocytes - T&B cells
2 - drain excess interstitial fluid
3 - transports lipids and lipid soluble vitamins ( A, D, E, K) from GI system to blood

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10
Q

Leukocytes

A

A type of lymphocyte and are created in red bone marrow in epiphysis in adults

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11
Q

Components

4

A

Lymph vessels
Lymph nodes
Fluid - lymph
Lymphatic structures

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12
Q

Lymph vessels

A

Capillaries to vessels to ducts

2 ducts- right and left

Right is the lymphatic duct
Left is the thoracic duct

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13
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Encapsulated tissue along the lymph vessels

Lymph NODULES are not encapsulated

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14
Q

Fluid

A

Lymph

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15
Q

Lymphatic structures

A

Primary and secondary structures

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16
Q

Lymphatic system is a one way system due to

A

Overlapping cell walls

Regulated by pressure gradients

17
Q

Lymph flow

A

Plasma leaves capillaries and becomes extracellular fluid (interstitial), most goes back two capillaries and becomes plasma again. Remaining fluid not used by cells goes into a lymphatic capillary and becomes lymph where it is eventually reintroduced back to the cardiovascular system.

18
Q

Lymph flow sequence

A 
Blood capillaries - plasma
Interstitial space - interstitial fluid
Lymphatic capillaries - 10% - lymph
Lymphatic vessels and nodes - lymph
Lymphatic ducts - lymph
Subclavian veins - plasma
19
Q

Organs versus tissues in the lymphatic system

A

An organ in the lymphatic system must be encapsulated or it is a tissue

20
Q

Lymphatic organs and tissue

Primary 2

A

Red bone marrow
Thymus gland

WHERE LYMPHOCYTES ARE MADE AND GROW TO MATURITY

21
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Primary lymphatic structure
White blood cells created here including
- lymphocytes - B cells ready for action
- T cells - go through thymus gland

BONE MARROW IS AN ORGAN

RED BONE MARROW IN FLAT BONES AND EPSYSIS in long bones

22
Q

Thymus gland

A

Primary lymphatic structure
Located between the sternum and the aorta
Where immature T cells become mature T cells (only 2% survive)
Job of T cells is to be appropriately aggressive
Large in infants and become small as adult (atrophies with age)

23
Q

Secondary lymphatic organs and tissues

3

A

Lymph nodes
Tonsils
Spleen

WHERE MOST IMMUNE RESPONSES OCCUR

24
Q

Lymph nodes

A

FILTERS LYMPH
Located along lymphatic vessels
Encapsulated - surrounded by dense connective tissue)
Inside a network of reticular fibers - weblike with T & B cells

LYMPH NODES ARE AN ORGAN

25
Q

Tonsils

A 
Not encapsulated tissue
5 different tonsils
Also known as nodules
NOT AN ORGAN
2 - palantine
2 - pharyngeal
1 - lingual
26
Q

Palantine tonsil

A

2 of them
Located on either side of the throat
Usually removed in a tonsillectomy

27
Q

Pharyngeal tonsils

A

Adenoids

Near the posterior opening of the nasal cavity

28
Q

Lingual tonsils

A

Single

Near base of the tongue

29
Q

Afferent versus efferent lymphatic vessels

A

Afferent in to lymph node

Efferent out of the lymph node

30
Q

Secondary lymphatic tissues/ organs

Spleen

A

Largest mass of lymphatic tissue
Located in the left upper quadrant between stomach and diaphragm
Dense connective tissue, most often injured in abdominal trauma
Two types of tissue: WHITE AND RED PULP/TISSUE

31
Q

Spleen

White pulp

A 
Lymphatic tissue 
Contains lymphocytes (T&B cells) and MACROPHAGES
32
Q

Macrophages

A

Large eaters

White blood cells that eat antigens

33
Q

Red pulp

A

Venous sinuses (direct contact with blood)
Removal of worn out blood cells
Storage of blood cells (platelets) - 1/3 of bodies supply
Fetal red blood cell production
Stores iron (along with bone marrow and liver)

34
Q

Disorders of the lymphatic system

4

A

Lymphedema
Lymphangitis
Lymphoma
Tonsillitis

35
Q

Lympodema

A

Blockage of lymph flow causing edema (pitting edema)

Massage do not touch pitting edema
Doctor’s note for non pitting edema

36
Q

Lymphangitis

A

Inflammation of lymph vessels, painful red streaking
Do not massage if you have skin trouble (hang nails) it’s a location where bacteria can get in and cause the therapist dangerous infection

37
Q

Lymphoma

A

Tumor of the lymph nodes
2 categories
Hodgkins and non-hodgkins

38
Q

Tonsillitis

A

Acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils

CONTRAINDICATED WHEN ACUTE FOR MASSAGE

A&P 3 (18 decks)

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