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A&P 3 > A&P 3.7 Red Blood Cells > Flashcards

A&P 3.7 Red Blood Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Popliteus

A, O, I

A

Origin: lateral condyle of the femur

Insertion: posterior proximal tibia - above soleal line

Action: unlocks knee to permit flexion

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2
Q

Deepest muscle of the posterior knee

A

Popliteus

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3
Q

Plantaris

A, I, o

A

Sole of the foot

Origin: lateral super condylar ridge of the femur

Insertion: via a long tendon that attaches to the medial Achilles’ tendon and deep fascia of the ankle

Action: assists in plantar flexion of ankle

Runs oblique from lateral to medial

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4
Q

Longest tendon in the body

A

Plantaris

Short muscle belly but longest tendon in the body

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5
Q

Blood fluid

Whole blood

A

55% plasma - matrix
45% formed elements - red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Men have 5-6 liters
Women have 4-5 liters

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6
Q

Blood formed elements include

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

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7
Q

Functions of blood

A

Transportation - of carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients and waste by PLASMA, OXYGEN BY RED BLOOD CELLS

Regulation- homeostasis- water balance of all cells and temperature regulation

Protection - blood clotting by platelets, defense by white blood cells

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8
Q

Blood plasma

Contents

A

Makes up 55% of whole blood
It is a matrix of connective tissue
91% is water
9% is solutes

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9
Q

Solutes

A

Particles dissolved or suspended in water

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10
Q

Formed elements

3

A

Red blood cells - erythrocytes - whole cells, no nucleus

White blood cells - Leukocytes - whole cells with a nucleus

Platelets - thrombocytes - cell fragments, no nucleus

99% of formed elements are red blood cells

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11
Q

Hematocrit

A

Is the volume percentage of red blood cells

Average for men is 45%, women is 42 %

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12
Q

Amenia

Defined

A

Conditions that result in decreased red blood cells are called anemia

Characterized by a decreased hematocrit value

Adults with less than 10 grams of hemoglobin per 100ml of blood is diagnosed as having anemia

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13
Q

Hematopoiesis

Defined

A

The process of creating formed elements that occur in red bone marrow

Caused by pluripotent stem cells

Also known as hemopoiesis.

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14
Q

Formed elements come from

A

Pluripotent stem cells

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15
Q

Red blood cells

General

A

Live about 120 days
Hemoglobin is primary component
Main job is to carry oxygen through the body due to binding of hemoglobin with oxygen
Biconcave - loses it’s nucleus and caves in the middle
Most numerous of formed elements - 99%

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16
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Pigment that causes blood to appear red

17
Q

Biconcave

A

Red blood cell loses it’s nucleus and caves in the middle

18
Q

Hematopoesis

A

Another name for hemopoiesis

19
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Within each red blood cell are 200-300 million molecules of hemoglobin
One hemoglobin molecule contains four iron (Fe) atoms
Anemias are classified according to she size and hemoglobin content of red blood cells
An adult with less than 10g of hemoglobin per 100ml of blood is diagnosed as having anemia

20
Q

Destruction of red blood cells

A 
Often break apart or fragment in the capillaries as they age
Macrophage cells (type of white blood cell) in the lining of the vessels, liver and spleen phagocytose (ingest and destroy) the aged, abnormal or fragmented red blood cells
Leading to the breakdown of hemoglobin with a release of amino acids, iron and the pigment bilirubin
21
Q

Macrophage

A

Type of white blood cell

22
Q

Phagocytose

A

Ingestion and destruction of cells

23
Q

Breakdown of hemoglobin releases

A

Amino acids
Iron
Pigment bilirubin

24
Q

Red blood destruction becomes

3 things

EXTRA?

A

Glubin - amino acids
Heme - becomes iron and transferrin
Biliverdin

25
Q

Destruction of red blood cells continued

A

Iron is returned to bone marrow for synthesis of new hemoglobin and bilirubin is transported to the liver then excreted into the intestines as part of bile

Amino acids that are released are used by the body for energy or synthesis of new proteins

26
Q

Blood disorders

A

Polycythemia

Anemia

27
Q

Polycythemia

A

Too many red blood cells

Blood is thick and cannot flow well

28
Q

Anemia

A

Shortage of red blood cells, hemoglobin or both
Pallor, shortness of breath, fatigue, poor resistance to cold
Idiopathic anemia or nutritional deficiency anemia are ok to massage
Bone marrow suppression (cancer), chronic disease/inflammation, or premature red blood cells destruction – rigorous massage may be contraindicated
Energy work more appropriate

29
Q

Massage contraindicated anemias

A 
Aplastic anemia - destruction of red blood cells - contraindicated
Acute blood loss anemia
Hemolytic anemia (breakage)
- sickle cell - African/Latino 
- thalassemia - Mediterranean
30
Q

Anemia ok to massage

A

Iron deficiency anemia

Pernicious anemia - vitamin B12 not absorbed

A&P 3 (18 decks)

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