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A&P 3 > A&P 3.14 digestive physiology > Flashcards

A&P 3.14 digestive physiology Flashcards

0
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Origin: medial, anterior distal 1/4th surface of the ulna

Insertion: lateral, anterior distal 1/4th of radius

Action: pronate forearm

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1
Q

Pronation teres

A, I, O

A

Origin: common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of ulna

Insertion: middle of lateral surface of radius

Action: pronate forearm, assists elbow flexion

MATCHED TO SUPINATOR IN SIZE AND OPPOSING ACTION

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2
Q

Radioulnar joint

A

Between radius and ulna at the tuberosities

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3
Q

Medial to lateral forearm muscles

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi radialis
Pronation teres

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4
Q

Digestive process

Overview

A

Brings essential nutrients into the internal environment so they are available to every cell in the body

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5
Q

Ingestion

A

Liquids and food taken in

Eating

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6
Q

Secretion

A

Water, acids, buffers, enzymes

Assist in both chemical and physical digestion of food

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7
Q

Motility

A

Movement of the GI tract

Physically breaks down and moves contents

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8
Q

Digestion

A

Complex nutrients broken down into simpler nutrients

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9
Q

Absorption

A

Movement of nutrients through the GI mucosa into the internal environment

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10
Q

Elimination

A

Excretion of material not absorbed

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11
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Mastication
Deglutition
Peristalsis
Segmentation

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12
Q

Mastication

A

Mixes food with saliva

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13
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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14
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wavelike ripples of the muscle layers

What moves the food downward

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15
Q

Segmentation

A

Mixing movements within digestive tract but more about mixing it up than moving

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16
Q

Chemical digestion

6 main types of chemical substances

A 
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats (lipids)
Water
Vitamins
Minerals
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17
Q

Chemical substances that need chemical digestion prior to absorption

A

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats

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18
Q

Enzymes

A

Organic catalysts
Proteins that accelerate chemical reactions without showing up in the final product
Very specific in action - key-in-lock

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19
Q

Enzymes

3 types

A

Amalyse
Pro teases
Lipase a

20
Q

Amylase

A

Breaks down carbohydrates to glucose

Found in saliva, pancreatic juice and lining of small intestine

21
Q

Proteases

A

Break down proteins to amino acids

Found in gastric juices, pancreatic juice and lining of small intestine

22
Q

Lipases

A

Break down lipids to fatty acids and glycerol

Pancreatic juice

23
Q

Digestive secretion

A

Release of various substances from exocrine glands

Includes: saliva, gastric juice, bile and intestinal juice

24
Q

Control of digestive gland secretion

A

When food is seen, smelled, thought or heard
The brain activates digestive secretion in the mouth and stomach
Food itself in the stomach and small intestines activate other secretory pathways

25
Q

Absorption

A

Passage of substances through the intestinal mucosa into the blood and lymph
Fats pass into the lymphatic system and are absorbed, all other nutrients are absorbed by cardiovascular capillaries

26
Q

Elimination

A

Expulsion of the residue of digestion

Feces

27
Q

Defication

A

The process of removing feces

28
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Umbrella term for stomach and GI inflammation

29
Q

Anorexia

A

Having to appetite

Versus anorexia nervosa - mental issues with weight control

30
Q

Nausea

A

Non-specific symptom of uneasiness in the stomach

31
Q

Emisis

A

Vomiting

32
Q

Diarrhea

A

Having loose or liquid bowel movements

More then 3 per day

33
Q

Constipation

A

Infrequent or hard to pass bowel movements

34
Q

Ulcer

A

H pylori
Bacterial
Loss of the lining, an open wound

35
Q

Stomach cancer

A

Gastric cancer

36
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Out poaching of the intestional wall

37
Q

Colitis

A

Inflammation of the colon

38
Q

Malabsorption

A

Inability to absorb nutrients

39
Q

IBS

A

Irritable bowel disease

Umbrella term for irritable bowel movement

40
Q

Hepatitis

A

A, b, c, d, e

Viral, either fecal, oral, blood born

41
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

42
Q

Celiac

A

Can’t digest gluten

Constipation or diarrhea

43
Q

Crohns

A

Auto-immune

44
Q

Bolus

A

Ball of food and saliva

45
Q

Chyme

A

Bonus with gastric juices

Transitions from bolus to chyme at the stomach

46
Q

Feces

A

Solid waste

Transition from chyme to feces at large intestine

47
Q

Turn chart into cards

A

.

A&P 3 (18 decks)

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