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RT 211 > 9.2 The Digestive System > Flashcards

9.2 The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

is a hollow tube that extends from the tail through the body and head to join the common bile duct

A

Pancreatic duct (Duct of Wirsung)

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2
Q

a mixture of digestive enzymes, is secreted by the pancreatic lobules and passes through the pancreatic duct

A

Pancreatic Juice

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3
Q

the pancreas is a dual or mixed gland consisting of an exocrine and an endocrine part

A

Mixed Gland

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4
Q

are nests of cells scattered throughout the pancreas and form the endocrine part

A

Island (Islets of Langerhans)

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5
Q

a hormone that is absorbed directly into blood capillaries

A

Insulin

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6
Q

the largest solid organ in the body, and may weight three pounds

A

Liver

(G) Hepar

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7
Q

is a slit on the inferior surface of the right lobe by which the portal vein, hepatic artery, lymphatics, and nerves enter the liver substance

A

Portal Hepatic (Gate of Liver) or transverse fissure

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8
Q

draining the stomach, intestine, pancreas and spleen enters the liver. It breaks up into smaller branches and these end in sinusoids or minute blood spaces within the liver

A

Portal vein

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9
Q

a branch of the celiac trunk, also enters the liver beside the postal vein

A

Hepatic artery

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10
Q

beginning as minute central veins in each liver lobule, collect blood from the sinusoids and hepatic capillaries, and empty into the inferior vena cava behind the liver

A

Three hepatic veins

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11
Q

Composed of incomplete lobes, a large right, a smaller left, and a small quadrate and caudate lobes

A

Liver

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12
Q

minute bile ducts

A

Canaliculi

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13
Q

hollow pear shaped organ that lies against a depression on the inferior surface of the liver, in the upper right anterior abdomen. It may be from 5 to 10.8 cm or 2 to 4.5 inches in length

A

Gallbladder

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14
Q

collects bile from the lobes of the liver and convey it to the common hepatic duct outside of the liver

A

Right and Left hepatic ducts

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15
Q

formed by the union of the right and left hepatic duct

A

Common hepatic duct

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16
Q

is a hollow tube that passes from the gall bladder to join the common hepatic duct

A

Cystic duct

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17
Q

is formed in upper right posterior abdomen by the union of the common hepatic and cystic duct

A

Common bile duct – choledochus or bile duct

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18
Q

ampulla Vater

A

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

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19
Q

sphincter of Oddi

A

Hepatopancreatic Sphincter

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20
Q

(Arteries) to esophagus and stomach

A

Celiac Trunk

o Left gastric

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21
Q

(Arteries) to pancreas and spleen

A

Celiac Trunk

o Splenic

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22
Q

(Arteries) to liver, GB, pancreas and duodenum

A

Celiac Trunk

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23
Q

(Arteries) small intestine and proximal half of large intestine

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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24
Q

(Arteries) to distal half of large intestine

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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25
Q

(Veins) from the distal half of large intestine, joins the splenic vein

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

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26
Q

(Veins) from proximal half of large intestine and small intestine

A

Superior mesenteric vein

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27
Q

(Veins) from the spleen, pancreas and stomach, also joined by inferior mesenteric vein

A

Splenic vein

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28
Q

(Veins) formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and splenic veins enters the liver and divides into many capillaries (sinusoids). These unite to form the hepatic veins which empties into the inferior vena cava

A

Portal vein

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29
Q

(Veins) from GB, coronary and pyloric veins

A

Cystic vein

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30
Q

hormone secreted by pyloric glands, absorbed by blood, carried to the glands of the body and fundus of the stomach, to stimulate the secretion of gastric juice by these glands

A

Gastrin

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31
Q

hormones secreted by the mucosa of the small intestine, carried by blood to the pancreas and liver

A

Secretin and pancreozymin

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32
Q

hormone secreted by the mucosa of the small intestine and carried by blood to the gall bladder and bile ducts

A

Cholecystokinin

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33
Q

enzyme for starch

A

Salivary amylase or ptyalin

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34
Q

Pepsinogen + hydrochloric acid =

A

pepsin

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35
Q

enzyme for milk

A

Renin

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36
Q

hormone in stomach

A

Gastrin

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37
Q

Vit. B12 absorption

A

Intrinsic factor

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38
Q

a protease enzyme – breaks down proteins

A

Erepsin

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39
Q

enzymes for sugars

A

Sucrase, maltase, lactase

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40
Q

to combine with trypsinogen

A

Enterokinase

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41
Q

release brush-border alkaline phosphatase into the small-intestinal lumen in the human subject.

A

Secretin and pancreozymin

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42
Q

produced by I-cells in the lining of the duodenum and is also released by some neurons in the brain. It acts on two types of receptors found throughout the gut and central nervous system. The most recognised functions of this hormone are in digestion and appetite.

A

Cholecystokinin

43
Q

Trypsinogen + enterokinase =

A

trypsin, protease

44
Q

breaks down carbohydrates

A

Pancreatic amylase

45
Q

breaks down fats

A

Pancreatic lipase

46
Q

a hormone for sugar metabolism

47
Q

concerned with the intake, chewing and swallowing of food and the mixing of it with saliva

48
Q

passage that receives food from the mouth, and passes it on into the esophagus by the act of swallowing

49
Q

passage way to convey food through the chest from the pharynx to the stomach

50
Q

reservoir for food, and a mixing bowl and churns food to produce a semiliquid mixture called ____

A

Stomach,

chyme

51
Q

digestion and absorption

A

Small intestine

52
Q

water absorption

A

Large intestine

53
Q

it forms and secretes bile

54
Q

Liver functions

A
  • converts glucose into glycogen and store it. It will be releases when needed
  • manufacters blood proteins, fibrinogen, albumin, globulin, as well as prothrombin and heparin
  • excessive amino acids are broken up by liver cells into carbohydrates and urea
  • breaks down worn out red blood cells, producing bile pigments
  • stores some vitamins, including vitamin B12
  • it renders inactive toxic products of bacterial action formed in the large intestine
  • forms reticuloendothelial cells – phagocytes
55
Q

stores bile, concentrates bile, and expels it as required by digestion

A

Gall bladder

56
Q

emulsifies fat

57
Q

promotes absorption of vitamin K from the intestine

58
Q

an opening in the roof of the mouth, so that fluids or food pass into the nasal cavities from the mouth

A

Cleft Palate

59
Q

the esophagus is closed at some point, and may communicate with the trachea

A

Atresia of esophagus

60
Q

a narrowing of the pyloric part of the stomach causing some obstruction to the passage of food into the duodenum

A

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

61
Q

protrusion of an organ either through a weak part of the wall, or where a wall has not formed

A

Hernia or rupture

62
Q

protrusion through the esophageal opening (hiatus) of the diaphragm

A

Hiatal Hernia

63
Q

protrusion at the umbilicus or navel

A

Umbilical Hernia

64
Q

protrusion in the groin

A

Inguinal Hernia

65
Q

absence of an opening at the anus

A

Imperforate anus

66
Q

the right colic flexure lies between the liver and diaphragm

A

Interposition

67
Q

organs lie in the opposite side of the body to their normal position

A

Transposition (situs inversus)

68
Q

a diverticulum of ileum close to the ileocecal junction

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

69
Q

stones that may form in any part of the biliary system

70
Q

calculi in the GB

A

Cholelithiasis

71
Q

an inflammation

72
Q

pouchlike protrusions of the wall of an organ

A

Diverticula

73
Q

a pushing outwards of the small saclike part

A

Pulsion diverticulum

74
Q

is an inflammation of the appendix

A

Appendicitis

75
Q

is a redness and swelling (inflammation) of the gallbladder

A

Cholecystitis

76
Q

inflammation of the inner lining of the colon

77
Q

inflammation in your duodenum lining

A

Duodenitis

78
Q

inflammation of pouches that can form in your intestines

A

Diverticulitis

79
Q

inflammation of the small intestine

80
Q

inflammation that may damage tissues of the esophagus

A

Esophagitis

81
Q

swelling and irritation (inflammation) of the chest area between the lungs

A

Mediastinitis

82
Q

inflammation of the pancreas

A

Pancreatitis

83
Q

Inflammation of the tissues surrounding an intestinal diverticulum

A

Peridiverticulitis

84
Q

a redness and swelling (inflammation) of the lining of your belly or abdomen

A

Peritonitis

85
Q

A condition in which the gastrointestinal tract is inflamed over a long period of time

A

Regional enteritis

86
Q

a condition in which an abscess is formed around the appendix as a result of appendiceal perforation or extension of inflammation to the adjacent tissues due to aggravation of appendicitis

A

Appendiceal abscess

87
Q

inflammation of the liver

88
Q

one caused by pulling of the wall from outside, by scar tissue about lymph nodes, etc

A

Traction diverticulum

89
Q

a narrow slit or crack such as may occur about the anus

90
Q

an opening between 2 organs where no opening normally exists

91
Q

a telescoping of one part of the intestine into the part beyond it

A

Intussusception

92
Q

a thrombus in one of the mesenteric arteries or their branches

A

Mesenteric thrombosis

93
Q

a twisting of a loop of intestine upon itself

94
Q

a deposition of bile in body tissue

95
Q

removal of the GB

A

Cholecystectomy

96
Q

a cutting into the GB

A

Cholecystotomy

97
Q

making an opening between the GB and duodenum, and sewing the cut edges together

A

Cholecystoduodenostomy

98
Q

an opening between the small and large intestines in order to bypass some obstruction

A

Enterocolostomy

99
Q

removal of stomach

A

Gastrectomy

100
Q

an opening made between the stomach and small intestine, usually into the upper jejunum to allow food to bypass the duodenum

A

Gastroenterostomy

101
Q

an opening made into some part of the large intestine to bypass some obstruction

102
Q

removal of the colon

103
Q

an x-ray procedure used to help evaluate the gallbladder.

A

Cholecystography

104
Q

looking at the structure of the bile ducts and gallbladder

A

Cholangiography

RT 211 (23 decks)

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