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RT 211 > 4.1 The Vertebral Column > Flashcards

4.1 The Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

no. of bones Cervical vertebrae

A

7 bones

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2
Q

no. of bones Thoracic vertebrae

A

12 bones

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3
Q

no. of bones Lumbar vertebrae

A

5 bones

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4
Q

no. of bones Sacrum

A

5 fused bones

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5
Q

no. of bones Coccyx

A

3, 4, or 5 incomplete bones

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6
Q

between adjacent vertebrae

A

Intervertebral joints or discs

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7
Q

between articular processes

A

Interarticular joints

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8
Q

between occipital bone and atlas

A

Atlantooccipital joints

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9
Q

5th lumbar vertebra and sacrum

A

Lumbosacral joints

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10
Q

sacrum and coccyx

A

Sacrococcygeal joint

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11
Q

between a rib and a vertebra

A

Costovertebral joints

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12
Q

tubercle of a rib and a transverse process of vertebra

A

Costotransverse – joints

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13
Q

between articular processes of the vertebrae

A

Zygapophyseal joints

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14
Q

PARTS AND PROMINENCES OF THE VERTEBRAE

A

True or movable vertebrae

False or fixed vertebrae

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15
Q

Cervical curvature

A

Lordotic Type

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16
Q

Thoracic curvature

A

Kyphotic Type

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17
Q

Lumbar curvature

A

Lordotic Type

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18
Q

Pelvic curvature

A

Kyphotic Type

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19
Q

is the solid anterior part shaped like a cylinder, with the posterior surface flattened

A

Body of the vertebra

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20
Q

curved posterior part enclosing an opening

A

Arch of the vertebra

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21
Q

two short rounded processes that extend posteriorly, one from each lateral margin of the dorsal surface of a vertebral body

A

Pedicle

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22
Q

two flattened plates of bone, one passing towards the midline from each pedicle

A

Laminae

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23
Q

an opening formed by the vertebral arch with its pedicles and laminae, and the posterior surface of the vertebral body

A

Vertebral foramen

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24
Q

is a tubular passage extending from the foramen magnum of the skull to the lower sacrum

A

Vertebral canal

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25
Q

is formed by either the upper or lower curved surface of a pedicle

A

Vertebral notch

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26
Q

is an opening on each side of the arch

A

Intervertebral foramen

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27
Q

extend laterally from the junction of a pedicle with a lamina on each side

A

Transverse processes

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28
Q

extend up towards the head from the junction of each pedicle and lamina

A

Superior articular processes

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29
Q

projects caudally from the junction of each pedicle and lamina

A

Inferior articular process

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30
Q

extends posteriorly from the dorsal margin of each vertebral arch

A

Spinous process

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31
Q
  • Forked spinous processes

* Foramina transversaria (2)

A

Cervical

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32
Q

first cervical vertebrae

A

Atlas

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33
Q
  • No body
  • No spinous process
  • 2 lateral masses
  • 2 arches – anterior and posterior
A

Atlas

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34
Q

second cervical vertebra

A

Axis

35
Q

a dens or odontoid

A

Axis

36
Q

other name for dens

A

odontoid

37
Q

7th cervical vertebra

A

Vertebra prominens

38
Q

large long spinous process

A

Vertebra prominens

39
Q

Costal pits or facet (fovea costalis)

A

Thoracic

40
Q
  • Large size
  • No pits
  • No foramina transversaria
A

Lumbar

41
Q
  • Five fused bodies
  • Lateral parts fused
  • 2 alae, a base, an apex
  • Promontory
  • Superior articular processes (2)
  • Sacral canal, hiatus, and two cornura
  • Sacral foramina – 8 anterior, 8 posterior
A

Sacrum

42
Q
  • 4 or 3 or 5 incomplete

* 2 cornua

A

Coccyx

43
Q

flat articular surfaces of bodies of the adjacent vertebrae from the second cervical vertebra to and including the lumbosacral joints between the 5th lumbar body and the sacum

A

Intervertebral joints (Cartilaginous joints)

44
Q

Formed by:

  • Articular surfaces of adjacent vertebrae covered by compact bone
  • Thin articular cartilages covering the articular surface of each vertebra, compose of hyaline cartilage
A

Intervertebral joints

45
Q

flat circular plate lying between the articular cartilages covering each bone, and consisting of: Anulus fibrosus and Nucleus pulposus

A

Intervertebral disc

46
Q

an outer pad of fibrous tissue and fibrocartilage

A

Anulus fibrosus

47
Q

the pulpy center of a disc in the center of an annulus fibrosus and surrounded by it

A

Nucleus pulposus

48
Q

An anterior longitudinal ligament of fibrous tissue extending lengthwise along the anterior surfaces of vertebrae

A

Ligamenta

49
Q

A posterior longitudinal ligament passes lengthwise between adjacent vertebrae along their posterior surfaces

A

Ligamenta

50
Q

pass lengthwise between the laminae of adjacent vertebrae

A

Ligamenta flava

51
Q

connect adjacent spinous processes

A

Interspinal ligaments

52
Q

connects the tips of the spinous processes

A

Supraspinatus ligament

53
Q

Articular processes of the adjacent vertebrae on each side

A

Interarticular joints (zygapophyseal joints) – gliding joints

54
Q

Occipital condyle of the occipital bone

A

Atlantooccipital joints – condylar joints

55
Q

Superior articular surface on the lateral mass on the lateral mass of the atlas on the same side

A

Atlantooccipital joints – condylar joints

56
Q

Dens of the axis and a ring formed by the anterior arch of atlas

A

Median atlantoaxial joint – pivot joint

57
Q

Inferior articular surface of the lateral mass of the atlas, and the superior articular process of the axis on each side

A

Lateral atlantoaxial joints – gliding joints

58
Q

Between the lateral margins of the articular surfaces of lower cervical vertebrae, on each side

A

Accessory Cervical joints – several

59
Q

Inferior articular surface of the 5th lumbar vertebra and the superior articular surface of the sacrum

A

Lumbosacral joint – cartilaginous joint

60
Q

Inferior articular processes of upper end of sacrum

A

Interarticular joints – gliding joints

61
Q

Distal end of sacrum forming a joint with the first segment of the coccyx

A

Sacrococcygeal joint – cartilaginous joint

62
Q

Present between the segments of the coccyx

A

Intercoccygeal joints

63
Q

The discs disappear in later life and the segments unite

A

Intercoccygeal joints

64
Q

2 or more vertebrae may be united with no joint between them

A

Fusion of vertebrae

65
Q

right or left of the vertebra may be absent, or one half of the vertebra may fuse with the vertebra above or below it, leaving the other half as a separate bone

A

Hemivertebra

66
Q

the right and left lamina may fail to unite with each other at the medial line posteriorly

A

Spina bifida

67
Q

may present between the superior and inferior articular processes of vertebrae at the isthmus were these join

A

Articular defects

68
Q

the lower part of the sacrum may fail to develop

A

Absence of sacrum

69
Q

the 5th lumbar vertebra may be partly or completely fused with the upper sacrum

A

Sacralization

70
Q

Mastoid tip

A

C1

71
Q

Gonion (angle of mandible)

A

C2, C3

72
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

C5

73
Q

Vertebra prominens

A

C7

74
Q

Approximately 5 cm (2 in) above level of sternal notch

A

T1

75
Q

Level of manubrial (sternal) notch and superior margin of scapulae

A

T2, T3

76
Q

Level of sternal angle

A

T4, T5

77
Q

Level of inferior angle of scapulae

A

T7

78
Q

Level of xiphoid tip

A

T10

79
Q

Costal margin

A

L3

80
Q

Level of umbilicus

A

L3, L4

81
Q

Level of most superior aspect of iliac crest

A

L4

82
Q

Level of anterior superior iliac spine

A

S1

83
Q

Level of pubic symphysis and greater trochanters

A

Coccyx

RT 211 (23 decks)

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