6.1 The Muscular System

Question 1

CLASSIFICATION OF MUSCLES BY LOCATION

Answer 1

• Skeletal muscles
• Visceral muscles
• Cardiac muscles

Question 2

usually attached to bones

Answer 2

Skeletal muscles

Question 3

in the walls of some organs

Answer 3

Visceral muscles

Question 4

in the heart, myocardium

Answer 4

Cardiac muscles

Question 5

striated, voluntary

Answer 5

Skeletal

Question 6

nonstriated, involuntary

Answer 6

Visceral

Question 7

striated, involuntary

Answer 7

Cardiac

Question 8

the red lean meat of the body, make up almost half of the body weight

Answer 8

Skeletal muscles

Question 9

Skeletal muscle usually controlled by the

Answer 9

cerebrum

Question 10

muscle cells

Answer 10

Muscle fibers

Question 11

many fine threadlike structure

Answer 11

Fibrils or myofibrils

Question 12

a layer of connective tissue

Answer 12

Fascia

Question 13

are usually attached at each to a bone, but some are attached to a cartilage, a ligament, another muscle or to the skin

Answer 13

Skeletal muscles

Question 14

The attachment to bone is by ______, usually a ______, but sometimes directly to a bone

Answer 14

connective tissue,

tendon or aponeurosis

Question 15

of a muscle is its more fixed, less movable attachment, usually its proximal end

Answer 15

Origin

Question 16

of a muscle is its more movable end, usually its distal end

Answer 16

Insertion

Question 17

is a cordlike fibrous connective structure that extends from the end of a muscle to a bony attachment

Answer 17

Tendon

Question 18

Tendon sometimes called a

Answer 18

sinew cord, or leader

Question 19

is a sheet of fibrous connective tissue that is often attached at one end to a muscle, often flat muscle and by the other end to a bone, cartilage, ligament or other muscle

Answer 19

Aponeurosis

Question 20

is a tunnel-like channel that surrounds a tendon

Answer 20

A tendon sheath

Question 21

is an inflammation of a tendon sheath

Answer 21

Tenosynovitis

Question 22

is a saclike structure lying between a muscle or tendon and an adjacent bony prominence over which the muscle tendon moves

Answer 22

Bursa

Question 23

is an inflammation of a bursa and it is frequently very painful

Answer 23

Bursitis

Question 24

the deposition of calcium, may occur in a bursa or tendon sheath

Answer 24

Calcification

Question 25

muscles do not completely relax when at rest, but remain partly contracted

Answer 25

Muscle Tone

Question 26

the main function of all muscles is to _____ and cause movement of the body or a part of it

Answer 26

contract (Contraction)

Question 27

Muscle that cross a joint to insert into a bone and cause movement are located ______ to that joint

Answer 27

proximal

Question 28

are muscles that initiate and carry out some movement

Answer 28

Prime Movers

Question 29

are muscles that perform some movement opposite to that caused by the prime movers

Answer 29

Antagonists

Question 30

are muscles that act with the prime movers to accomplish some movement but prevent unwanted movement

Answer 30

Synergists

Question 31

are those that hold the adjacent bones in a fixed position so that the prime movers may accomplish some certain movement

Answer 31

Fixation muscles

Question 32

the maintenance of the upright position of the body consists of a balanced contraction of some muscle groups and the partial relaxation of opposing groups

Answer 32

Posture

Question 33

is a contraction of muscles that may persist for a long period of time, without relaxation

Answer 33

Muscle spasm

Question 34

follows injury to, or destruction of, the nerves supplying that muscle

Answer 34

Paralysis of muscles

Question 35

may attack cells in the spinal cord that supply motor nerves to skeletal muscles

Answer 35

Poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis)

Question 36

is the property of being able to respond to stimuli

Answer 36

Irritability

Question 37

is the ability to conduct impulses from nerves, from electrical stimuli

Answer 37

Conductivity

Question 38

is the facility or stretching. This occurs by a lengthening of the fibrils of each muscle fibers

Answer 38

Extensibility

Question 39

the ability to return to the original length following stretching

Answer 39

Elasticity

Question 40

is the ability to become shorter, and is dues to a shortening with thickening of each fibril of each muscle fiber

Answer 40

Contractility

Question 41

FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLES

Answer 41

* Skeletal muscles contract and cause movement * They maintain position (posture) in the upright and other positions of the body * They give support to joints by maintaining a partial state contraction

Question 42

HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

Answer 42

* By Location – Pectoralis major * By Shape – Quadratus, deltoid * By Direction of Fibers – Transversus, oblique * By Action – Flexor digitorum * Number of Parts – Biceps, triceps, quadriceps

Question 43

a partition

Answer 43

(G) Diaphragma

Question 44

diaphragm

Answer 44

(G) Phren

Question 45

Dome-shaped muscular partition that separates the thorax and abdomen

Answer 45

Diaphragm

Question 46

Diaphragm 3 large openings

Answer 46

- Aortic hiatus - Esophageal hiatus - Opening of the inferior vena cave

Question 47

thick fan-shaped muscle that covers the upper anterior chest wall

Answer 47

Pectoralis Major Muscle

Question 48

costodiaphragmatic recess

Answer 48

Costophrenic Sinus

Question 49

muscle lies lateral to the lumbar vertebrae in the posterior wall of the abdomen

Answer 49

Psoas Major Muscle

Question 50

fill in the spaces between adjacent ribs, and their costal catilages

Answer 50

Intercostal Muscles

Question 51

The tops of the dome lie well above the costal margins and may reach the ____ ribs

Answer 51

4th

Question 52

Following inspiration, they lie at a lower level that the following expiration

Answer 52

Diaphragm

Question 53

With the subject lying down the ____ lies at a higher level than when upright

Answer 53

Diaphragm

Question 54

Air escaping from a hole in the wall of the stomach or intestine will rise to the _____ possible level in the abdomen

Answer 54

highest

Question 55

The _____ must be included in both chest and abdomen radiography

Answer 55

Diaphragm

Question 56

EXAMPLE OF LIGAMENTS AND TENDONS

Answer 56

* Inguinal ligament * Patellar ligament * Ligamentum teres * Calcaneal tendon

Question 57

WEAK ABDOMINAL AREAS

Answer 57

* Umbilical Area * Inguinal Area * Femoral Area