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RT 211 > 6.1 The Muscular System > Flashcards

6.1 The Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF MUSCLES BY LOCATION

A
  • Skeletal muscles
  • Visceral muscles
  • Cardiac muscles
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2
Q

usually attached to bones

A

Skeletal muscles

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3
Q

in the walls of some organs

A

Visceral muscles

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4
Q

in the heart, myocardium

A

Cardiac muscles

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5
Q

striated, voluntary

A

Skeletal

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6
Q

nonstriated, involuntary

A

Visceral

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7
Q

striated, involuntary

A

Cardiac

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8
Q

the red lean meat of the body, make up almost half of the body weight

A

Skeletal muscles

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9
Q

Skeletal muscle usually controlled by the

A

cerebrum

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10
Q

muscle cells

A

Muscle fibers

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11
Q

many fine threadlike structure

A

Fibrils or myofibrils

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12
Q

a layer of connective tissue

A

Fascia

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13
Q

are usually attached at each to a bone, but some are attached to a cartilage, a ligament, another muscle or to the skin

A

Skeletal muscles

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14
Q

The attachment to bone is by ______, usually a ______, but sometimes directly to a bone

A

connective tissue,

tendon or aponeurosis

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15
Q

of a muscle is its more fixed, less movable attachment, usually its proximal end

A

Origin

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16
Q

of a muscle is its more movable end, usually its distal end

A

Insertion

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17
Q

is a cordlike fibrous connective structure that extends from the end of a muscle to a bony attachment

A

Tendon

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18
Q

Tendon sometimes called a

A

sinew cord, or leader

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19
Q

is a sheet of fibrous connective tissue that is often attached at one end to a muscle, often flat muscle and by the other end to a bone, cartilage, ligament or other muscle

A

Aponeurosis

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20
Q

is a tunnel-like channel that surrounds a tendon

A

A tendon sheath

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21
Q

is an inflammation of a tendon sheath

A

Tenosynovitis

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22
Q

is a saclike structure lying between a muscle or tendon and an adjacent bony prominence over which the muscle tendon moves

A

Bursa

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23
Q

is an inflammation of a bursa and it is frequently very painful

A

Bursitis

24
Q

the deposition of calcium, may occur in a bursa or tendon sheath

A

Calcification

25
Q

muscles do not completely relax when at rest, but remain partly contracted

A

Muscle Tone

26
Q

the main function of all muscles is to _____ and cause movement of the body or a part of it

A

contract (Contraction)

27
Q

Muscle that cross a joint to insert into a bone and cause movement are located ______ to that joint

A

proximal

28
Q

are muscles that initiate and carry out some movement

A

Prime Movers

29
Q

are muscles that perform some movement opposite to that caused by the prime movers

A

Antagonists

30
Q

are muscles that act with the prime movers to accomplish some movement but prevent unwanted movement

A

Synergists

31
Q

are those that hold the adjacent bones in a fixed position so that the prime movers may accomplish some certain movement

A

Fixation muscles

32
Q

the maintenance of the upright position of the body consists of a balanced contraction of some muscle groups and the partial relaxation of opposing groups

A

Posture

33
Q

is a contraction of muscles that may persist for a long period of time, without relaxation

A

Muscle spasm

34
Q

follows injury to, or destruction of, the nerves supplying that muscle

A

Paralysis of muscles

35
Q

may attack cells in the spinal cord that supply motor nerves to skeletal muscles

A

Poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis)

36
Q

is the property of being able to respond to stimuli

A

Irritability

37
Q

is the ability to conduct impulses from nerves, from electrical stimuli

A

Conductivity

38
Q

is the facility or stretching. This occurs by a lengthening of the fibrils of each muscle fibers

A

Extensibility

39
Q

the ability to return to the original length following stretching

A

Elasticity

40
Q

is the ability to become shorter, and is dues to a shortening with thickening of each fibril of each muscle fiber

A

Contractility

41
Q

FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLES

A
  • Skeletal muscles contract and cause movement
  • They maintain position (posture) in the upright and other positions of the body
  • They give support to joints by maintaining a partial state contraction
42
Q

HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

A
  • By Location – Pectoralis major
  • By Shape – Quadratus, deltoid
  • By Direction of Fibers – Transversus, oblique
  • By Action – Flexor digitorum
  • Number of Parts – Biceps, triceps, quadriceps
43
Q

a partition

A

(G) Diaphragma

44
Q

diaphragm

A

(G) Phren

45
Q

Dome-shaped muscular partition that separates the thorax and abdomen

A

Diaphragm

46
Q

Diaphragm 3 large openings

A
  • Aortic hiatus
  • Esophageal hiatus
  • Opening of the inferior vena cave
47
Q

thick fan-shaped muscle that covers the upper anterior chest wall

A

Pectoralis Major Muscle

48
Q

costodiaphragmatic recess

A

Costophrenic Sinus

49
Q

muscle lies lateral to the lumbar vertebrae in the posterior wall of the abdomen

A

Psoas Major Muscle

50
Q

fill in the spaces between adjacent ribs, and their costal catilages

A

Intercostal Muscles

51
Q

The tops of the dome lie well above the costal margins and may reach the ____ ribs

A

4th

52
Q

Following inspiration, they lie at a lower level that the following expiration

A

Diaphragm

53
Q

With the subject lying down the ____ lies at a higher level than when upright

A

Diaphragm

54
Q

Air escaping from a hole in the wall of the stomach or intestine will rise to the _____ possible level in the abdomen

A

highest

55
Q

The _____ must be included in both chest and abdomen radiography

A

Diaphragm

56
Q

EXAMPLE OF LIGAMENTS AND TENDONS

A
  • Inguinal ligament
  • Patellar ligament
  • Ligamentum teres
  • Calcaneal tendon
57
Q

WEAK ABDOMINAL AREAS

A
  • Umbilical Area
  • Inguinal Area
  • Femoral Area

RT 211 (23 decks)

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