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RT 211 > 9.1 The Digestive System > Flashcards

9.1 The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

has been developed to provide a means by which food is taken into the body and broken down into simple molecules that can be absorbed by the body

A

Digestive System

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2
Q

6 types of substances required to meet bodily requirements

A 
o	Carbohydrates
o	Fats or Lipids
o	Proteins
o	Mineral salts
o	Vitamins
o	Water
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3
Q

is the taking into the mouth of food

A

Ingestion

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4
Q

chewing

A

Mastication

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5
Q

swallowing

A

Deglutition

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6
Q

is the breaking up of complex food molecules into small simple molecules that can pass through living membranes

A

Digestion

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7
Q

Enzymes break up the three foods

A

o Proteins to amino acids
o Fat (lipids) to fatty acids and glycerine
o Carbohydrates to glucose, fructose and galactose

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8
Q

the passage of digested food products into blood or lymph capillaries

A

Absorption

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9
Q

Uptake of products from the intestine

A

Absorption

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10
Q

Passing of dissolved substances from blood capillaries into intercellular spaces and from these to any body cells

A

Absorption

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11
Q

Factors Determining Position of the Abdominal Organs

A
  • Habitus or body build
  • Weight
  • Position
  • Phase of Respiration
  • State of Fullness
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12
Q

is the cavity within any hollow organ

A

Lumen

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13
Q

the membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities

A

Peritoneum

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14
Q

is the lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities. It also forms the mesentery of the intestine

A

Parietal peritoneum

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15
Q

forms the outer covering membrane of most abdominal and pelvic organ

A

Visceral peritoneum

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16
Q

the potential space between the visceral peritoneum covering the organs and the parietal peritoneum

A

Peritoneal cavity

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17
Q

is a double layer of peritoneum that extends from the parietal peritoneum on the posterior abdominal wall to the small intestine

A

Mesentery

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18
Q

is a similar double layer of the parietal peritoneum between some parts of the large intestine and posterior abdominal wall

A

Mesocolon

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19
Q

is a double layer of peritoneum that extends between two organs

A

Omentum

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20
Q

is a fold of peritoneum that extends from the lower margin of the stomach to the transverse colon

A

Greater omentum

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21
Q

is a fold of peritoneum between the stomach and the liver

A

Lesser omentum

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22
Q

is a thickened ring of the circular layer of visceral muscle that surrounds the opening of a hollow organ

A

Sphincter

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23
Q

is a contraction wave that passes along the dilatation

A

Peristalsis

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24
Q

is a contraction of a small segment of bowel that divides the contents into two parts

A

Segmentation

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25
Q

the narrowing of the lumen of a hollow organ

A

Stenosis

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26
Q

absence of lumen or canal in a hollow organ that normally has one

A

Atresia

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27
Q

visceral layer of peritoneum that covers most abdominal and pelvic organs

A

Serous layer

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28
Q

located under the serous covering consists in most parts of two layers of visceral muscle, an outer longitudinal muscle and an inner circular layer

A

Muscular layer

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29
Q

a layer of loose (areolar) connective tissue

A

Submuscular layer

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30
Q

is a layer of epithelium adjacent to the lumen or cavity

A

Mucous coat (mucosa) or lining membrane of an organ

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31
Q

is the space between the cheeks and the lips on its outer side and the teeth and gums on the inner side

A

Vestibule

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32
Q

is the hollow space, the receiving chamber of the digestive tract

A

Cavity

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33
Q

consist of palatine bones. Floor of the nasal cavities

A

Hard palate

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34
Q

contains no bone but is a fold epithelium at the posterior margin of hard palate

A

Soft palate

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35
Q

space between the mouth and the oral pharynx

A

Fauces

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36
Q

extends from the soft palate to the base of the tongue on either side

A

Palatoglossal arch

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37
Q

reaches from the soft palate to the side wall of the pharynx on either side

A

Palatopharyngeal arch

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38
Q

bite, chew it to produce smaller particles more accessible to the digestive enzymes

A

teeth

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39
Q

muscular organ covered by epithelium with small projections on the upper surface

A

tongue

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40
Q

3 pairs; they are alveolar glands and secrete saliva

A

Salivary glands

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41
Q

enzyme that digest carbohydrates

A

ptyalin

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42
Q

lies on the side of the face in front of and below the opening of the ear

A

Parotid gland

43
Q

Parotid duct also known as

A

Stensen’s Duct

44
Q

lies under the floor of the mouth on each side

A

Submandibular gland

45
Q

Submandibular duct also known as

A

Wharton’s Duct

46
Q

lies in the floor of the mouth, anterior to the submandibular

A

Sublingual gland

47
Q

Sublingual duct also known as

A

(several) Duct of Rivinus

48
Q

length of Pharynx

A

12.5 cm (5 inches) long

49
Q

is a tube about 25 cm (10 inches) in length and extends from the laryngeal part of the pharynx to the stomach

A

esophagus or gullet

50
Q

a collapsible reservoir of food

51
Q

part that lies above the cardiac opening

52
Q

part between the cardiac opening and the angular notch

53
Q

part between the angular notch and the pyloric opening

A

Pyloric part

54
Q

an opening between the lower end of the esophagus and the upper stomach

A

Cardiac orifice

55
Q

is an opening in the lower end of the stomach, between it and the duodenal part of the small intestine

A

Pyloric orifice

56
Q

is located at the cardiac end of the stomach. It prevents regurgitation of the stomach contents into the esophagus

A

Cardiac sphincter

57
Q

located at the pyloric end of the stomach in the pylorus. It keeps the opening closed except for relaxation to allow the stomach contents to enter the duodenum

A

Pyloric sphincter

58
Q

short right curved border that extends from the cardiac to the pyloric openings of the stomach

A

lesser curvature

59
Q

is much longer left curved border of the stomach

A

greater curvature

60
Q

is a notch on the lower part of the lesser curvature of the stomach where it bends sharply to the right

A

Angular notch (incisura angularis)

61
Q

is a constricted area between the pyloric part of the stomach and the first or superior part of the duodenum

62
Q

are folds lining membrane that usually run longitudinally

A

Rugae or gastric folds

63
Q

simple tubular glands in the mucosal layer of the stomach

A

Gastric glands

64
Q

has smaller lumen than the large intestine

A

Small Intestine

65
Q

single continuous tube but in order to accommodate to the abdomen it is coiled upon itself repeatedly

A

Small Intestine

66
Q

Small Intestine length

A

7 m (23 ft)

67
Q

25 cm (10 in) of the small intestine form a loop in the upper right abdomen

68
Q

the first part, passes up and to right from the pyloric opening of the stomach. It includes the duodenal cap or bulb

A

Superior duodenum

69
Q

passes downwards from the superior part, and ends by joining the horizontal part. The common bile duct opens into it from the back

A

Descending duodenum

70
Q

extends to the left from the descending part

A

Horizontal duodenum

71
Q

passes up from the horizontal part, and joins the jejunum posterior to the stomach, close to the angular notch

A

Ascending duodenum

72
Q

second part of the small intestine, forms about two-fifths of the remaining part. About 2.7 m (9 ft) in length. It is quite mobile

73
Q

the 3rd part of the small intestine forms the remaining three-fifths of the small intestine and is about 3.9 m (13 ft) long

74
Q

is the opening between the terminal part of the ileum and cecum

A

Ileocecal opening

75
Q

is a thickened layer of circular muscle at the ileocecal opening

A

Ileocecal sphincter of valve

76
Q

are folds in the lining membrane of the small intestine that encircle its lumen

A

Circular folds or plicae circulares

77
Q

are very minute microscopic fingerlike projections of the mucosal lining of the small intestine that cover the circular folds and the hollows among them

78
Q

are collections of lymphatic tissue in the mucosa of the small intestine

A

Aggregated lymph follicles (Peyer’s Patches)

79
Q

are single follicles of lymphatic tissue, and are also found in the lining of the small intestine

A

Solitary lymph follicles (nodules)

80
Q

lie in the mucosa in the intervals between the bases of the villi. They are tubular glands

A

Intestinal glands

81
Q

is the final division of the digestive tube

A

Large Intestine

82
Q

Large Intestine length

A

About 1.5 m (5 ft) in length

83
Q

the part of the large intestine that forms a pouch below the ileocecal opening

84
Q

passes upwards from the cecum to the inferior surface of the liver along the right lateral abdomen

A

Ascending colon

85
Q

a bend of the colon to the left under the right liver margin

A

Right colic flexure or hepatic flexure

86
Q

passes across the upper abdomen from the right colic flexure to the spleen in the upper left abdomen

A

Transverse colon

87
Q

is a bend downwards in the colon where the transverse colon ends

A

Left colic flexure or splenic flexure

88
Q

extends down from the left colic flexure to the brim of the pelvis in the left lateral abdomen

A

Descending colon

89
Q

is the “S” shaped curved part of the distal colon that extends from the descending colon at the pelvic brim to the rectum

A

Sigmoid colon or pelvic colon

90
Q

4 to 5 inches, begins anterior to the sacrum at about 3rd sacral segment

91
Q

is the distal 2.5 to 4 cm (1 to 1.5 in) of the digestive tube

A

Anal canal

92
Q

encircles the anal canal. It is dues to a thickening of the circular layer of the visceral muscle. It keeps the lumen of the canal closed

A

Internal anal sphincter

93
Q

a second safeguard of skeletal muscle that surrounds the canal

A

External anal sphincter

94
Q

is the opening at the lower end of the anal canal

95
Q

2 layers of fold of peritoneum surrounding the large intestine

96
Q

three bands of muscle fibers that pass lengthwise along the length of the large intestine. Cause puckering of the colon

A

Teniae coli

97
Q

these are saclike pouches in the wall of the large intestine resulting from puckering due to teniae coli

98
Q

sweetbread

99
Q

• A long tapering gland that lies transversely in the upper posterior abdomen behind the stomach

100
Q

large, right, bluntly rounded end that lies in the curve of duodenum

A

Head of Pancreas

101
Q

long tapering part extending to the left behind the stomach

A

Body of Pancreas

102
Q

pointed left end that reaches the adjacent splenic border

A

Tail of Pancreas

103
Q

a watery mucous fluid containing the enzyme ptyalin

RT 211 (23 decks)

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