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RT 211 > 9.1 The Digestive System > Flashcards

9.1 The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

has been developed to provide a means by which food is taken into the body and broken down into simple molecules that can be absorbed by the body

A

Digestive System

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2
Q

6 types of substances required to meet bodily requirements

A 
o	Carbohydrates
o	Fats or Lipids
o	Proteins
o	Mineral salts
o	Vitamins
o	Water
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3
Q

is the taking into the mouth of food

A

Ingestion

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4
Q

chewing

A

Mastication

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5
Q

swallowing

A

Deglutition

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6
Q

is the breaking up of complex food molecules into small simple molecules that can pass through living membranes

A

Digestion

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7
Q

Enzymes break up the three foods

A

o Proteins to amino acids
o Fat (lipids) to fatty acids and glycerine
o Carbohydrates to glucose, fructose and galactose

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8
Q

the passage of digested food products into blood or lymph capillaries

A

Absorption

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9
Q

Uptake of products from the intestine

A

Absorption

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10
Q

Passing of dissolved substances from blood capillaries into intercellular spaces and from these to any body cells

A

Absorption

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11
Q

Factors Determining Position of the Abdominal Organs

A
  • Habitus or body build
  • Weight
  • Position
  • Phase of Respiration
  • State of Fullness
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12
Q

is the cavity within any hollow organ

A

Lumen

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13
Q

the membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities

A

Peritoneum

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14
Q

is the lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities. It also forms the mesentery of the intestine

A

Parietal peritoneum

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15
Q

forms the outer covering membrane of most abdominal and pelvic organ

A

Visceral peritoneum

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16
Q

the potential space between the visceral peritoneum covering the organs and the parietal peritoneum

A

Peritoneal cavity

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17
Q

is a double layer of peritoneum that extends from the parietal peritoneum on the posterior abdominal wall to the small intestine

A

Mesentery

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18
Q

is a similar double layer of the parietal peritoneum between some parts of the large intestine and posterior abdominal wall

A

Mesocolon

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19
Q

is a double layer of peritoneum that extends between two organs

A

Omentum

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20
Q

is a fold of peritoneum that extends from the lower margin of the stomach to the transverse colon

A

Greater omentum

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21
Q

is a fold of peritoneum between the stomach and the liver

A

Lesser omentum

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22
Q

is a thickened ring of the circular layer of visceral muscle that surrounds the opening of a hollow organ

A

Sphincter

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23
Q

is a contraction wave that passes along the dilatation

A

Peristalsis

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24
Q

is a contraction of a small segment of bowel that divides the contents into two parts

A

Segmentation

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25
the narrowing of the lumen of a hollow organ
Stenosis
26
absence of lumen or canal in a hollow organ that normally has one
Atresia
27
visceral layer of peritoneum that covers most abdominal and pelvic organs
Serous layer
28
located under the serous covering consists in most parts of two layers of visceral muscle, an outer longitudinal muscle and an inner circular layer
Muscular layer
29
a layer of loose (areolar) connective tissue
Submuscular layer
30
is a layer of epithelium adjacent to the lumen or cavity
Mucous coat (mucosa) or lining membrane of an organ
31
is the space between the cheeks and the lips on its outer side and the teeth and gums on the inner side
Vestibule
32
is the hollow space, the receiving chamber of the digestive tract
Cavity
33
consist of palatine bones. Floor of the nasal cavities
Hard palate
34
contains no bone but is a fold epithelium at the posterior margin of hard palate
Soft palate
35
space between the mouth and the oral pharynx
Fauces
36
extends from the soft palate to the base of the tongue on either side
Palatoglossal arch
37
reaches from the soft palate to the side wall of the pharynx on either side
Palatopharyngeal arch
38
bite, chew it to produce smaller particles more accessible to the digestive enzymes
teeth
39
muscular organ covered by epithelium with small projections on the upper surface
tongue
40
3 pairs; they are alveolar glands and secrete saliva
Salivary glands
41
enzyme that digest carbohydrates
ptyalin
42
lies on the side of the face in front of and below the opening of the ear
Parotid gland
43
Parotid duct also known as
Stensen’s Duct
44
lies under the floor of the mouth on each side
Submandibular gland
45
Submandibular duct also known as
Wharton’s Duct
46
lies in the floor of the mouth, anterior to the submandibular
Sublingual gland
47
Sublingual duct also known as
(several) Duct of Rivinus
48
length of Pharynx
12.5 cm (5 inches) long
49
is a tube about 25 cm (10 inches) in length and extends from the laryngeal part of the pharynx to the stomach
esophagus or gullet
50
a collapsible reservoir of food
Stomach
51
part that lies above the cardiac opening
Fundus
52
part between the cardiac opening and the angular notch
Body
53
part between the angular notch and the pyloric opening
Pyloric part
54
an opening between the lower end of the esophagus and the upper stomach
Cardiac orifice
55
is an opening in the lower end of the stomach, between it and the duodenal part of the small intestine
Pyloric orifice
56
is located at the cardiac end of the stomach. It prevents regurgitation of the stomach contents into the esophagus
Cardiac sphincter
57
located at the pyloric end of the stomach in the pylorus. It keeps the opening closed except for relaxation to allow the stomach contents to enter the duodenum
Pyloric sphincter
58
short right curved border that extends from the cardiac to the pyloric openings of the stomach
lesser curvature
59
is much longer left curved border of the stomach
greater curvature
60
is a notch on the lower part of the lesser curvature of the stomach where it bends sharply to the right
Angular notch (incisura angularis)
61
is a constricted area between the pyloric part of the stomach and the first or superior part of the duodenum
Pylorus
62
are folds lining membrane that usually run longitudinally
Rugae or gastric folds
63
simple tubular glands in the mucosal layer of the stomach
Gastric glands
64
has smaller lumen than the large intestine
Small Intestine
65
single continuous tube but in order to accommodate to the abdomen it is coiled upon itself repeatedly
Small Intestine
66
Small Intestine length
7 m (23 ft)
67
25 cm (10 in) of the small intestine form a loop in the upper right abdomen
Duodenum
68
the first part, passes up and to right from the pyloric opening of the stomach. It includes the duodenal cap or bulb
Superior duodenum
69
passes downwards from the superior part, and ends by joining the horizontal part. The common bile duct opens into it from the back
Descending duodenum
70
extends to the left from the descending part
Horizontal duodenum
71
passes up from the horizontal part, and joins the jejunum posterior to the stomach, close to the angular notch
Ascending duodenum
72
second part of the small intestine, forms about two-fifths of the remaining part. About 2.7 m (9 ft) in length. It is quite mobile
Jejunum
73
the 3rd part of the small intestine forms the remaining three-fifths of the small intestine and is about 3.9 m (13 ft) long
Ileum
74
is the opening between the terminal part of the ileum and cecum
Ileocecal opening
75
is a thickened layer of circular muscle at the ileocecal opening
Ileocecal sphincter of valve
76
are folds in the lining membrane of the small intestine that encircle its lumen
Circular folds or plicae circulares
77
are very minute microscopic fingerlike projections of the mucosal lining of the small intestine that cover the circular folds and the hollows among them
Villi
78
are collections of lymphatic tissue in the mucosa of the small intestine
Aggregated lymph follicles (Peyer’s Patches)
79
are single follicles of lymphatic tissue, and are also found in the lining of the small intestine
Solitary lymph follicles (nodules)
80
lie in the mucosa in the intervals between the bases of the villi. They are tubular glands
Intestinal glands
81
is the final division of the digestive tube
Large Intestine
82
Large Intestine length
About 1.5 m (5 ft) in length
83
the part of the large intestine that forms a pouch below the ileocecal opening
Appendix
84
passes upwards from the cecum to the inferior surface of the liver along the right lateral abdomen
Ascending colon
85
a bend of the colon to the left under the right liver margin
Right colic flexure or hepatic flexure
86
passes across the upper abdomen from the right colic flexure to the spleen in the upper left abdomen
Transverse colon
87
is a bend downwards in the colon where the transverse colon ends
Left colic flexure or splenic flexure
88
extends down from the left colic flexure to the brim of the pelvis in the left lateral abdomen
Descending colon
89
is the “S” shaped curved part of the distal colon that extends from the descending colon at the pelvic brim to the rectum
Sigmoid colon or pelvic colon
90
4 to 5 inches, begins anterior to the sacrum at about 3rd sacral segment
Rectum
91
is the distal 2.5 to 4 cm (1 to 1.5 in) of the digestive tube
Anal canal
92
encircles the anal canal. It is dues to a thickening of the circular layer of the visceral muscle. It keeps the lumen of the canal closed
Internal anal sphincter
93
a second safeguard of skeletal muscle that surrounds the canal
External anal sphincter
94
is the opening at the lower end of the anal canal
Anus
95
2 layers of fold of peritoneum surrounding the large intestine
Mesocolon
96
three bands of muscle fibers that pass lengthwise along the length of the large intestine. Cause puckering of the colon
Teniae coli
97
these are saclike pouches in the wall of the large intestine resulting from puckering due to teniae coli
Haustra
98
sweetbread
Pancreas
99
• A long tapering gland that lies transversely in the upper posterior abdomen behind the stomach
Pancreas
100
large, right, bluntly rounded end that lies in the curve of duodenum
Head of Pancreas
101
long tapering part extending to the left behind the stomach
Body of Pancreas
102
pointed left end that reaches the adjacent splenic border
Tail of Pancreas
103
a watery mucous fluid containing the enzyme ptyalin
saliva

RT 211 (23 decks)

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