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RT 211 > 12.1 The Endocrine Glands > Flashcards

12.1 The Endocrine Glands Flashcards

1
Q

ductless glands or glands of internal secretions, are nests or clumps of cells having no ducts

A

Endocrine Glands

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2
Q

a secretion manufactures by and endocrine gland and secreted directly into blood capillaries

A

Hormone

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3
Q

these have two distinct parts, each secreting its own hormones

A

Double glands

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4
Q

some glands have an endocrine part to secrete one or more hormones, and an exocrine part to secrete enzymes

A

Mixed glands

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5
Q

some glands secrete more than one hormone

A

Glands with multiple functions

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6
Q

is a term used to include the chemical changes that occur n body cells as a result of cellular activity

A

Metabolism

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7
Q

is that of subject at rest

A

Basal metabolism

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8
Q

lies within the cranial cavity, in the pituitary fossa of the sella turcica

A

Pituitary gland or hypophysis

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9
Q

measures about 1.2 cm or 5 inches in diameter

A

Pituitary gland or hypophysis

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10
Q

double gland

A

Pituitary gland or hypophysis

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11
Q

is derived from a pouch of the third ventricle of the brain, hence the name ______

A

Posterior lobe,

neurohypophysis

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12
Q

stimulates the muscle of the uterus to contract during childbirth

A

Oxytocin or Pitocin

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13
Q

stimulates the reabsorption of water from the renal tubules, thus decreasing urinary output

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin

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14
Q

It also stimulates contraction of the involuntary muscles of the intestine, bronchi, and blood vessels

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin

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15
Q

is derived from a pouch of the mouth of the fetus

A

Anterior lobe

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16
Q

Anterior lobe alternate name

A

Adenohypophysis

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17
Q

Adenohypophysis has two type of cells

A

acidophils and basophils

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18
Q

It hormones have been names trophic hormones or tropic hormones perform because they stimulate the other endocrine glands to perform their functions (trophic = to nourish)

A

Adenohypophysis or Anterior lobe

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19
Q

lies within the cranial cavity, in the midline posterior to the midbrain

A

Pineal gland or body

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20
Q

It is minute structure of unknown function with a secretion that has not been isolated

A

Pineal gland or body

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21
Q

Two lobes, a right and left lying in the anterior neck

A

Thyroid Gland

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22
Q

Each lobe is about 5 cm or 2 inches in vertical length

A

Thyroid Gland

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23
Q

Thyroid Gland hormones

A

Thyroxine and tetraiodothyronine

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24
Q

These contain iodine that is obtained from water and food consumption

A

Thyroid Gland

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25
Q

to promote mental and physical development in the young

A

Thyroxine and tetraiodothyronine (Thyroid Gland)

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26
Q

Four small bean shaped bodies that lie in the neck posterior to the thyroid gland

A

Parathyroid Glands

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27
Q

There are two right and two left, superior and inferior

A

Parathyroid Glands

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28
Q

Each gland measures 6 mm or 0.25 inches in vertical diameter

A

Parathyroid Glands

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29
Q

Parathyroid Glands hormones

A

parathormone or parathyroid hormone

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30
Q

regulation of calcium metabolism, and its concentration in blood and tissues, especially in bones

A

parathormone or parathyroid hormone (Parathyroid Glands)

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31
Q

When calcium content is low, spasms (tetany) of the muscles or convulsions may occur

A

parathormone or parathyroid hormone

32
Q

A mixed gland with exocrine and endocrine parts

A

Pancreas

33
Q

Pancreas hormones

A

insulin and glucagon

34
Q

stimulates body cells to use up (burn) glucose to produce energy, and promotes its storage in the liver, thus regulating the blood sugar concentration

A

Insulin

35
Q

is said to have an opposite effect, promoting the release of glucose from the liver thus raising the blood sugar level

A

Glucagon

36
Q

They are flat caplike structures and lie upon the upper end of the corresponding kidney

A

Suprarenal or Adrenal Glands

37
Q

Each measures about 3 to 5 cm (or 1.2 to 2 inches) in diameter

A

Suprarenal or Adrenal Glands

38
Q

is a double gland consisting of a medulla and cortex

A

Suprarenal or Adrenal Glands

39
Q

is the central part

A

medulla

40
Q

marrow

A

medulla

41
Q

Suprarenal or Adrenal Glands hormones

A 
o	Adrenalin (e) or epinephrine
o	Noradrenalin (e) or norepinephrine
42
Q

cause an increase in the rate of the heartbeat, and a cause contraction of blood vessels thus raising the blood pressure.

A

o Adrenaline or epinephrine
o Noradrenaline or norepinephrine
(Suprarenal or Adrenal Glands)

43
Q

They cause dilatation of bronchi and are used to relieve the spasm of bronchial asthma

A

o Adrenaline or epinephrine
o Noradrenaline or norepinephrine
(Suprarenal or Adrenal Glands)

44
Q

Stress “fear, flight or fight” response

A

o Adrenaline or epinephrine
o Noradrenaline or norepinephrine
(Suprarenal or Adrenal Glands)

45
Q

outer part

A

cortex

46
Q

bark

A

cortex

47
Q

The hormones secreted by the suprarenal are named

A

corticoids, steroids, or corticosteroids

48
Q

because they are secreted by the cortex

A

corticoids

49
Q

because they were thought to resemble fats and have the steroid formula

A

steroids

50
Q

a combination of the other 2 names: corticoids, steroids

A

corticosteroids

51
Q

concerned with the metabolism of glucose, amino acids and fats

A

Glucocorticoids

52
Q

cortisone

A

fats

53
Q

that help to regulate the electrolyte (salt) balance of blood and tissues by promoting the reabsorption of water and sodium from the renal tubules of the kidneys (aldosterone)

A

Mineralocorticoids

54
Q

salt

A

electrolyte

55
Q

renal tubules of the kidneys

A

aldosterone

56
Q

female and male similar to the hormones secreted by the ovaries and testes, but in lesser amounts

A

Gonadal hormones

57
Q

Androgens

A

testosterone, androsterone

58
Q

Some hormones are secreted by the lining membrane of parts of the digestive tract

A
  • Gastrin
  • Secretin
  • Pancreozymin
  • Cholecystokinin
59
Q

These hormones may stimulate other digestive glands to secrete, to increase their secretion, or cause their ducts to contract and expel secretion

A
  • Gastrin
  • Secretin
  • Pancreozymin
  • Cholecystokinin
60
Q

fatty preparations or foods are fed to patients to empty the gall bladder

A

Cholagogues

61
Q

is a similar condition (of cretinism) that sometimes occurs at a later age

A

Myxodema

62
Q

The individual becomes mentally and physically slow, appears lazy, and becomes overweight

A

Myxodema

63
Q

is due to an over secretion of the hormones of the thyroid gland

A

Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s Disease or exophthalmic goiter)

64
Q

The thyroid enlarges and the disease is characterized by nervousness, tremors, sleeplessness, rapid heartbeat, loss of weight, protruding eyeballs, and a high basal metabolic rate

A

Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s Disease or exophthalmic goiter)

65
Q

refers to abnormally high linear growth

A

Gigantism

66
Q

is a disorder that occurs when your body makes too much growth hormone (GH)

A

Acromegaly

67
Q

is a condition caused by insufficient amounts of growth hormone in the body

A

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD), dwarfism or pituitary dwarfism

68
Q

is an enlargement of the thyroid gland

A

simple goiter

69
Q

is a severe deficiency of thyroid hormone in newborns

A

Congenital hypothyroidism, cretinism

70
Q

is a condition resulting from insufficient secretion of parathyroid hormone

A

Hypoparathyroidism

71
Q

It results in muscular spasms, twitchings, and sometimes convulsions due to low percentage of calcium in the circulation blood

A

Hypoparathyroidism

72
Q

is due to excessive secretion of the parathyroid hormone from a tumor, etc.

A

Hyperparathyroidism

73
Q

is a condition resulting from a decrease in hormones secreted by the cortex of suprarenal glands

A

Addison’s Disease

74
Q

There is muscular weakness, low blood pressure, and pigmentation of the skin

A

Addison’s Disease

75
Q

There is an increase in the sodium and water secretion by the kidneys

A

Addison’s Disease

76
Q

tumors in the cortex of the suprarenal gland

A

Cortical Tumors

RT 211 (23 decks)

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