12.1 The Endocrine Glands

Question 1

ductless glands or glands of internal secretions, are nests or clumps of cells having no ducts

Answer 1

Endocrine Glands

Question 2

a secretion manufactures by and endocrine gland and secreted directly into blood capillaries

Answer 2

Hormone

Question 3

these have two distinct parts, each secreting its own hormones

Answer 3

Double glands

Question 4

some glands have an endocrine part to secrete one or more hormones, and an exocrine part to secrete enzymes

Answer 4

Mixed glands

Question 5

some glands secrete more than one hormone

Answer 5

Glands with multiple functions

Question 6

is a term used to include the chemical changes that occur n body cells as a result of cellular activity

Answer 6

Metabolism

Question 7

is that of subject at rest

Answer 7

Basal metabolism

Question 8

lies within the cranial cavity, in the pituitary fossa of the sella turcica

Answer 8

Pituitary gland or hypophysis

Question 9

measures about 1.2 cm or 5 inches in diameter

Answer 9

Pituitary gland or hypophysis

Question 10

double gland

Answer 10

Pituitary gland or hypophysis

Question 11

is derived from a pouch of the third ventricle of the brain, hence the name ______

Answer 11

Posterior lobe,

neurohypophysis

Question 12

stimulates the muscle of the uterus to contract during childbirth

Answer 12

Oxytocin or Pitocin

Question 13

stimulates the reabsorption of water from the renal tubules, thus decreasing urinary output

Answer 13

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin

Question 14

It also stimulates contraction of the involuntary muscles of the intestine, bronchi, and blood vessels

Answer 14

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin

Question 15

is derived from a pouch of the mouth of the fetus

Answer 15

Anterior lobe

Question 16

Anterior lobe alternate name

Answer 16

Adenohypophysis

Question 17

Adenohypophysis has two type of cells

Answer 17

acidophils and basophils

Question 18

It hormones have been names trophic hormones or tropic hormones perform because they stimulate the other endocrine glands to perform their functions (trophic = to nourish)

Answer 18

Adenohypophysis or Anterior lobe

Question 19

lies within the cranial cavity, in the midline posterior to the midbrain

Answer 19

Pineal gland or body

Question 20

It is minute structure of unknown function with a secretion that has not been isolated

Answer 20

Pineal gland or body

Question 21

Two lobes, a right and left lying in the anterior neck

Answer 21

Thyroid Gland

Question 22

Each lobe is about 5 cm or 2 inches in vertical length

Answer 22

Thyroid Gland

Question 23

Thyroid Gland hormones

Answer 23

Thyroxine and tetraiodothyronine

Question 24

These contain iodine that is obtained from water and food consumption

Answer 24

Thyroid Gland

Question 25

to promote mental and physical development in the young

Answer 25

Thyroxine and tetraiodothyronine (Thyroid Gland)

Question 26

Four small bean shaped bodies that lie in the neck posterior to the thyroid gland

Answer 26

Parathyroid Glands

Question 27

There are two right and two left, superior and inferior

Answer 27

Parathyroid Glands

Question 28

Each gland measures 6 mm or 0.25 inches in vertical diameter

Answer 28

Parathyroid Glands

Question 29

Parathyroid Glands hormones

Answer 29

parathormone or parathyroid hormone

Question 30

regulation of calcium metabolism, and its concentration in blood and tissues, especially in bones

Answer 30

parathormone or parathyroid hormone (Parathyroid Glands)

Question 31

When calcium content is low, spasms (tetany) of the muscles or convulsions may occur

Answer 31

parathormone or parathyroid hormone

Question 32

A mixed gland with exocrine and endocrine parts

Answer 32

Pancreas

Question 33

Pancreas hormones

Answer 33

insulin and glucagon

Question 34

stimulates body cells to use up (burn) glucose to produce energy, and promotes its storage in the liver, thus regulating the blood sugar concentration

Answer 34

Insulin

Question 35

is said to have an opposite effect, promoting the release of glucose from the liver thus raising the blood sugar level

Answer 35

Glucagon

Question 36

They are flat caplike structures and lie upon the upper end of the corresponding kidney

Answer 36

Suprarenal or Adrenal Glands

Question 37

Each measures about 3 to 5 cm (or 1.2 to 2 inches) in diameter

Answer 37

Suprarenal or Adrenal Glands

Question 38

is a double gland consisting of a medulla and cortex

Answer 38

Suprarenal or Adrenal Glands

Question 39

is the central part

Answer 39

medulla

Question 40

marrow

Answer 40

medulla

Question 41

Suprarenal or Adrenal Glands hormones

Answer 41

``` o Adrenalin (e) or epinephrine o Noradrenalin (e) or norepinephrine ```

Question 42

cause an increase in the rate of the heartbeat, and a cause contraction of blood vessels thus raising the blood pressure.

Answer 42

o Adrenaline or epinephrine o Noradrenaline or norepinephrine (Suprarenal or Adrenal Glands)

Question 43

They cause dilatation of bronchi and are used to relieve the spasm of bronchial asthma

Answer 43

o Adrenaline or epinephrine o Noradrenaline or norepinephrine (Suprarenal or Adrenal Glands)

Question 44

Stress “fear, flight or fight” response

Answer 44

o Adrenaline or epinephrine o Noradrenaline or norepinephrine (Suprarenal or Adrenal Glands)

Question 45

outer part

Answer 45

cortex

Question 46

bark

Answer 46

cortex

Question 47

The hormones secreted by the suprarenal are named

Answer 47

corticoids, steroids, or corticosteroids

Question 48

because they are secreted by the cortex

Answer 48

corticoids

Question 49

because they were thought to resemble fats and have the steroid formula

Answer 49

steroids

Question 50

a combination of the other 2 names: corticoids, steroids

Answer 50

corticosteroids

Question 51

concerned with the metabolism of glucose, amino acids and fats

Answer 51

Glucocorticoids

Question 52

cortisone

Answer 52

fats

Question 53

that help to regulate the electrolyte (salt) balance of blood and tissues by promoting the reabsorption of water and sodium from the renal tubules of the kidneys (aldosterone)

Answer 53

Mineralocorticoids

Question 54

salt

Answer 54

electrolyte

Question 55

renal tubules of the kidneys

Answer 55

aldosterone

Question 56

female and male similar to the hormones secreted by the ovaries and testes, but in lesser amounts

Answer 56

Gonadal hormones

Question 57

Androgens

Answer 57

testosterone, androsterone

Question 58

Some hormones are secreted by the lining membrane of parts of the digestive tract

Answer 58

- Gastrin - Secretin - Pancreozymin - Cholecystokinin

Question 59

These hormones may stimulate other digestive glands to secrete, to increase their secretion, or cause their ducts to contract and expel secretion

Answer 59

- Gastrin - Secretin - Pancreozymin - Cholecystokinin

Question 60

fatty preparations or foods are fed to patients to empty the gall bladder

Answer 60

Cholagogues

Question 61

is a similar condition (of cretinism) that sometimes occurs at a later age

Answer 61

Myxodema

Question 62

The individual becomes mentally and physically slow, appears lazy, and becomes overweight

Answer 62

Myxodema

Question 63

is due to an over secretion of the hormones of the thyroid gland

Answer 63

Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s Disease or exophthalmic goiter)

Question 64

The thyroid enlarges and the disease is characterized by nervousness, tremors, sleeplessness, rapid heartbeat, loss of weight, protruding eyeballs, and a high basal metabolic rate

Answer 64

Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s Disease or exophthalmic goiter)

Question 65

refers to abnormally high linear growth

Answer 65

Gigantism

Question 66

is a disorder that occurs when your body makes too much growth hormone (GH)

Answer 66

Acromegaly

Question 67

is a condition caused by insufficient amounts of growth hormone in the body

Answer 67

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD), dwarfism or pituitary dwarfism

Question 68

is an enlargement of the thyroid gland

Answer 68

simple goiter

Question 69

is a severe deficiency of thyroid hormone in newborns

Answer 69

Congenital hypothyroidism, cretinism

Question 70

is a condition resulting from insufficient secretion of parathyroid hormone

Answer 70

Hypoparathyroidism

Question 71

It results in muscular spasms, twitchings, and sometimes convulsions due to low percentage of calcium in the circulation blood

Answer 71

Hypoparathyroidism

Question 72

is due to excessive secretion of the parathyroid hormone from a tumor, etc.

Answer 72

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 73

is a condition resulting from a decrease in hormones secreted by the cortex of suprarenal glands

Answer 73

Addison’s Disease

Question 74

There is muscular weakness, low blood pressure, and pigmentation of the skin

Answer 74

Addison’s Disease

Question 75

There is an increase in the sodium and water secretion by the kidneys

Answer 75

Addison’s Disease

Question 76

tumors in the cortex of the suprarenal gland

Answer 76

Cortical Tumors