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RT 211 > 2.2 Introduction to Bones and Joints > Flashcards

2.2 Introduction to Bones and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

a bone

A

Os

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2
Q

plural and adjective of Os

A

Ossa, osseous

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3
Q

a little bone

A

Ossicle

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4
Q

to form bones

A

Ossify

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5
Q

a deposit of calcium, not the formation of bone

A

Calcification

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6
Q

a wing

A

Ala

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7
Q

rounder knoblike projection of knuckle

A

Condyle

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8
Q

a horn

A

Cornu

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9
Q

a narrow ridge of bone

A

Crest

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10
Q

plural of cornua

A

Cornu

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11
Q

plural of crest

A

crista

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12
Q

a bony projection on or above a condyle

A

Epicondyle

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13
Q

a small hammer, a rounded bony prominence;

A

Malleolus

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14
Q

plural of Malleolus

A

malleoli

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15
Q

any definite or marked bony prominence

A

Process

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16
Q

a sharp slender process

A

Spine or spinous process

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17
Q

a sharp slender process

A

Styloid process

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18
Q

a very large rounded process

A

Trochanter

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19
Q

a small rounder process

A

Tubercle

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20
Q

a large rounded process

A

Tuberosity

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21
Q

a small pit or depression

A

Fovea

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22
Q

smooth articular surface

A

Facet

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23
Q

an older term for smooth articular surface of vertebrae

A

Facet

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24
Q

FUNCTIONS OF BONES

A
  • Protection
  • Support and framework
  • Levers
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25
Q

Types of bones

A
  • Long bones
  • Short bones
  • Flat bones
  • Irregular bones
  • Sesamoid bones
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26
Q

Humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula

A

Long bones

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27
Q

metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges of the limbs

A

Miniature long bones

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28
Q

Carpal and tarsal bones

A

Short bones

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29
Q

Skull, scapula, ribs, sternum

A

Flat bones

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30
Q

Vertebrae, bones at the base of the skull

A

Irregular bones

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31
Q

a membrane that covers all bones with the exception of the articular surfaces

A

Periosteum

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32
Q

dense closely knit bone resembling ivory, made up of compact Haversian system

A

Compact bone or Cortical bone

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33
Q

porous loosely-knit bone similar in appearance to a sponge, or honeycomb or latticework

A

Spongy or cancellous bone

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34
Q

is a central cavity extending longitudinally in the shafts of long bones

A

Medullary cavity or marrow cavity

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35
Q

membrane that lines the medullary cavities of a long bones

A

Endosteum

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36
Q

It contains bone marrow

A

Medullary cavity or marrow cavity

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37
Q

tissue occupying the medullary cavities of long bones and the spaces in spongy bone

A

Bone marrow

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38
Q

2 Types of Bone marrow

A
  • Red bone marrow

- Yellow bone marrow

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39
Q

become mature to become red bone marrow

A

Yellow bone marrow

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40
Q

small opening in the periosteum and open into a nutrient canal

A

Nutrient foramen

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41
Q

It carries a nerve and artery into bone, and provides a passage for veins and lymphatics

A

Nutrient foramen

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42
Q

are consists of thin layers of compact bone lie adjacent to the periosteum covering the external and internal surfaces

A

Flat bones

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43
Q

A layer of spongy bone called the _____ lies between the two compact layers

44
Q

development of bones

A

Ossification

45
Q

2 Types of Ossification

A
  • Intracartilaginous

* Intramembranous

46
Q

the cartilage in the shafts of long bones and in the bodies of some other bones is replaced by bone while the fetus is still within the uterus

A

Intracartilaginous Ossification

47
Q

group of bone cells that make their appearance in the center of the bodies of long and other bones

A

Primary center of ossification

48
Q

part of bones formed from a primary center of ossification and includes the body or shaft

49
Q

group of bones that makes its appearance in the end of a bone, or in a bony prominence

A

Secondary center of ossification

50
Q

the part formed from one or more secondary centers of ossification

A

Epiphyseal cartilage

51
Q

is a layer of cartilage between a diaphysis and epiphysis of bone, that persist during the growing period

A

Epiphyseal cartilage

52
Q

the end of diaphysis adjacent to an epiphyseal cartilage

A

Metaphysis

53
Q

occurs in the bones of the vault of the skull that form first as membranes

A

Intramembranous Ossification

54
Q

by the division of these bone cells the membrane is replaced by bone except for the suture

A

Intramembranous Ossification

55
Q

a joint

A

Articulation, Arthrosis, Junctura

56
Q

Latin word for articulation

A

articulatio

57
Q

Greek word for articulation

58
Q

movement away or across the medial line of the body

59
Q

movement towards or across the median line of the body

60
Q

the movement of bending

61
Q

the movement of straightening or stretching out

62
Q

the movement of turning a part to face towards the medial lines

63
Q

the movement of turning a part away from the median line

64
Q

the movement of turning a part in one axis

65
Q

movement in a circular direction about a cone shaped axis

A

Circumduction

66
Q

bending backwards for hands

A

Dorsiflexion

67
Q

bending backwards for feet

A

Plantarflexion

68
Q

extension beyond the normal limit

A

Hyperextension

69
Q

flexion beyond the normal

A

Hyperflexion

70
Q

bending around

A

Circumflexion

71
Q

forcibly inverting, beyond normal

A

Forced inversion

72
Q

turning inwards in 1 axis

A

Internal rotation

73
Q

turning outwards in 1 axis

A

External rotation

74
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS

A
  • Fibrous Joints
  • Cartilaginous Joints
  • Synovial Joints
75
Q

have a layer of fibrous tissue between the bone ends forming the joint

A

Fibrous Joints

76
Q

have cartilage on the adjacent bone ends with a plate or disc of fibrocartilage uniting the two together

A

Cartilaginous Joints

77
Q

have a joint cavity between the bone ends and are held together by a capsule surrounding the joint

A

Synovial Joints

78
Q

are the ends of the bones forming a joint

A

Articular surfaces

79
Q

cover the bone ends and adjacent bone margins

A

Articular cartilages

80
Q

a membrane that surrounds the joint

A

Articular capsule

81
Q

forms the lining for the joint cavity. It does not cover the articular cartilages

A

Inner Synovial membrane

82
Q

It secretes a fluid that lubricates the joints

A

Inner Synovial membrane

83
Q

composed of fibrous tissue pass from one bone across the joint to the other bone, inside or outside the capsule

84
Q

composed of fibrous tissue pass from one bone across the joint to the other bone, inside or outside the capsule

85
Q

frequently cross the joint and tend to give additional support

86
Q

closed sac of synovial tissue that lies between a muscle or tendon and an adjacent bone or bony prominence

87
Q

forms articular cartilages at joints, costal cartilages, nasal and laryngeal cartilages, and the ring-like cartilages of the trachea bronchi

A

Hyaline Cartilage

88
Q

forms articular discs at some joints such as the intervertebral discs, semi-lunar cartilages at knee joint, and discs at the wrist, symphysis pubis, TMJ, acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints

A

Fibrocartilage

89
Q

forms epiglottis, cartilages of the external ear and auditory tube

A

Elastic Cartilage

90
Q

are those that have flat or slightly curved articular surfaces that slide over each other during movement

A

Gliding joints

91
Q

carpal and tarsal joints, joints between articular processes of vertebrae

A

Gliding joints

92
Q

pulley-shaped surface

93
Q

have trochlea (pulley-shaped surface) fitting a concave surface to allow an angular motion similar to a hinge

A

Hinge joints

94
Q

lower end of humerus and the ulna at the elbow, interphalangeal joints

A

Hinge joints

95
Q

knuckle-like process

96
Q

have condyle (knuckle-like process) fitting into a concave surface, allowing flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction

A

Condylar joints

97
Q

metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints

A

Condylar joints

98
Q

adjacent bone ends are shaped like a western saddle, convex in one direction and concave in the other

A

Saddle joints

99
Q

this allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction

A

Saddle joints

100
Q

carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

A

Saddle joints

101
Q

are those in which a rounded bone end is encircled by a ring of cartilage or bone so that there is rotation or turning on one axis

A

Pivot joints

102
Q

joint between the 1st cervical vertebra and tooth-like dens of the second, and the proximal radioulnar joint at elbow

A

Pivot joints

103
Q

have a globelike end or head fitting into a cup-shaped cavity

A

Ball and socket joints

104
Q

this allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction

A

Ball and socket joints

105
Q

shoulder and hip joints

A

Ball and socket joints

106
Q

CONGENITAL ANOMALIES: DEVELOPING BONES

A
  • A secondary center of ossification may not unite with the body of a bone but may remain as a separate entity throughout life
  • A bone may more secondary centers of ossifications than usual
  • A secondary center may not unite with the body of the bone to which it belongs but to an adjacent bone

RT 211 (23 decks)

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