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RT 211 > 2.1 The Skin > Flashcards

2.1 The Skin Flashcards

1
Q

5 Epidermis Layers

A
  • Horny layer – stratum corneum
  • Clear or translucent layer – stratum lucidum
  • Granular layer – stratum granulosum
  • Prickle cell layer – stratum spinosum
  • Germinal or basal layer – stratum germinativum
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2
Q

2 Dermis Layers

A
  • Papillary layer – stratum papillare

- Reticular layer – stratum reticulare

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3
Q

outer layer

A

Epidermis

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4
Q

it is also called squamous since superficial layers of cells have become flat and scaly

A

Epidermis

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5
Q

composed of several thicknesses of degenerated cells that have become mere scales with no cellular structure

A

Horny layer or outer layer

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6
Q

consists of tiers of cells that have lost their nuclei and cellular outlines die to the degenerative process

A

Translucent or clear layer

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7
Q

composed of two or three tiers of flattened cells containing granules

A

Granular layer

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8
Q

consists of several tiers of many-sided cells

A

Prickle cell layer

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9
Q

consists of a layer of columnar cells that forms the deepest part of the epidermis

A

Germinal or basal cell layer

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10
Q

contain a pigment that determines the darkness of skin

A

Germinal or basal cell layer

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11
Q

corium, or true skin

A

Dermis

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12
Q

it is composed of loose (areolar) connective tissue with widely separated cells, with fibrous bands and elastic tissue fibers between

A

Dermis

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13
Q

its outer surface is elevated into tiny projections with hollows between them

A

Papillary layer

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14
Q

the cells and fibers form an interlacing network

A

Reticular layer

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15
Q

blood vessels and nerves pass through this layer to reach the papillary layer

A

Reticular layer

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16
Q

APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN

A
  • Nails
  • Hair
  • Sebaceous glands
  • Sweat or sudoriferous glands
  • Ceruminous glands
17
Q

clear layer has thickened to form a hard protective covering

A

Nail

18
Q

stratum lucidum

A

Nail

19
Q

proximal part that is covered by a fold of skin, and hidden from view

A

Nail root

20
Q

exposed part, with its free edge projecting over the tip of the digit

A

Body of the nail

21
Q

is the white part of the nail body, shaped like a half-moon close to the nail root

A

Lunula

22
Q

outer horny layer of epidermis at the base of the nail that tends to grow out over the nail body

A

Eponychium

23
Q

modification of the epidermis

A

Hair

24
Q

a small canal opening upon the skin surface and extending down the dermis or even the subcutaneous tissue

A

Hair follicle

25
Q

part below the skin level lying in a hair follicle

A

Root of a hair

26
Q

inner enlarged end of each hair root

A

The bulb

27
Q

small secreting glands that lie beside and open into hair follicles

A

Sebaceous gland

28
Q

Sebaceous gland secretes oily substance called _____

A

sebum

29
Q

lubricates hair and skin

A

Sebaceous gland

30
Q

simple tubelike glands consisting of a single canal or duct, and a coiled secreting part

A

Sweat or Sudoriferous glands

31
Q

secrete watery solution containing sodium chloride and minute quantities of other waste products including urea

A

Sweat or Sudoriferous glands

32
Q

modified sweat glands located in the external ear that secrete wax into the external acoustic (auditory meatus)

A

Ceruminous glands

33
Q

consists of areolar (loose connective tissue) forms a layer between the skin and such structures as muscles, bones, or organs that lie deep to the skin

A

Subcutaneous tissue

34
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKINS

A
  • Protective covering to prevent injury or destruction of underlying tissues
  • Excretes water and some waste products
  • Helps regulate body temperature
  • Contains sensory receptors of sensory nerves, and transmit to the brain, sensations of the external environment
35
Q

glands are organized units of epithelial cells that extract raw materials from capillaries and intercellular spaces and manufacture new substances or secretions

A

Secreting glands

36
Q

secretes substance into the bloodstream (hormones)

A

Endocrine glands

37
Q

secretes substances onto a surface, usually through a duct (enzyme)

A

Exocrine glands

38
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF EXOCRINE GLANDS

A
  • Simple tubular gland
  • Branched tubular gland
  • Simple saccular or alveolar gland
  • Branched saccular or alveolar gland
  • Combined tubualveolar gland

RT 211 (23 decks)

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