2.1 The Skin

Question 1

5 Epidermis Layers

Answer 1

• Horny layer – stratum corneum
• Clear or translucent layer – stratum lucidum
• Granular layer – stratum granulosum
• Prickle cell layer – stratum spinosum
• Germinal or basal layer – stratum germinativum

Question 2

2 Dermis Layers

Answer 2

• Papillary layer – stratum papillare

- Reticular layer – stratum reticulare

Question 3

outer layer

Answer 3

Epidermis

Question 4

it is also called squamous since superficial layers of cells have become flat and scaly

Answer 4

Epidermis

Question 5

composed of several thicknesses of degenerated cells that have become mere scales with no cellular structure

Answer 5

Horny layer or outer layer

Question 6

consists of tiers of cells that have lost their nuclei and cellular outlines die to the degenerative process

Answer 6

Translucent or clear layer

Question 7

composed of two or three tiers of flattened cells containing granules

Answer 7

Granular layer

Question 8

consists of several tiers of many-sided cells

Answer 8

Prickle cell layer

Question 9

consists of a layer of columnar cells that forms the deepest part of the epidermis

Answer 9

Germinal or basal cell layer

Question 10

contain a pigment that determines the darkness of skin

Answer 10

Germinal or basal cell layer

Question 11

corium, or true skin

Answer 11

Dermis

Question 12

it is composed of loose (areolar) connective tissue with widely separated cells, with fibrous bands and elastic tissue fibers between

Answer 12

Dermis

Question 13

its outer surface is elevated into tiny projections with hollows between them

Answer 13

Papillary layer

Question 14

the cells and fibers form an interlacing network

Answer 14

Reticular layer

Question 15

blood vessels and nerves pass through this layer to reach the papillary layer

Answer 15

Reticular layer

Question 16

APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN

Answer 16

• Nails
• Hair
• Sebaceous glands
• Sweat or sudoriferous glands
• Ceruminous glands

Question 17

clear layer has thickened to form a hard protective covering

Answer 17

Nail

Question 18

stratum lucidum

Answer 18

Nail

Question 19

proximal part that is covered by a fold of skin, and hidden from view

Answer 19

Nail root

Question 20

exposed part, with its free edge projecting over the tip of the digit

Answer 20

Body of the nail

Question 21

is the white part of the nail body, shaped like a half-moon close to the nail root

Answer 21

Lunula

Question 22

outer horny layer of epidermis at the base of the nail that tends to grow out over the nail body

Answer 22

Eponychium

Question 23

modification of the epidermis

Answer 23

Hair

Question 24

a small canal opening upon the skin surface and extending down the dermis or even the subcutaneous tissue

Answer 24

Hair follicle

Question 25

part below the skin level lying in a hair follicle

Answer 25

Root of a hair

Question 26

inner enlarged end of each hair root

Answer 26

The bulb

Question 27

small secreting glands that lie beside and open into hair follicles

Answer 27

Sebaceous gland

Question 28

Sebaceous gland secretes oily substance called _____

Answer 28

sebum

Question 29

lubricates hair and skin

Answer 29

Sebaceous gland

Question 30

simple tubelike glands consisting of a single canal or duct, and a coiled secreting part

Answer 30

Sweat or Sudoriferous glands

Question 31

secrete watery solution containing sodium chloride and minute quantities of other waste products including urea

Answer 31

Sweat or Sudoriferous glands

Question 32

modified sweat glands located in the external ear that secrete wax into the external acoustic (auditory meatus)

Answer 32

Ceruminous glands

Question 33

consists of areolar (loose connective tissue) forms a layer between the skin and such structures as muscles, bones, or organs that lie deep to the skin

Answer 33

Subcutaneous tissue

Question 34

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKINS

Answer 34

* Protective covering to prevent injury or destruction of underlying tissues * Excretes water and some waste products * Helps regulate body temperature * Contains sensory receptors of sensory nerves, and transmit to the brain, sensations of the external environment

Question 35

glands are organized units of epithelial cells that extract raw materials from capillaries and intercellular spaces and manufacture new substances or secretions

Answer 35

Secreting glands

Question 36

secretes substance into the bloodstream (hormones)

Answer 36

Endocrine glands

Question 37

secretes substances onto a surface, usually through a duct (enzyme)

Answer 37

Exocrine glands

Question 38

CLASSIFICATION OF EXOCRINE GLANDS

Answer 38

* Simple tubular gland * Branched tubular gland * Simple saccular or alveolar gland * Branched saccular or alveolar gland * Combined tubualveolar gland