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RT 211 > 8. The Respiratory System > Flashcards

8. The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Has been designed to take oxygen into the body, and get rid of carbon dioxide and some other waste products of bodily activity

A

Respiratory System

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2
Q

2 chambers of the nose

A

Nasal cavities

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3
Q

lies posterior to the nasal cavities, mouth, and larynx

A

The Pharynx or throat

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4
Q

projects posteriorly from the hard palate

A

Soft palate

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5
Q

canal between the nasal pharynx and middle ear, opens into the lateral side of the nasal pharynx

A

Auditory tube

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6
Q

are located on the posterior wall of the nasal pharynx

A

Adenoids

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7
Q

is a flat leaflike plate of cartilage

A

Epiglottis

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8
Q

masses of lymphoid tissue

A

Tonsils

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9
Q

organ of voice or voice box

A

Larynx

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10
Q

is a triangular boxlike structure that lies in the anterior part of the neck

A

Larynx

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11
Q

compose of 2 flat plates of cartilage placed vertically and joined together at the midline anteriorly

A

Thyroid cartilage

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12
Q

is shaped like a signet ring. It encircles the larynx below the thyroid cartilage

A

Cricoid cartilage

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13
Q

are paired folds of the lining membrane of the larynx that extend medially from each sidewall of the larynx towards the midline

A

Vocal folds

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14
Q

is the slitlike opening between the vocal folds

A

Glottis

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15
Q

is a hollow tube 11 cm or about 4.5 inches in length extending from the larynx above to bronchi below. Consists of 16 to 20 incomplete ring

A

Trachea or windpipe

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16
Q

are hollow branched tubes continuous above with the trachea

A

Bronchi

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17
Q

is a ridge of cartilage between the openings from the trachea into right and left main bronchi.

A

Carina

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18
Q

Bifurcation of the trachea

A

Carina

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19
Q

are formed by the division of the smallest bronchi

A

Bronchioles

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20
Q

smallest bronchioles that leads into the air sacs of the lungs

A

Respiratory bronchioles

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21
Q

soft tissue study

A

Pharyngography

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22
Q

The lungs are divided into

A

lobes – segments – alveolar sacs – alveoli

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23
Q

the upper bluntly pointed end, and reaches one inch above the clavicle

A

Apex

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24
Q

the broad lower end is concave and rests upon the upper convex surface of the diaphragm

A

Base

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25
Q

is a depression or indention on the medial surface of each lung where the structures enter or leave the lung

A

Hilum

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26
Q

consists of structures entering or leaving the lungs at the hila, the blood vessels and the main bronchi

A

Roots

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27
Q

of the lung is that surface that lies adjacent to the ribs and cartilages

A

Costal surface

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28
Q

surface of the lungs that is the part in contact with the diaphragm

A

Diaphragmatic surface

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29
Q

surface of the lungs in contact with the mediastinum

A

Mediastinal surface

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30
Q

are narrow grooves or slits that divide the lung into lobes

A

Fissures

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31
Q

can be traced around the chest wall from the 5th thoracic vertebrae behind, obliquely downwards, and forward to the anterior end of the 6th rib

A

Oblique fissures

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32
Q

begins at the axillary border of the right lung

A

Horizontal fissure

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33
Q

are the structural units of the lungs, each with its segmental bronchus, segmental artery and vein

A

Pulmonary segments

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34
Q

a cup-shaped microscopic structures that with many other similar structures form the wall of an alveolar or air sac

A

Alveolus

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35
Q

a small tub or cavity

A

alveolus

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36
Q

Functional unit of the lung

A

alveolus

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37
Q

is the expanded saclike cavity opening from a small division (alveolar duct) of a respiratory bronchiole

A

Alveolar sac or air sac

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38
Q

includes a respiratory bronchiole, its alveolar ducts, their alveolar sacs and alveoli, and the blood vessels of this unit

A

Lobules of the lungs

39
Q

Each ___ is a small division of a pulmonary segment

40
Q

forms the lining membrane of the chest and the covering of each lung

41
Q

It is a serous membrane similar to the pericardium and peritoneum, and secretes a thin watery fluid

42
Q

covers each lung except at the root

A

Visceral pleura (NA. pulmonary pleura)

43
Q

lines the chest cavity on each side

A

Parietal pleura

44
Q

that part of the parietal pleura on the upper surface of the diaphragm

A

Diaphragmatic pleura

45
Q

is the parietal pleura that lines the rib cage

A

Costal pleura

46
Q

is the parietal pleura on each lateral surface of the mediastinum

A

Mediastinal pleura

47
Q

is the space between the lung and the chest wall

A

Pleural cavity

48
Q

a narrow space where the inner surface of the lower chest wall and the diaphragm are in contact

A

Costophrenic sinus or recess (NA. costodiaphragmatic recess)

49
Q

OT. Pulmonary artery

A

Pulmonary Trunk

50
Q

They form capillaries about the alveoli for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

Pulmonary arteries – 1 Rt. and 1 Lt

51
Q

• They furnish nutrients to the respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs

A

Pulmonary arteries – 1 Rt. and 1 Lt

52
Q

origin – Rt. ventricle

A

Pulmonary arteries, rt. and lt. lobar, segmental, smaller branches and lung capillaries

53
Q

termination in left atrium

A

Pulmonary veins – 2 rt. and 2 lt. tributaries

54
Q

1 rt. and 2 lt

A

Bronchial arteries

55
Q

Respiration process is repeated about __ times per minute, and is controlled by impulses from the respiratory center in the _____. Carbon dioxide circulating in the blood stimulates this center

A

18,

hindbrain

56
Q

the volume of air that can be expelled (breathed out) from the lungs by forced expiration, following the greatest possible inspiration, is _____

A

Vital Capacity,

3500 to 4800 ml

57
Q

the volume of air that is breathed in or out during normal quiet inspiration or expiration: ____

A

Tidal Air,

500 ml

58
Q

the extra volume of air that can be inspired following a normal inspiration: _____

A

Inspiratory reserve volume – (complemental),

1500 to 2000 ml

59
Q

the volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs following a normal expiration: _____

A

Expiratory reserve volume – (supplemental),

1500 ml

60
Q

the amount of air that remains in the lungs following a forced expiration, that cannot be expelled is _____

A

Residual Volume,

1200 to 1500 ml

61
Q

Functions of the Respiratory System

A
  • To supply oxygen to the blood
  • To get rid of accumulated carbon dioxide
  • To get rid of some moisture (water)
  • To get rid of some waste products
62
Q

middle partition

A

Mediastinum

63
Q

Is a vertical partition located in the median plane of the chest and separating the lungs from each other

A

Mediastinum

64
Q

Right Lung Upper Lobe

A
  • Apical (1)
  • Posterior (2)
  • Anterior (3)
65
Q

Left Lung Upper Lobe

A
  • Apical posterior (1&2)
  • Anterior (3)
  • Superior lingual (4)
  • Inferior lingual (5)
66
Q

Right Lung Middle Lobe

A
  • Lateral (4)

- Medial (5)

67
Q

Right Lung Lower Lobe

A
  • Superior (6)
  • Medial basal (7)
  • Anterior basal (8)
  • Lateral basal (9)
  • Posterior basal (10)
68
Q

Left Lung Lower Lobe

A
  • Superior (6)
  • Medial basal (7)
  • Anterior basal (8)
  • Lateral basal (9)
  • Posterior basal (10)
69
Q

is divided into superior part, and inferior part. The inferior part is further divided into anterior, middle, and posterior parts

A

mediastinum

70
Q

no lung, lungs has not formed

A

Agenesis (aplasia is similar)

71
Q

production

72
Q

underdevelopment

A

Hypoplasia

73
Q

hollow cavities filled with fluid

74
Q

the main or other bronchus or trachea communicates with the esophagus

A

Broncheoesophageal fistula

75
Q

collapse of the whole or part of a lung from obstruction of a bronchus

A

Atelectasis

76
Q

the dilatation of the bronchus

A

Bronchiectasis

77
Q

inflammation of the bronchus

A

Bronchitis

78
Q

inflammation of trachea and bronchi

A

Tracheobronchitis

79
Q

inflammation of the larynx

A

Laryngitis

80
Q

inflammation of the lung

A

Pneumonitis

81
Q

inflammation of part of a lobe or segment

A

Bronchopneumonia

82
Q

inflammation of one or more lobes by a specific microorganism

A

Lobar pneumonia

83
Q

inflammation due to virus

A

Virus – pneumonia

84
Q

inflammation of the pleura

85
Q

fluid in the pleural cavity

A

Pleural effusion

86
Q

pus in the pleural cavity

87
Q

blood in the pleural cavity

A

Hemothorax

88
Q

fluid walled off in a part of the pleural cavity

A

Encapsulated empyema or effusion

89
Q

an opening is made into the trachea in the neck anteriorly so the air may pass into the lungs

A

Tracheotomy

90
Q

one of the pulmonary lobes is removed

91
Q

an entire lung is removed

A

Pneumonectomy

92
Q

a lung segment is removed

A

Segmental resection

93
Q

the ribs are cut through in several places and flattened in order to cause collapse of a lung

A

Thoracoplasty

94
Q

insertion of a hollow needle through the chest wall into the pleural cavity to remove air or fluid

A

Thoracocentesis

RT 211 (23 decks)

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