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RT 211 > 11. The Nervous System > Flashcards

11. The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial Nerves pairs

A

12 pairs

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2
Q

Spinal Nerves pairs

A 
31 pairs
o	Cervical Nerves – 8 pairs
o	Thoracic Nerves – 12 pairs
o	Lumbar Nerves - 5 pairs
o	Sacral Nerves – 5 pairs
o	Coccygeal Nerves – 1 pair
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3
Q

is a nerve cell that conducts impulses towards or into the spinal cord, or up the spinal cord to the brain

A

Sensory neuron – or an afferent neuron

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4
Q

is a nerve cell that carries impulses from the brain down to the spinal cord, or from the cord to muscles or secreting glands, or directly from the brain to muscle or to a gland

A

Motor neuron – or an efferent neuron

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5
Q

is the point of contact of the axon of one nerve with the Dendron of another neuron

A

Synapse

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6
Q

is a structure at the free end of an axon or Dendron designed to pass on or pick up impulses or sensations

A

Endorgan

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7
Q

is an endorgan at the outer end of a Dendron of a sensory neuron that picks up sensations

A

Receptor

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8
Q

is an endorgan at the distal end of an axon of a motor neuron. It may be a plate on a muscle fiber carrying impulses for contraction, or minute delicate branching fibers about the secreting cells of gland that stimulate secretion

A

Effector

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9
Q

is a group of nerve cell bodies of the spinal cord or brain

A

Ganglion

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10
Q

is a group of cell bodies within the brain and spinal cord

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

is a group of nerve cell bodies concerned with some specific function

A

Center

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12
Q

consists of nerve, fibers, axons and dendrites

A

White matter

and are white in color

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13
Q

is made up of the nerve cell bodies and some processes.

A

Gray matter

It appears darker than the white matter

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14
Q

is a network of cell processes

A

Plexus

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15
Q

are large columns of nerve fibers that pass up and down the spinal cord or brain

A

Funiculi

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16
Q

are bundles of nerve fibers, and parts of funiculi in close contact with each other that pass up or down the spinal cord

A

Tracts

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17
Q

is that property of nerves that renders them responsive to stimuli such as heat, cold, etc.

A

Irritability

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18
Q

is the ability to convey impulses, generated by stimuli, along the neurons. The impulse is carried in one direction – from dendrites to cell body – to axon – to synapse

A

Conductivity

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19
Q

function in communication and control

A

Nervous System

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20
Q

The 2 divisions of the nervous system

A

Central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system

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21
Q

The brain is further divided into the:

A

forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain

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22
Q

consists of the cerebrum and diencephalon or interbrain, or in between brain

A

Forebrain

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23
Q

includes two cerebral peduncles, and four small bodies, the corpora quadrigemina or colliculi

A

Midbrain

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24
Q

has a pons, medulla oblongata and cerebellum

A

Hindbrain

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25
Q

It occupies the entire cerebral cranium

A

brain

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26
Q

The ventricles of the brain are four cavities that lie within it:

A

the right lateral ventricle, and the left lateral ventricle, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle

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27
Q

are networks of veins in the wall of each ventricle. Special cells in these areas secrete the CSF into the ventricles

A

Choroid Plexuses

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28
Q

about 40 to 45 cm (16 to 18 inches) in length lies within the vertebral canal, which is formed by the vertebral foramina of the vertebrae and the ligaments between their arches

A

spinal cord

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29
Q

Four large bundles (funiculi)

A

spinal cord

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30
Q

are the coverings of the brain and spinal cord

A

meninges

31
Q

a small cavity – a belly

A

ventriculus

32
Q

spinal marrow

A

medulla spinalis

33
Q

They have their centers in midbrain, pons, and medulla

A

Cranial Nerves

34
Q

31 pairs connected to the spinal cord

A

Spinal Nerves

35
Q

There are 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal, right and left

A

Spinal Nerves

36
Q

Plexus of nerves

A
  • Cervical Plexus
  • Brachial Plexus
  • Thoracic Nerves
  • Lumbar Plexus
  • Sacral Plexus
37
Q

self + nomos = a law –a law unto itself or self-regulating

A

(G) autos

38
Q

is classified as a part of the peripheral nervous system

A

autonomic nervous system

39
Q

Its controlling centers however lie within the central nervous system, in the midbrain, pons, medulla and spinal cord

A

autonomic nervous system

40
Q

restricts it to motor or efferent nerves

A

autonomic

41
Q

autonomic nervous system

A
  • Contraction and dilation of all organs with visceral (involuntary) muscles in their walls
  • The rate of the heart beat
  • The activity of many secreting exocrine glands
42
Q

autonomic nervous system 2 divisions

A
  • Sympathetic nervous system

* Parasympathetic nervous system

43
Q

is the system that is active in emergencies

A

Sympathetic part

44
Q

The heart rate is increased, the BP becomes elevated, the bronchi dilated, and the digestive processes become arrested, etc.

A

Sympathetic part

45
Q

is concerned with the normal body functions, usually with reactions opposite to those of the sympathetic part

A

Parasympathetic part

46
Q

The heart is slowed, blood vessels dilate, blood pressure falls, and the digestive processes and glandular secretions are stimulated

A

Parasympathetic part

47
Q

In Sympathetic, pupil

A

dilates

48
Q

In Sympathetic, bronchi

A

dilates

49
Q

In Sympathetic, heart

A

speeds up

50
Q

In Sympathetic, stomach, intestine, GB and bile ducts

A

decrease peristalsis and contraction

51
Q

In Sympathetic, sweat

A

sweating

52
Q

In Sympathetic, salivary

A

decreases secretions

53
Q

In Sympathetic, gastric

A

decreases secretions

54
Q

In Sympathetic, intestinal arteries of skin and viscera

A

constricts

55
Q

In Parasympathetic, pupil

A

constricts

56
Q

In Parasympathetic, bronchi

A

constricts

57
Q

In Parasympathetic, heart

A

slows down

58
Q

In Parasympathetic, stomach, intestine, GB and Bile ducts

A

increases

59
Q

In Parasympathetic, sweat

A

nil

60
Q

In Parasympathetic, salivary

A

increases secretions

61
Q

In Parasympathetic, gastric

A

increases secretions

62
Q

In Parasympathetic, intestinal arteries of skin and viscera

A

no effect

63
Q

Protection of the Brain and Spinal Cord

A
  • Skull
  • Vertebral Column
  • Meninges and CSF
64
Q

absence of a brain

A

Anencephalus

65
Q

a small head

A

Microcephalus

66
Q

a large head due to a block in the apertures in the roof of the fourth ventricle resulting in the accumulation of CSF in the ventricles

A

Hydrocephalus

67
Q

a swelling in the midline of the subject’s back due to a hernia of the spinal cord and meninges through a defect in a vertebral arch

A

Meningocele

68
Q

an inflammation of the brain

A

Encephalitis

69
Q

an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

A

Meningitis

70
Q

infantile paralysis –an inflammation of the motor cell bodies in some part of the spinal cord, caused by a virus

A

Poliomyelitis

71
Q

is a test that shows images of your heart

A

Ventriculogram

72
Q

any of various techniques for recording the structure or electrical activity of the brain

A

Encephalography

73
Q

is used to look at the blood vessels of the brain, head, or neck

A

Cerebral Arteriography

74
Q

is a diagnostic imaging test generally done by a radiologist. It uses a contrast dye and X-rays or computed tomography (CT) to look for problems in the spinal canal

A

Myelography

RT 211 (23 decks)

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