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RT 211 > 10.1 The Urinary System > Flashcards

10.1 The Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

is recognized as the excretory system that gets rid of waste products produced in the body

A

Urinary System

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2
Q

3 other systems also excrete some waste

A

o Skin
o Lung
o Large intestine

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3
Q

are terms that are used to include both the urinary and reproductive organs

A

Genitourinary or urogenital

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4
Q

excretory organs

A

Right and Left Kidneys

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5
Q

pipelines to bladder

A

Right and Left ureters

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6
Q

reservoir of urine

A

Urinary bladder

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7
Q

a waste pipe to the outside

A

Urethra

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8
Q

Bean shaped organs that lie in the upper posterior abdomen one on either side of the vertebral column. About 11.25 cm or 4.5 inches in vertical length

A

Kidneys

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9
Q

a covering of fibrous connective tissue encloses each kidney perinephritic fat surrounding this covering

A

Renal capsule

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10
Q

is a depression or indentation on its medial border where the structures composing the pedicle join the kidney

A

Hilum (hilus)

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11
Q

vertical cleft or space at the hilum through which the parts of the pedicle enter or leave the kidney

A

Renal sinus

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12
Q

includes renal artery, renal vein, renal pelvic, lymphatics, and nerves that join the kidney at the hilum

A

Renal pedicle

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13
Q

five in number, are subdivisions of the kidney

A

Renal segments

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14
Q

is the lower pole or end

A

Inferior (lower) extremity

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15
Q

Hollow tubes about 25 to 30 cm, 10 to 12 inches in length that extend from a kidney to urinary bladder

A

Ureters

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16
Q

Has 3 coats – outer fibrous layer, a layer of visceral muscle, lining of epithelium

A

Ureters

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17
Q

are two openings between the lower ends of the ureters and the urinary bladder

A

Urethral openings

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18
Q

upper expanded funnel-shaped end of each ureter

A

Renal pelvis

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19
Q

about 4 cm or 1.5 inches in length. It passes down and forward from the bladder neck to its opening on the perineum. The external urethral opening is a small opening in the midline in front of the vaginal opening

A

Female urethra

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20
Q

about 20 cm or 8 inches in length, much longer than that of the female

A

Male urethra

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21
Q

passes through the prostate and is about 3 cm or 1.2 inches in length. The prostatic and ejaculatory ducts open into this part

A

Prostatic part or prostatic urethra

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22
Q

runs from inferior surface of the prostate through the membrane of the perineum

A

Membranous part or membranous urethra

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23
Q

previously called the cavernous urethra extends through the length of the penis in the corpus spongiosum

A

Spongy part of penile part

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24
Q

paired branched of the abdominal aorta, supplying blood to the kidneys

A

Right and Left renal arteries

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25
drain blood from the kidneys and empty into the inferior vena cava
Right and Left renal veins
26
branches of the internal iliac arteries supply to the bladder, and vesical veins drains blood into the internal iliac vein
Vesical arteries
27
is the structural and functional unit of the kidney
Nephron
28
Nephron consist of 2 parts
* Glomerulus | * Renal tubule
29
capillary network
Glomerulus
30
Renal tubule
o Glomerular capsule – covering o Proximal convoluted part of the tubule o Straight tubule with loop of Henle o Distal convoluted part of tubule
31
a network of about 50 blood capillaries that lie within a cup (Bowmans) shaped glomerular capsule
Glomerulus
32
name of the arteriole that enters a glomerular capsule to be divided into 50 capillary vessels
Afferent vessel or arteriole
33
formed by the union of the glomerular vessels
Efferent vessel or arteriole
34
a very minute hollow tube, closed at one bulblike end and opening at the other into a collecting tubule (about 30 mm in length)
Renal tubule
35
is the expanded cup shaped blind end of a renal tubule
Glomerular capsule (OT Bowman’s capsule)
36
consist of a glomerulus and the glomerular capsule that surrounds it
Renal corpuscle (OT Malphigian corpuscle)
37
opens from the space in a glomerular capsule, is a tortuous and has many bends
Proximal convoluted part (tubule)
38
is “U shaped loop that extends from a proximal convoluted tubule to a distal convoluted tubule
Straight part (tubule and loop of Henle)
39
is a continuous with the straight part
Distal convoluted part (tubule)
40
is formed by the union of many renal tubules. Each of these has its own opening into a minor calyx
Collecting tubule
41
is made up of many collecting tubules lying side by side. They are shaped like blunt cone or pyramid, with the broad base directed towards the outer kidney surface
Renal pyramid
42
is the nipplelike rounded medial end of a renal pyramid
Renal papilla
43
the area between each 2 adjacent renal pyramids
Renal Column (OT Column of Bertini)
44
outer part of the kidney and the renal columns between pyramids
Renal Cortex
45
renal pyramids, but not the renal columns between them
Renal Medulla
46
These processes involved in the secretion of urine are:
* Filtration of blood plasma into renal tubules * Reabsorption of water and some dissolved substances from tubules back into blood capillaries * Selective secretion of some solutes from the blood into the renal tubules from the blood capillaries
47
Filtration - blood plasma with many substances dissolve in it is filtered from the glomerulus, through the capillary wall and inner layer of a glomerular capsule into the capsular space and hence to renal tubule. It is estimated from _____ of fluid are filtered in ___
180 to 200 L, | 24 hours
48
Reabsorption – all but about ____ are reabsorbed from the tubules back into blood capillaries
1 to 1.5 L
49
some solutes that are not required by the body are secreted into the tubules
Selective secretion
50
the antidiuretic hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland stimulates the reabsorption of water
Vasopressin
51
straw colored fluid containing variable amounts of dissolved substances
Urine
52
secrete urine that contains waste products
Kidney
53
regulate the fluid content of the blood, and indirectly the quantity of intracellular fluid in the body tissues
Kidney
54
regulate concentration of the various electrolytes
Kidney
55
causes elevation of the BP. It is secreted when the blood supply to the kidneys is decreased by injury of disease
Renin
56
filter blood plasma
Glomeruli
57
reabsorb water and some solutes | and secrete selectively some waste products
Renal tubules
58
are passages from the kidneys to the ureters to convey urine
Renal calyces and pelves
59
convey urine from kidneys to UB by peristalsis
Ureters
60
reservoir of urine
Urinary bladder
61
is a passage to discharge urine from the bladder and convey it out of the body
Urethra
62
absence of kidney
Agenesis
63
a small kidney
Microkidney
64
two kidneys are joined across the median line, usually at their lower ends, and the pelves may be on their lateral borders
Horseshoe
65
large cysts within the kidneys
Polycystic kidneys
66
the superior major calyx may have a separate pelvic, and a partial or completely separate ureter
Double kidney, double renal pelvis, double ureter
67
not in normal position, often in the pelvis
Ectopic Kidney
68
the bladder may lie outside of the abdomen
Exstrophy
69
the urethra opens on the inferior surface of the penis instead of at its end
Hypospadias
70
the urethra opens upon the upper surface of the penis
Epispadias
71
without urine, the kidneys are not secreting urine
Anuria
72
the kidneys are secreting urine but it is retained in the bladder
Urinary retention
73
an accumulation of poisonous waste products in the blood and body tissues because the kidneys are not secreting them
Uremia
74
one or more stones may form in the kidneys
Calculus
75
a calculus conforming in shape to a renal pelvis and calyces, like the horn of a deer in shape
Staghorn calculus
76
inflammation of the bladder
Cystitis
77
inflammation of renal pelvis
Pyelitis
78
an abscess about a kidney
Perinephritic abscess
79
a kidney located below its normal level
Ptosis
80
an excess of urine of secreted
Polyuria
81
an escape of urine from a kidney, ureter, bladder, or urethra, following an injury etc
Extravasation of urine
82
dilatation of a renal pelvis and its calyces as a result of some obstruction in the renal pelvis or ureter
Hydronephrosis or pyelonephrosis
83
a procedure used to outline the calyces, pelves, uretes and bladder by filling them with an opaque medium and taking radiograph
Urography
84
consists of an intravenous injection of an opaque medium into a vein, to be excreted by the kidneys
Intravenous urography or excretory urography
85
consists of an instillation of an opaque medium by a urologist into the ureters through the urethra and bladder into the ureters
Retrograde urography
86
a film of the abdomen before the procedure is begun
Scout film
87
synonymous with urography
Pyelography
88
is the instillation of an opaque medium or of air into the urinary bladder
Cystography
89
consists of instillation of an opaque medium into the urethra, or expelling of a medium from the bladder into the urethra and radiography during the procedure
Urethrography

RT 211 (23 decks)

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