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RT 211 > 10.1 The Urinary System > Flashcards

10.1 The Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

is recognized as the excretory system that gets rid of waste products produced in the body

A

Urinary System

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2
Q

3 other systems also excrete some waste

A

o Skin
o Lung
o Large intestine

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3
Q

are terms that are used to include both the urinary and reproductive organs

A

Genitourinary or urogenital

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4
Q

excretory organs

A

Right and Left Kidneys

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5
Q

pipelines to bladder

A

Right and Left ureters

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6
Q

reservoir of urine

A

Urinary bladder

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7
Q

a waste pipe to the outside

A

Urethra

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8
Q

Bean shaped organs that lie in the upper posterior abdomen one on either side of the vertebral column. About 11.25 cm or 4.5 inches in vertical length

A

Kidneys

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9
Q

a covering of fibrous connective tissue encloses each kidney perinephritic fat surrounding this covering

A

Renal capsule

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10
Q

is a depression or indentation on its medial border where the structures composing the pedicle join the kidney

A

Hilum (hilus)

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11
Q

vertical cleft or space at the hilum through which the parts of the pedicle enter or leave the kidney

A

Renal sinus

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12
Q

includes renal artery, renal vein, renal pelvic, lymphatics, and nerves that join the kidney at the hilum

A

Renal pedicle

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13
Q

five in number, are subdivisions of the kidney

A

Renal segments

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14
Q

is the lower pole or end

A

Inferior (lower) extremity

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15
Q

Hollow tubes about 25 to 30 cm, 10 to 12 inches in length that extend from a kidney to urinary bladder

A

Ureters

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16
Q

Has 3 coats – outer fibrous layer, a layer of visceral muscle, lining of epithelium

A

Ureters

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17
Q

are two openings between the lower ends of the ureters and the urinary bladder

A

Urethral openings

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18
Q

upper expanded funnel-shaped end of each ureter

A

Renal pelvis

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19
Q

about 4 cm or 1.5 inches in length. It passes down and forward from the bladder neck to its opening on the perineum. The external urethral opening is a small opening in the midline in front of the vaginal opening

A

Female urethra

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20
Q

about 20 cm or 8 inches in length, much longer than that of the female

A

Male urethra

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21
Q

passes through the prostate and is about 3 cm or 1.2 inches in length. The prostatic and ejaculatory ducts open into this part

A

Prostatic part or prostatic urethra

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22
Q

runs from inferior surface of the prostate through the membrane of the perineum

A

Membranous part or membranous urethra

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23
Q

previously called the cavernous urethra extends through the length of the penis in the corpus spongiosum

A

Spongy part of penile part

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24
Q

paired branched of the abdominal aorta, supplying blood to the kidneys

A

Right and Left renal arteries

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25
Q

drain blood from the kidneys and empty into the inferior vena cava

A

Right and Left renal veins

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26
Q

branches of the internal iliac arteries supply to the bladder, and vesical veins drains blood into the internal iliac vein

A

Vesical arteries

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27
Q

is the structural and functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

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28
Q

Nephron consist of 2 parts

A
  • Glomerulus

* Renal tubule

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29
Q

capillary network

A

Glomerulus

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30
Q

Renal tubule

A

o Glomerular capsule – covering
o Proximal convoluted part of the tubule
o Straight tubule with loop of Henle
o Distal convoluted part of tubule

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31
Q

a network of about 50 blood capillaries that lie within a cup (Bowmans) shaped glomerular capsule

A

Glomerulus

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32
Q

name of the arteriole that enters a glomerular capsule to be divided into 50 capillary vessels

A

Afferent vessel or arteriole

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33
Q

formed by the union of the glomerular vessels

A

Efferent vessel or arteriole

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34
Q

a very minute hollow tube, closed at one bulblike end and opening at the other into a collecting tubule (about 30 mm in length)

A

Renal tubule

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35
Q

is the expanded cup shaped blind end of a renal tubule

A

Glomerular capsule (OT Bowman’s capsule)

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36
Q

consist of a glomerulus and the glomerular capsule that surrounds it

A

Renal corpuscle (OT Malphigian corpuscle)

37
Q

opens from the space in a glomerular capsule, is a tortuous and has many bends

A

Proximal convoluted part (tubule)

38
Q

is “U shaped loop that extends from a proximal convoluted tubule to a distal convoluted tubule

A

Straight part (tubule and loop of Henle)

39
Q

is a continuous with the straight part

A

Distal convoluted part (tubule)

40
Q

is formed by the union of many renal tubules. Each of these has its own opening into a minor calyx

A

Collecting tubule

41
Q

is made up of many collecting tubules lying side by side. They are shaped like blunt cone or pyramid, with the broad base directed towards the outer kidney surface

A

Renal pyramid

42
Q

is the nipplelike rounded medial end of a renal pyramid

A

Renal papilla

43
Q

the area between each 2 adjacent renal pyramids

A

Renal Column (OT Column of Bertini)

44
Q

outer part of the kidney and the renal columns between pyramids

A

Renal Cortex

45
Q

renal pyramids, but not the renal columns between them

A

Renal Medulla

46
Q

These processes involved in the secretion of urine are:

A
  • Filtration of blood plasma into renal tubules
  • Reabsorption of water and some dissolved substances from tubules back into blood capillaries
  • Selective secretion of some solutes from the blood into the renal tubules from the blood capillaries
47
Q

Filtration - blood plasma with many substances dissolve in it is filtered from the glomerulus, through the capillary wall and inner layer of a glomerular capsule into the capsular space and hence to renal tubule. It is estimated from _____ of fluid are filtered in ___

A

180 to 200 L,

24 hours

48
Q

Reabsorption – all but about ____ are reabsorbed from the tubules back into blood capillaries

A

1 to 1.5 L

49
Q

some solutes that are not required by the body are secreted into the tubules

A

Selective secretion

50
Q

the antidiuretic hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland stimulates the reabsorption of water

A

Vasopressin

51
Q

straw colored fluid containing variable amounts of dissolved substances

52
Q

secrete urine that contains waste products

53
Q

regulate the fluid content of the blood, and indirectly the quantity of intracellular fluid in the body tissues

54
Q

regulate concentration of the various electrolytes

55
Q

causes elevation of the BP. It is secreted when the blood supply to the kidneys is decreased by injury of disease

56
Q

filter blood plasma

57
Q

reabsorb water and some solutes

and secrete selectively some waste products

A

Renal tubules

58
Q

are passages from the kidneys to the ureters to convey urine

A

Renal calyces and pelves

59
Q

convey urine from kidneys to UB by peristalsis

60
Q

reservoir of urine

A

Urinary bladder

61
Q

is a passage to discharge urine from the bladder and convey it out of the body

62
Q

absence of kidney

63
Q

a small kidney

A

Microkidney

64
Q

two kidneys are joined across the median line, usually at their lower ends, and the pelves may be on their lateral borders

65
Q

large cysts within the kidneys

A

Polycystic kidneys

66
Q

the superior major calyx may have a separate pelvic, and a partial or completely separate ureter

A

Double kidney, double renal pelvis, double ureter

67
Q

not in normal position, often in the pelvis

A

Ectopic Kidney

68
Q

the bladder may lie outside of the abdomen

69
Q

the urethra opens on the inferior surface of the penis instead of at its end

A

Hypospadias

70
Q

the urethra opens upon the upper surface of the penis

A

Epispadias

71
Q

without urine, the kidneys are not secreting urine

72
Q

the kidneys are secreting urine but it is retained in the bladder

A

Urinary retention

73
Q

an accumulation of poisonous waste products in the blood and body tissues because the kidneys are not secreting them

74
Q

one or more stones may form in the kidneys

75
Q

a calculus conforming in shape to a renal pelvis and calyces, like the horn of a deer in shape

A

Staghorn calculus

76
Q

inflammation of the bladder

77
Q

inflammation of renal pelvis

78
Q

an abscess about a kidney

A

Perinephritic abscess

79
Q

a kidney located below its normal level

80
Q

an excess of urine of secreted

81
Q

an escape of urine from a kidney, ureter, bladder, or urethra, following an injury etc

A

Extravasation of urine

82
Q

dilatation of a renal pelvis and its calyces as a result of some obstruction in the renal pelvis or ureter

A

Hydronephrosis or pyelonephrosis

83
Q

a procedure used to outline the calyces, pelves, uretes and bladder by filling them with an opaque medium and taking radiograph

84
Q

consists of an intravenous injection of an opaque medium into a vein, to be excreted by the kidneys

A

Intravenous urography or excretory urography

85
Q

consists of an instillation of an opaque medium by a urologist into the ureters through the urethra and bladder into the ureters

A

Retrograde urography

86
Q

a film of the abdomen before the procedure is begun

A

Scout film

87
Q

synonymous with urography

A

Pyelography

88
Q

is the instillation of an opaque medium or of air into the urinary bladder

A

Cystography

89
Q

consists of instillation of an opaque medium into the urethra, or expelling of a medium from the bladder into the urethra and radiography during the procedure

A

Urethrography

RT 211 (23 decks)

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