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RT 211 > 12.2 The Sense Organs > Flashcards

12.2 The Sense Organs Flashcards

1
Q

The special senses have sense organs that contain the receptors for stimuli:

A
  • eye
  • ear
  • nose
  • taste buds
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2
Q

organ of sight and vision

A

eye

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3
Q

organ of hearing

A

ear

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4
Q

organ of smell

A

nose – olfactory

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5
Q

organ of taste

A

taste buds – gustatory

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6
Q

It is spherical in shape except anteriorly where it bulges forward

A

Eye

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7
Q

It measures about 1 inch in diameter

A

Eye

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8
Q

fill the cavity of the eyeball

A

Refracting Media

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9
Q

They are transparent so that light may pass through them to reach the retina

A

Refracting Media

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10
Q

Their function is to change the direction of the light waves so as to focus the image on the inner surface of the retina

A

Refracting Media

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11
Q

Refracting Media

A
  • Cornea
  • Vitreous body
  • Lens
  • Aqueous humor
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12
Q

is the point of crossing of the medial nerve fiber

A

Optic chiasma

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13
Q

It resembles the letter “X” a letter in the Greek alphabet called chi

A

Optic chiasma

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14
Q

are two bundles of nerve fibers that emerge from the optic chiasma and pass obliquely across the cerebral peduncles to enter the brain

A

Optic tracts

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15
Q

Extrinsic Muscles of the Eye

A 
o	Superior rectus
o	Inferior rectus
o	Medial rectus
o	Lateral rectus
o	Superior oblique muscle
o	Inferior oblique muscle
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16
Q

upper and lower protect the eyes and cover them during sleep

A

eyelids

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17
Q

eyelids parts

A
  • Medial canthus

* Lateral canthus

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18
Q

squint or crossed eyes is a condition in which both eyes do not move in the same direction at the same time

A

Strabismus

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19
Q

is a thin transparent membrane that covers the inner surface of each eyelid, and is reflected over the anterior surface of each eyeball

A

Conjunctiva

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20
Q

is a special radiographic test to see if there is blockage of the tear canals

A

dacrocystography

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21
Q

Responsible for the formation, circulation, disposal of tears

A

Lacrimal Apparatus

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22
Q

has a lacrimal gland with its excretory ducts, 2 lacrimal ducts, a lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct

A

eye

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23
Q

is the organ of hearing and equilibrium

A

ear

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24
Q

It is contained within the petrous part of the temporal bone. In sound waves are transformed into nerve impulses

A

ear

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25
Auditory ossicles
- Malleus or hammer - Incus or anvil - Stapes or stirrup
26
an infection of the middle ear
Otitis media
27
an infection of mastoid cells
Mastoiditis
28
smell
Olfactus
29
are tufts of hairs in the lining membrane of the upper part of each nasal cavity
Receptors or endorgans
30
are the expanded anterior ends of the two olfactory tracts, two club-shaped structures that lie on the inferior surface of the frontal lobes of the cerebrum
Olfactory bulbs
31
Gustatory Organs
Organs of Taste
32
to taste, hence gustation and gustatory
Gustatio
33
are minute elevations on the tongue that are the cause of roughness of this organ
papillae
34
nipple or nipplelike
Papilla
35
are oval shaped bodies located on the sides of the papillae
taste buds
36
They have elongated central cells with hair at their surfaces
taste buds
37
covers the posterior five-sixths of the eyeball, and is white
Sclera
38
covers the remaining one-sixth of the eyeball.
Cornea
39
This layer is transparent | so that light may pass through it.
Cornea
40
is rich in blood vessels
The Vascular coat or middle layer
41
includes the posterior two-thirds of this middle layer
Choroid covering
42
a thickened ring of tissue that encircles the eyeball in front of the choroid proper.
Ciliary body
43
Contains the ciliary muscles. This muscle regulates the covexity of the lens by pulling on the suspensory ligament attached to the lens.
Ciliary body
44
is a colored membrane that surrounds the pupil
Iris
45
It is attached along its | outer margin to the ciliary body
Iris
46
Pigment in the ___ determines the color of the eyes
iris
47
is the circular opening in the center of the colored iris, and appears black
Pupil
48
the inner coat
retina
49
made of rods and cones
Visual layer
50
is a yellow spot on the posterior and inner surface of the retina opposite the pupil
Macula lutea
51
It is composed of cones with no rods and is the most sensitive area of the retina to light
Macula lutea
52
is a small depression at the center of the macula, opposite | the pupil and very sensitive to light
Fovea centralis (central pit)
53
is a small circular area on the inner surface of the retina where the optic nerve enters the retina. It has neither rods nor cones
Blind spot or optic disc
54
lies posterior to the cornea in the anterior part of the eyeball. It is a thin clear fluid
Aqueous humor
55
lie vertically in the anterior part of the eyeball, behind the iris and the aqueous humor
lens and its capsule
56
is a transparent jellylike material that fills the cavity behind the lens
Vitreous humor or body
57
is the point at the medial border of the eyeball | where the upper and lower eyelids meet
Medial canthus or internal canthus
58
is the point where the upper and lower eyelids | meet at the lateral margin of the eye
Lateral canthus or external canthus
59
lies behind the outer part of the supraorbital margin of the orbit
Lacrimal gland
60
one for each eyelid begin as small openings on the free margins of the eyelids close to their medial ends and joins the lacrimal sac close to the nose
Lacrimal ducts
61
passes down in the nasolacrimal groove and opens into the nasal cavity
Nasolacrimal duct
62
is a trumpetlike cartilaginous part that protrudes from the side of the head. It helps to direct sound waves into the ear canal
auricle or pinna
63
is the canal extending from the opening in the auricle to the ear drum. It is about 2.5 cm (1 inch) in length. It is lined with skin that contains modified glands – ceruminous glands – that secrete wax into the canal
external acoustic meatus (OT. Auditory)
64
is a small hollow space between the external and internal ear. It is filled with air and contains three minute bones, the auditory ossicles
middle ear, auris media, (tympanic cavity)
65
is a thin membrane stretched across the opening | between the inner end of the external acoustic meatus and the middle ear
Tympanic membrane – or ear drum
66
are three very minute bones in the middle ear
Auditory osscles
67
is attached by its handle to the inner surface of the | tympanic membrane
Malleus – or hammer
68
is attached at one end to malleus, by its other end to the stapes
Incus – or anvil
69
extends from the incus to an opening into the inner ear, the vestibular opening or the fenestra ovalis, this opening is closed by the footpiece of the stapes
stapes – or stirrup
70
of the auditory tube is its opening into the middle ear
Tympanic opening
71
is an opening from the middle ear | into this cavity or antrum
Aditus of the mastoid or tympanic antrum
72
Aditus of the mastoid or tympanic antrum also called
aditus and antrum
73
is located | between the middle ear and cochlea of the internal ear
Fenestra rotunda – or round opening or cochlear opening
74
is located between the | middle ear and vestibule of the internal ear
Fenestra ovalis – or oval opening or vestibular opening
75
lies medial to the middle ear
Internal ear (labyrinth)
76
a maze or complicated series of communicating cavities
labyrinthos
77
is a small cavity with walls of bone lying between the semicircular canals and the cochlea is in front of the semicircular behind it
bony labyrinth
78
are curved passages within the petrous bone, each forming more than a half circle, and shaped like the letter “C”. They open at each end into the vestibule
three semicircular canals
79
consists of a spiral passage or canal similar to a spiral staircase, with almost three complete turns. It has a central core of bone, the modiolus, around which the windings are built
cochlea
80
is contained within the body labyrinth and has a | membranous covering that separates it from the osseous labyrinth
Membranous Labyrinth
81
fluid that surrounds the bony wall
Perilymph
82
fluid that fills the ducts and sacs
Endolymph
83
one inside of each semicircular canal, have five openings into the utricle within the vestibule
Three semicircular ducts
84
lies within the spiral bony cochlea and follows its course from base to apex
Cochlear duct
85
forms the floor of the cochlear duct
Basilar membrane
86
a gelatinous membrane that covers the hair
Tectorial membrane
87
is a small membranous sac in the vestibule of the bony labyrinth
Utricle
88
is a smaller membranous sac in the vestibule
Saccule

RT 211 (23 decks)

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