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RT 211 > 12.2 The Sense Organs > Flashcards

12.2 The Sense Organs Flashcards

1
Q

The special senses have sense organs that contain the receptors for stimuli:

A
  • eye
  • ear
  • nose
  • taste buds
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2
Q

organ of sight and vision

A

eye

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3
Q

organ of hearing

A

ear

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4
Q

organ of smell

A

nose – olfactory

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5
Q

organ of taste

A

taste buds – gustatory

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6
Q

It is spherical in shape except anteriorly where it bulges forward

A

Eye

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7
Q

It measures about 1 inch in diameter

A

Eye

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8
Q

fill the cavity of the eyeball

A

Refracting Media

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9
Q

They are transparent so that light may pass through them to reach the retina

A

Refracting Media

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10
Q

Their function is to change the direction of the light waves so as to focus the image on the inner surface of the retina

A

Refracting Media

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11
Q

Refracting Media

A
  • Cornea
  • Vitreous body
  • Lens
  • Aqueous humor
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12
Q

is the point of crossing of the medial nerve fiber

A

Optic chiasma

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13
Q

It resembles the letter “X” a letter in the Greek alphabet called chi

A

Optic chiasma

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14
Q

are two bundles of nerve fibers that emerge from the optic chiasma and pass obliquely across the cerebral peduncles to enter the brain

A

Optic tracts

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15
Q

Extrinsic Muscles of the Eye

A 
o	Superior rectus
o	Inferior rectus
o	Medial rectus
o	Lateral rectus
o	Superior oblique muscle
o	Inferior oblique muscle
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16
Q

upper and lower protect the eyes and cover them during sleep

A

eyelids

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17
Q

eyelids parts

A
  • Medial canthus

* Lateral canthus

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18
Q

squint or crossed eyes is a condition in which both eyes do not move in the same direction at the same time

A

Strabismus

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19
Q

is a thin transparent membrane that covers the inner surface of each eyelid, and is reflected over the anterior surface of each eyeball

A

Conjunctiva

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20
Q

is a special radiographic test to see if there is blockage of the tear canals

A

dacrocystography

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21
Q

Responsible for the formation, circulation, disposal of tears

A

Lacrimal Apparatus

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22
Q

has a lacrimal gland with its excretory ducts, 2 lacrimal ducts, a lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct

A

eye

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23
Q

is the organ of hearing and equilibrium

A

ear

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24
Q

It is contained within the petrous part of the temporal bone. In sound waves are transformed into nerve impulses

A

ear

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25
Q

Auditory ossicles

A
  • Malleus or hammer
  • Incus or anvil
  • Stapes or stirrup
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26
Q

an infection of the middle ear

A

Otitis media

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27
Q

an infection of mastoid cells

A

Mastoiditis

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28
Q

smell

A

Olfactus

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29
Q

are tufts of hairs in the lining membrane of the upper part of each nasal cavity

A

Receptors or endorgans

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30
Q

are the expanded anterior ends of the two olfactory tracts, two club-shaped structures that lie on the inferior surface of the frontal lobes of the cerebrum

A

Olfactory bulbs

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31
Q

Gustatory Organs

A

Organs of Taste

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32
Q

to taste, hence gustation and gustatory

A

Gustatio

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33
Q

are minute elevations on the tongue that are the cause of roughness of this organ

A

papillae

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34
Q

nipple or nipplelike

A

Papilla

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35
Q

are oval shaped bodies located on the sides of the papillae

A

taste buds

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36
Q

They have elongated central cells with hair at their surfaces

A

taste buds

37
Q

covers the posterior five-sixths of the eyeball, and is white

A

Sclera

38
Q

covers the remaining one-sixth of the eyeball.

A

Cornea

39
Q

This layer is transparent

so that light may pass through it.

A

Cornea

40
Q

is rich in blood vessels

A

The Vascular coat or middle layer

41
Q

includes the posterior two-thirds of this middle layer

A

Choroid covering

42
Q

a thickened ring of tissue that encircles the eyeball in front of the
choroid proper.

A

Ciliary body

43
Q

Contains the ciliary muscles. This muscle regulates the covexity
of the lens by pulling on the suspensory ligament attached to the lens.

A

Ciliary body

44
Q

is a colored membrane that surrounds the pupil

A

Iris

45
Q

It is attached along its

outer margin to the ciliary body

A

Iris

46
Q

Pigment in the ___ determines the color of the eyes

A

iris

47
Q

is the circular opening in the center of the colored iris, and appears black

A

Pupil

48
Q

the inner coat

A

retina

49
Q

made of rods and cones

A

Visual layer

50
Q

is a yellow spot on the posterior and inner surface of the retina opposite the pupil

A

Macula lutea

51
Q

It is composed of cones with no rods and is the most sensitive area of the retina to light

A

Macula lutea

52
Q

is a small depression at the center of the macula, opposite

the pupil and very sensitive to light

A

Fovea centralis (central pit)

53
Q

is a small circular area on the inner surface of the retina where
the optic nerve enters the retina. It has neither rods nor cones

A

Blind spot or optic disc

54
Q

lies posterior to the cornea in the anterior part of the eyeball. It is a
thin clear fluid

A

Aqueous humor

55
Q

lie vertically in the anterior part of the eyeball, behind the iris
and the aqueous humor

A

lens and its capsule

56
Q

is a transparent jellylike material that fills the cavity behind the
lens

A

Vitreous humor or body

57
Q

is the point at the medial border of the eyeball

where the upper and lower eyelids meet

A

Medial canthus or internal canthus

58
Q

is the point where the upper and lower eyelids

meet at the lateral margin of the eye

A

Lateral canthus or external canthus

59
Q

lies behind the outer part of the supraorbital margin of the orbit

A

Lacrimal gland

60
Q

one for each eyelid begin as small openings on the free margins of the
eyelids close to their medial ends and joins the lacrimal sac close to the nose

A

Lacrimal ducts

61
Q

passes down in the nasolacrimal groove and opens into the nasal
cavity

A

Nasolacrimal duct

62
Q

is a trumpetlike cartilaginous part that protrudes from the side of the head. It helps to direct sound waves into the ear canal

A

auricle or pinna

63
Q

is the canal extending from the opening in
the auricle to the ear drum. It is about 2.5 cm (1 inch) in length. It is lined with skin that
contains modified glands – ceruminous glands – that secrete wax into the canal

A

external acoustic meatus (OT. Auditory)

64
Q

is a small hollow space between
the external and internal ear. It is filled with air and contains three minute bones, the auditory
ossicles

A

middle ear, auris media, (tympanic cavity)

65
Q

is a thin membrane stretched across the opening

between the inner end of the external acoustic meatus and the middle ear

A

Tympanic membrane – or ear drum

66
Q

are three very minute bones in the middle ear

A

Auditory osscles

67
Q

is attached by its handle to the inner surface of the

tympanic membrane

A

Malleus – or hammer

68
Q

is attached at one end to malleus, by its other end to the stapes

A

Incus – or anvil

69
Q

extends from the incus to an opening into the inner ear,
the vestibular opening or the fenestra ovalis, this opening is closed by the
footpiece of the stapes

A

stapes – or stirrup

70
Q

of the auditory tube is its opening into the middle ear

A

Tympanic opening

71
Q

is an opening from the middle ear

into this cavity or antrum

A

Aditus of the mastoid or tympanic antrum

72
Q

Aditus of the mastoid or tympanic antrum also called

A

aditus and antrum

73
Q

is located

between the middle ear and cochlea of the internal ear

A

Fenestra rotunda – or round opening or cochlear opening

74
Q

is located between the

middle ear and vestibule of the internal ear

A

Fenestra ovalis – or oval opening or vestibular opening

75
Q

lies medial to the middle ear

A

Internal ear (labyrinth)

76
Q

a maze or complicated series of communicating cavities

A

labyrinthos

77
Q

is a small cavity with walls of bone lying between the semicircular
canals and the cochlea is in front of the semicircular behind it

A

bony labyrinth

78
Q

are curved passages within the petrous bone, each
forming more than a half circle, and shaped like the letter “C”. They open at
each end into the vestibule

A

three semicircular canals

79
Q

consists of a spiral passage or canal similar to a spiral staircase,
with almost three complete turns. It has a central core of bone, the modiolus,
around which the windings are built

A

cochlea

80
Q

is contained within the body labyrinth and has a

membranous covering that separates it from the osseous labyrinth

A

Membranous Labyrinth

81
Q

fluid that surrounds the bony wall

A

Perilymph

82
Q

fluid that fills the ducts and sacs

A

Endolymph

83
Q

one inside of each semicircular canal, have five openings into
the utricle within the vestibule

A

Three semicircular ducts

84
Q

lies within the spiral bony cochlea and follows its course from base to
apex

A

Cochlear duct

85
Q

forms the floor of the cochlear duct

A

Basilar membrane

86
Q

a gelatinous membrane that covers the hair

A

Tectorial membrane

87
Q

is a small membranous sac in the vestibule of the bony labyrinth

A

Utricle

88
Q

is a smaller membranous sac in the vestibule

A

Saccule

RT 211 (23 decks)

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