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RT 211 > 5.2 The Skull > Flashcards

5.2 The Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Visceral Cranium: 14 bones

A
  • Maxillae (2)
  • Zygomatic (2)
  • Nasal (2)
  • Lacrimal (2)
  • Palatine (2)
  • Inferior conchae or turbinates (2)
  • Vomer (1)
  • Mandible (1)
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2
Q

Jaw bone

A

Maxillae

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3
Q

Form parts of

  • The floor of the orbit
  • The medial part of each infraorbital margin
  • The lateral wall of each nasal cavity
  • The floor of each nasal cavity
  • The roof of the mouth
A

Maxillae

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4
Q

a large cavity within the body of the maxilla

A

Maxillary sinus

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5
Q

a ridge of bone that forms the lower border of the orbital opening

A

Infraorbital margin

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6
Q

is a small opening on the anterior surface of the maxilla just below the infraorbital margin

A

Infraorbital foramen

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7
Q

is a single small pointed projection in the midline at the base of the nasal septum

A

Anterior nasal spine

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8
Q

is a small rounded bony prominence posterior to the third upper molar tooth

A

Maxillary tuberosity

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9
Q

extends up along the lateral side of the nose posterior to the nasal bone, and along the medial margin of the orbit

A

Frontal process

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10
Q

extends up and laterally from the body of the maxilla to meet the maxillary process of the zygomatic bone

A

Zygomatic process

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11
Q

extends down from the inferior part of the body of the maxilla to form socket for eight upper teeth

A

Alveolar process

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12
Q

is a flat shelf of bone that extends medially from the lower part of the body of the maxilla to meet its mate and form all but the posterior part of the hard palate

A

Palatine process

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13
Q

other name for Zygomatic bones

A

malar bone

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14
Q

Quadrilateral in shape

A

Zygomatic bones (OT. malar bone)

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15
Q

at its lower margin joins the maxilla

A

Maxillary process

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16
Q

joints the frontal bone at the upper lateral margin of the orbit

A

Frontal process

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17
Q

joints the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to form the long slender zygomatic arch

A

Temporal process

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18
Q

small flat rectangular shaped bone that joins the nasal part of the frontal bone

A

Nasal bone

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19
Q

2 small flat bones located in the medial walls of the orbits

A

Lacrimal bones

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20
Q

a tear

A

(L) lacrima

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21
Q

Each bone is an “L” shaped structure, and includes horizontal and vertical plates of the bones

A

Palatine bones

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22
Q

forms the dorsal part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

A

vertical part (Palatine bones)

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23
Q

extends medially from the inferior part of the vertical plate to meet the horizontal plate of the other palatine bone

A

Horizontal plate (Palatine bones)

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24
Q

a shell

A

(L) concha

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25
Q

Each is thin curved plate of bone that extends medially like a shelf into the nasal cavity from the lateral wall

A

Inferior Conchae

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26
Q

a ploughshare

A

(L) vomer

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27
Q

Single flat flour sided bone plate that resembles a ploughshare

A

vomer

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28
Q

lower jaw

A

Mandible

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29
Q

is shaped like a horseshoe with its posterior end on each side turned up to articulate with the temporal bone

A

single mandible

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30
Q

is the flat prominence at the inferior part of the symphysis anteriorly

A

Mental protuberance–the chin

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31
Q

is a small opening on the outer surface of the body of the mandible on each side below the second premolar tooth

A

Mental foramen

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32
Q

is a flat thin upwards extension of the anterior part of the ramus

A

Coronoid process

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33
Q

extends upwards from the posterior part of the ramus to the adjacent joint

A

Condylar process

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34
Q

is half-moon shaped notch between the coronoid and condylar processes of the ramus

A

Mandibular notch

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35
Q

is an opening on the medial surface of the ramus about its center

A

Mandibular foramen

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36
Q

is a passage within the lower part of the ramus and body of the mandible

A

Mandibular canal

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37
Q

is a single “U” shaped bone that is located in the anterior part of the neck

A

Hyoid bone

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38
Q

It lied horizontally about half-way between the body of the mandible and the thyroid cartilage

A

Hyoid bone

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39
Q

curved anterior part of the hyoid bone

A

Body

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40
Q

extends back from the posterior end of the body on each side as a bent process in the hyoid bone

A

Greater cornu

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41
Q

much smaller and extends up from the greater cornu on each side

A

Lesser cornu

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42
Q

Each cavity is cone shaped, its base lying in front and its apex at the pointed posterior end

A

The Orbit

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43
Q

The supraorbital margin of the base is formed by the _____

A

frontal bone

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44
Q

The infraorbital margin is formed by the ________

A

maxilla and zygomatic bone

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45
Q

The roof of the orbit is formed by the _______

A

frontal and sphenoid

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46
Q

is formed by the maxilla, zygomatic and palatine bones

A

The floor

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47
Q

is formed by the maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, and the body of sphenoid

A

The medial wall

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48
Q

the zygomatic and greater wing of the sphenoid

A

The lateral wall

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49
Q

Chambers of the nose extending from the nostrils or openings (nares), on the face to the nasal pharynx, or throat, behind

A

The Nasal Cavities

50
Q

right and left; form short passages on the lateral margins of the body of the sphenoid under cover of the lesser wings. Transmits optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

A

Optic canals or foramina

51
Q

right and left; comma shaped slits in the lateral wall of each orbit close to its posterior end. Transmits several cranial nerves

A

Superior orbital fissures

52
Q

right and left; are narrow slits between the lateral wall and the floor of the orbit

A

Inferior orbital fissures

53
Q

is a small circular opening at the medial margin of the greater wing of the sphenoid close to the medial end of the superior orbital fissure.

A

Foramen rotundum

54
Q

is an oval opening in the base of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone posterior and lateral to the foramen rotundum.

A

Foramen ovale

55
Q

Transmits a maxillary nerve

A

Foramen rotundum

56
Q

Transmits mandibular nerve

A

Foramen ovale

57
Q

is a very small circular opening in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone posterior and lateral to the large foramen ovale

A

Foramen spinosum

58
Q

Transmits the middle meningeal artery to the inner surface of the skull

A

Foramen spinosum

59
Q

is ragged opening at the apex of the petrous pyramid between it and posterolateral margin of the body of the sphenoid bone

A

Foramen lacerum

60
Q

It is where the internal carotid artery enters the cranium after it has passed the carotid canal

A

Foramen lacerum

61
Q

is a hole on the inferior surface of the petrous pyramid about 1 cm posterolateral to the apex

A

Carotid opening

62
Q

passes from the carotid opening on the inferior surface of the petrous pyramid through this bone to the foramen lacerum

A

Carotid canal

63
Q

is large irregular opening located between the lateral part of the occipital bone and the petrous pyramid

A

Jugular foramen

64
Q

The internal jugular vein leaves the cranium through this opening

A

Jugular foramen

65
Q

is a single very large opening in the basal part of the occipital bone

A

Foramen magnum

66
Q

is an opening on the posterior surface of the petrous pyramid above the jugular foramen

A

The internal acoustic opening

67
Q

is a canal that passes from the internal acoustic opening into the internal ear through the petrous part of the temporal bone, carrying the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

The internal acoustic meatus

68
Q

are gap in bone formation at the angle where several bones meet

A

Fontanelles

69
Q

a fountain

A

fonticulus

70
Q

is located in the midline of the vertex of the skull where the posterior surface of the frontal bone meets the anterior and upper margins of the parietal bone

A

Anterior fontanelle or frontal fontanelle

71
Q

lies in the midline on the upper posterior surface of the skull where the pointed end of the occipital bone meets the post prior margins of the two parietal bones

A

Posterior fontanelle or occipital fontanelle

72
Q

a tooth

A

(AS) toth,

(L) dens

73
Q

Teeth

A
  • 16 in the maxillae, 16 in the mandible
  • 20 deciduous
  • 32 permanent
74
Q

Parts of a tooth

A

Crown, neck and root

75
Q

Structure of a tooth

A

Pulp cavity, dentine, enamel, cement, apical foramen

76
Q

Classification of teeth: permanent

A

Molar (12)
Premolar (8)
Canine (4)
Incisor (8)

77
Q

is the exposed part, visible in the mouth

78
Q

are small rounded prominences on the surfaces of the premolar and molar teeth

79
Q

is the constricted part where the crown and root meet

80
Q

the smaller tapered end, is located in the alveolar process of the maxilla or the alveolar part of the mandible

81
Q

is that aspect facing the tongue

A

Lingual surface

82
Q

is its outer aspect facing the lip or cheek

A

Labial or buccal surface

83
Q

is the central cavity within a tooth extending from the crown down the root

A

The pulp cavity (NA dental cavity)

84
Q

is modified bone that surrounds the pulp cavity in both the crown and root

A

The dentine

85
Q

is a thin covering that forms and outer coat for the crown

A

The enamel

86
Q

is a layer of modified bone that covers that dentine of the root

A

The cement

87
Q

is minute opening in the tip of the root by which a nerve and an artery enter, and a vein leaves the pulp cavity

A

The apical foramen

88
Q

is a layer of fibrous tissue that surround the root of each tooth and attaches it to the wall of the socket in which the tooth lies

A

The peridental membrane

89
Q

refers to the position of the upper and lower teeth in relation to each other when the mouth is closed

90
Q

the cusps and grooves do not fit into each other, or in some instances opposing teeth may not touch each other

A

Malocclusion

91
Q

bite off mouthfuls of food

92
Q

grind and masticate food

A

Premolars and molars

93
Q

The object is to break food into _____ so that the digestive juices may come into intimate contact with the food particles when it reaches the digestive organs

A

small pieces

94
Q

two cone shaped cavities for the eyeballs

95
Q

is the point at the outer margin of the eye where the upper and lower eyelid meets

A

Lateral canthus or external canthus

96
Q

the two chambers of the nose

A

Nasal cavities

97
Q

is the partition between the two nasal cavities

A

Nasal septum

98
Q

is the pear shaped hole between the two maxillary bones into the nasal cavities

A

The piriform opening

99
Q

are cavities within some of the cranial bones

A

Paranasal sinuses

100
Q

is the expanded cavity at the upper end of the digestive tract

101
Q

the prominence on the anterior part of the mandible at the midline

102
Q

is the chin

103
Q

is the passage leading into the ear and ear drum

A

External acoustic meatus

104
Q

is the opening leading into the ear and eardrum

A

External acoustic opening

105
Q

is a slender bridge of bone that extends on each side from in front of the external acoustic opening to the zygomatic bone below, and lateral to, the orbit

A

Zygomatic arch

106
Q

bony prominence that extends down from the lateral surface of the skull behind the ear

A

Mastoid process

107
Q

is a small but definite prominence on the occipital bone in the midline

A

External occipital protuberance

108
Q

flat part

A

Squamous part

109
Q

are unossified area at the junctions where three bones of the skull meet in the infant

A

Fontanelles

110
Q

the point on the vertex of the skull where the sagittal suture meets the coronal suture

111
Q

the point at the posterior end of the sagittal suture where the occipital and two parietal bones are in contact

112
Q

are three depressions on the inner surface of the floor of the skull

A

Cranial fossae

113
Q

openings in the floor or base of the skull through which nerves and veins leave the cranial cavity or arteries enter it

A

Basal foramina

114
Q

without a head

115
Q

two heads

A

Dicephalus, bicephalus (dicephalic)

116
Q

a large head

A

Macrocephalus (macrocephalic)

117
Q

fluid in the head

A

Hydrocephalus

118
Q

a small head

A

Microcephalus (microcephalic)

119
Q

two halves of the soft or hard palate may fail to unite at the midline in the roof of the mouth

A

Cleft palate

120
Q

the upper lip may fail to unit on one side or other

A

Hare lip deformity

RT 211 (23 decks)

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