5.2 The Skull Flashcards
1
Q
Visceral Cranium: 14 bones
A
- Maxillae (2)
- Zygomatic (2)
- Nasal (2)
- Lacrimal (2)
- Palatine (2)
- Inferior conchae or turbinates (2)
- Vomer (1)
- Mandible (1)
2
Q
Jaw bone
A
Maxillae
3
Q
Form parts of
- The floor of the orbit
- The medial part of each infraorbital margin
- The lateral wall of each nasal cavity
- The floor of each nasal cavity
- The roof of the mouth
A
Maxillae
4
Q
a large cavity within the body of the maxilla
A
Maxillary sinus
5
Q
a ridge of bone that forms the lower border of the orbital opening
A
Infraorbital margin
6
Q
is a small opening on the anterior surface of the maxilla just below the infraorbital margin
A
Infraorbital foramen
7
Q
is a single small pointed projection in the midline at the base of the nasal septum
A
Anterior nasal spine
8
Q
is a small rounded bony prominence posterior to the third upper molar tooth
A
Maxillary tuberosity
9
Q
extends up along the lateral side of the nose posterior to the nasal bone, and along the medial margin of the orbit
A
Frontal process
10
Q
extends up and laterally from the body of the maxilla to meet the maxillary process of the zygomatic bone
A
Zygomatic process
11
Q
extends down from the inferior part of the body of the maxilla to form socket for eight upper teeth
A
Alveolar process
12
Q
is a flat shelf of bone that extends medially from the lower part of the body of the maxilla to meet its mate and form all but the posterior part of the hard palate
A
Palatine process
13
Q
other name for Zygomatic bones
A
malar bone
14
Q
Quadrilateral in shape
A
Zygomatic bones (OT. malar bone)
15
Q
at its lower margin joins the maxilla
A
Maxillary process
16
Q
joints the frontal bone at the upper lateral margin of the orbit
A
Frontal process
17
Q
joints the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to form the long slender zygomatic arch
A
Temporal process
18
Q
small flat rectangular shaped bone that joins the nasal part of the frontal bone
A
Nasal bone
19
Q
2 small flat bones located in the medial walls of the orbits
A
Lacrimal bones
20
Q
a tear
A
(L) lacrima
21
Q
Each bone is an “L” shaped structure, and includes horizontal and vertical plates of the bones
A
Palatine bones
22
Q
forms the dorsal part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
A
vertical part (Palatine bones)
23
Q
extends medially from the inferior part of the vertical plate to meet the horizontal plate of the other palatine bone
A
Horizontal plate (Palatine bones)
24
Q
a shell
A
(L) concha
25
Each is thin curved plate of bone that extends medially like a shelf into the nasal cavity from the lateral wall
Inferior Conchae
26
a ploughshare
(L) vomer
27
Single flat flour sided bone plate that resembles a ploughshare
vomer
28
lower jaw
Mandible
29
is shaped like a horseshoe with its posterior end on each side turned up to articulate with the temporal bone
single mandible
30
is the flat prominence at the inferior part of the symphysis anteriorly
Mental protuberance–the chin
31
is a small opening on the outer surface of the body of the mandible on each side below the second premolar tooth
Mental foramen
32
is a flat thin upwards extension of the anterior part of the ramus
Coronoid process
33
extends upwards from the posterior part of the ramus to the adjacent joint
Condylar process
34
is half-moon shaped notch between the coronoid and condylar processes of the ramus
Mandibular notch
35
is an opening on the medial surface of the ramus about its center
Mandibular foramen
36
is a passage within the lower part of the ramus and body of the mandible
Mandibular canal
37
is a single “U” shaped bone that is located in the anterior part of the neck
Hyoid bone
38
It lied horizontally about half-way between the body of the mandible and the thyroid cartilage
Hyoid bone
39
curved anterior part of the hyoid bone
Body
40
extends back from the posterior end of the body on each side as a bent process in the hyoid bone
Greater cornu
41
much smaller and extends up from the greater cornu on each side
Lesser cornu
42
Each cavity is cone shaped, its base lying in front and its apex at the pointed posterior end
The Orbit
43
The supraorbital margin of the base is formed by the _____
frontal bone
44
The infraorbital margin is formed by the ________
maxilla and zygomatic bone
45
The roof of the orbit is formed by the _______
frontal and sphenoid
46
is formed by the maxilla, zygomatic and palatine bones
The floor
47
is formed by the maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, and the body of sphenoid
The medial wall
48
the zygomatic and greater wing of the sphenoid
The lateral wall
49
Chambers of the nose extending from the nostrils or openings (nares), on the face to the nasal pharynx, or throat, behind
The Nasal Cavities
50
right and left; form short passages on the lateral margins of the body of the sphenoid under cover of the lesser wings. Transmits optic nerve and ophthalmic artery
Optic canals or foramina
51
right and left; comma shaped slits in the lateral wall of each orbit close to its posterior end. Transmits several cranial nerves
Superior orbital fissures
52
right and left; are narrow slits between the lateral wall and the floor of the orbit
Inferior orbital fissures
53
is a small circular opening at the medial margin of the greater wing of the sphenoid close to the medial end of the superior orbital fissure.
Foramen rotundum
54
is an oval opening in the base of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone posterior and lateral to the foramen rotundum.
Foramen ovale
55
Transmits a maxillary nerve
Foramen rotundum
56
Transmits mandibular nerve
Foramen ovale
57
is a very small circular opening in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone posterior and lateral to the large foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
58
Transmits the middle meningeal artery to the inner surface of the skull
Foramen spinosum
59
is ragged opening at the apex of the petrous pyramid between it and posterolateral margin of the body of the sphenoid bone
Foramen lacerum
60
It is where the internal carotid artery enters the cranium after it has passed the carotid canal
Foramen lacerum
61
is a hole on the inferior surface of the petrous pyramid about 1 cm posterolateral to the apex
Carotid opening
62
passes from the carotid opening on the inferior surface of the petrous pyramid through this bone to the foramen lacerum
Carotid canal
63
is large irregular opening located between the lateral part of the occipital bone and the petrous pyramid
Jugular foramen
64
The internal jugular vein leaves the cranium through this opening
Jugular foramen
65
is a single very large opening in the basal part of the occipital bone
Foramen magnum
66
is an opening on the posterior surface of the petrous pyramid above the jugular foramen
The internal acoustic opening
67
is a canal that passes from the internal acoustic opening into the internal ear through the petrous part of the temporal bone, carrying the vestibulocochlear nerve
The internal acoustic meatus
68
are gap in bone formation at the angle where several bones meet
Fontanelles
69
a fountain
fonticulus
70
is located in the midline of the vertex of the skull where the posterior surface of the frontal bone meets the anterior and upper margins of the parietal bone
Anterior fontanelle or frontal fontanelle
71
lies in the midline on the upper posterior surface of the skull where the pointed end of the occipital bone meets the post prior margins of the two parietal bones
Posterior fontanelle or occipital fontanelle
72
a tooth
(AS) toth,
| (L) dens
73
Teeth
* 16 in the maxillae, 16 in the mandible
* 20 deciduous
* 32 permanent
74
Parts of a tooth
Crown, neck and root
75
Structure of a tooth
Pulp cavity, dentine, enamel, cement, apical foramen
76
Classification of teeth: permanent
Molar (12)
Premolar (8)
Canine (4)
Incisor (8)
77
is the exposed part, visible in the mouth
Crown
78
are small rounded prominences on the surfaces of the premolar and molar teeth
Cusps
79
is the constricted part where the crown and root meet
The neck
80
the smaller tapered end, is located in the alveolar process of the maxilla or the alveolar part of the mandible
The root
81
is that aspect facing the tongue
Lingual surface
82
is its outer aspect facing the lip or cheek
Labial or buccal surface
83
is the central cavity within a tooth extending from the crown down the root
The pulp cavity (NA dental cavity)
84
is modified bone that surrounds the pulp cavity in both the crown and root
The dentine
85
is a thin covering that forms and outer coat for the crown
The enamel
86
is a layer of modified bone that covers that dentine of the root
The cement
87
is minute opening in the tip of the root by which a nerve and an artery enter, and a vein leaves the pulp cavity
The apical foramen
88
is a layer of fibrous tissue that surround the root of each tooth and attaches it to the wall of the socket in which the tooth lies
The peridental membrane
89
refers to the position of the upper and lower teeth in relation to each other when the mouth is closed
Occlusion
90
the cusps and grooves do not fit into each other, or in some instances opposing teeth may not touch each other
Malocclusion
91
bite off mouthfuls of food
Incisors
92
grind and masticate food
Premolars and molars
93
The object is to break food into _____ so that the digestive juices may come into intimate contact with the food particles when it reaches the digestive organs
small pieces
94
two cone shaped cavities for the eyeballs
Orbits
95
is the point at the outer margin of the eye where the upper and lower eyelid meets
Lateral canthus or external canthus
96
the two chambers of the nose
Nasal cavities
97
is the partition between the two nasal cavities
Nasal septum
98
is the pear shaped hole between the two maxillary bones into the nasal cavities
The piriform opening
99
are cavities within some of the cranial bones
Paranasal sinuses
100
is the expanded cavity at the upper end of the digestive tract
The mouth
101
the prominence on the anterior part of the mandible at the midline
Mentum
102
is the chin
Mentum
103
is the passage leading into the ear and ear drum
External acoustic meatus
104
is the opening leading into the ear and eardrum
External acoustic opening
105
is a slender bridge of bone that extends on each side from in front of the external acoustic opening to the zygomatic bone below, and lateral to, the orbit
Zygomatic arch
106
bony prominence that extends down from the lateral surface of the skull behind the ear
Mastoid process
107
is a small but definite prominence on the occipital bone in the midline
External occipital protuberance
108
flat part
Squamous part
109
are unossified area at the junctions where three bones of the skull meet in the infant
Fontanelles
110
the point on the vertex of the skull where the sagittal suture meets the coronal suture
Bregma
111
the point at the posterior end of the sagittal suture where the occipital and two parietal bones are in contact
Lambda
112
are three depressions on the inner surface of the floor of the skull
Cranial fossae
113
openings in the floor or base of the skull through which nerves and veins leave the cranial cavity or arteries enter it
Basal foramina
114
without a head
Acephalus
115
two heads
Dicephalus, bicephalus (dicephalic)
116
a large head
Macrocephalus (macrocephalic)
117
fluid in the head
Hydrocephalus
118
a small head
Microcephalus (microcephalic)
119
two halves of the soft or hard palate may fail to unite at the midline in the roof of the mouth
Cleft palate
120
the upper lip may fail to unit on one side or other
Hare lip deformity
