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Middle East 20th Century > 9 Nassar Egypt > Flashcards

9 Nassar Egypt Flashcards

1
Q

How did the Ambassador to Egypt (& Sudan) describe King Farouk in 1937?

A

Lazy, playboy, uneducated, untruthful, etc.

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2
Q

How long did he last?

A

He was overthrown in 1952

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3
Q

Who was responsible for his removal?

A

Gamal Abdel Nassar.

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4
Q

What was his philosophy?

A

Arab nationalism.
Pan Arab unity

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5
Q

Did he succeed?

A

No

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6
Q

When did Britain invade Egypt?

A

1882 to stop a civil war.

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7
Q

What was the Convention of Constantinople of 1888?

A

Britain was given control over the** Suez Canal** area?

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8
Q

What control was Britain given at the start of WWI?

A

Egypt was made a protectorate of Britain.

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9
Q

What bad thing happened to Egypt in 1948?

A

They were part of an Arab coalition that attacked Israel and lost.

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10
Q

Who did the Free Officers Movement of the Egyptian army blame the defeat on?

A

King Farouk

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11
Q

What happened near the end of 1951?

A

Nationalist police groups began to support groups attacking British authority.

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12
Q

What happened on Jan 25, 1952?

A

British killed some Egyptian police in retaliation.

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13
Q

What is Jan 5 known as in Egypt?

A

Police Day.

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14
Q

What happened on Police Day in 2011?

A

Mubarik was overthrown.

Arab Spring

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15
Q

Who was Nasser able to recruit to his side?

A

Mahammed Naguib - head of the military forces

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16
Q

What did Farouk do and why didn’t it work?

A

He declared martial law. The British had to enforce it.

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17
Q

Who announced the coup?

A

A Free Officer - Anwar Sadat

He later became Egypt’s 3rd President

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18
Q

How did Britain respond?

A

They didn’t. They called it an internal matter.

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19
Q

What did they do with Farouk?

A

They let him leave for Italy.

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20
Q

What new government emerged?

A

It was run by the Revolutionary Command Council.

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21
Q

What did they declare?

A

No political parties.
A 3-year transitional rule by them.
Abolished the monacrhy.
Made Naguib President.

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22
Q

What happened next?

A

Nassar went afterNaguib and had him arrested. He was held until Sadat released him in 1972.
Nassar took control

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23
Q

What did he do first?

A

Land reform. They limited how much land an individual could hold.

Law #178

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24
Q

What did this do?

A

Increased their agriculture production.
Mad him very popular.

25
Q

Did he get along with the Muslim Brotherhood?

A

No. He feared them.

26
Q

What did the Muslim Brotherhood do?

A

They tried to assassinate him and he retaliated

27
Q

What tested him in 1956?

A

The Suez Crisis.

28
Q

What were Nassar’s issues

A

Paying for the Aswan dam.
Where to buy arms.

29
Q

Who owned the canal in 1956?

A

Mostly Britain and France.

30
Q

How did Nassar change this?

A

He nationalized the canal.

31
Q

What did that give him?

A

Income for the Asawn dam.

32
Q

Who did they close it to?

A

Israel

33
Q

How did Britain respond?

A

A secret pact with France and Israel to invade Eqypt.

34
Q

Who invaded?

A

Israel

35
Q

What did Britain and France do?

A

They told both sides to have a ceasefire.
This had all been pre-planned.
This allowed Britain and France to send in troops.

36
Q

What was the world response?

A

The UN demanded that Britain and France leave.

37
Q

What did this mean for Britain?

A

The beginning of the end of their world power.

British PM Anthony Eden resigned.

38
Q

What did Nassar do?

A

Declare victory over GB and France.
This made him very popular.

39
Q

What did he do next?

A

He expelled 25,000 Jews.

40
Q

What is Egypt’s Jewish population today?

A

Fewer than 20 people.

41
Q

What did Eqypt and Syria do?

A

They joined to create the United Arab Republic from 1958-1961.
Nassar was the President.

42
Q

What did Nassar do in Syria?

A

He went after the Communists.

43
Q

Why didn’t his union work?

A

The Syrians did not get enough power.

44
Q

What did Syria do?

A

Held a coup against Eqgypt.

45
Q

What did Egypt retain?

A

The name United Arab Republic.

46
Q

What did he do next?

A

An unsuccessful 5-year military intervention in North Yemen Civil War..

47
Q

What was his next defeat?

A

6-day war in 1967

48
Q

How did it start?

A

Israel warned Eqgypt not to close the Straights of Tiran to them.

49
Q

What did Nassar do?

A

He closed the Straight of Tiran to Israel.

50
Q

What did Israel do?

A

Wiped out most of Egypt’s Air Force in bombing raids.
They occupied the Sinai Peninsula.

51
Q

Who entered the war?

A

Jordan and Syria - against Israel.
They had existing peace pacts with Egypt.

52
Q

How did Israel respond?

A

They captured the Jordanian West Bank, Egyptian-controlled Gaza strip and Syria’s Golan Heights.

53
Q

What did Nassar do?

A

He resigned but brought back by popular demand.
The military took the blame.

54
Q

What happened in the West Bank?

A

Around 250,000 Palestinians fled or were kicked out.

55
Q

What happened in the Golan Heights?

A

100,000 fled.

56
Q

What happened in Arab countries?

A

Jews were expelled and most went to Israel.

57
Q

What happened in the Arab countries?

A

The Arabs and the arriving Palestinians did not get along,

58
Q

What was created?

A

The Palestinian Liberation Organization.

59
Q

What happened to Nassar?

A

He died of a heart attack at 52 in 1970.

Middle East 20th Century (24 decks)

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