9 Nassar Egypt Flashcards
How did the Ambassador to Egypt (& Sudan) describe King Farouk in 1937?
Lazy, playboy, uneducated, untruthful, etc.
How long did he last?
He was overthrown in 1952
Who was responsible for his removal?
Gamal Abdel Nassar.
What was his philosophy?
Arab nationalism.
Pan Arab unity
Did he succeed?
No
When did Britain invade Egypt?
1882 to stop a civil war.
What was the Convention of Constantinople of 1888?
Britain was given control over the** Suez Canal** area?
What control was Britain given at the start of WWI?
Egypt was made a protectorate of Britain.
What bad thing happened to Egypt in 1948?
They were part of an Arab coalition that attacked Israel and lost.
Who did the Free Officers Movement of the Egyptian army blame the defeat on?
King Farouk
What happened near the end of 1951?
Nationalist police groups began to support groups attacking British authority.
What happened on Jan 25, 1952?
British killed some Egyptian police in retaliation.
What is Jan 5 known as in Egypt?
Police Day.
What happened on Police Day in 2011?
Mubarik was overthrown.
Arab Spring
Who was Nasser able to recruit to his side?
Mahammed Naguib - head of the military forces
What did Farouk do and why didn’t it work?
He declared martial law. The British had to enforce it.
Who announced the coup?
A Free Officer - Anwar Sadat
He later became Egypt’s 3rd President
How did Britain respond?
They didn’t. They called it an internal matter.
What did they do with Farouk?
They let him leave for Italy.
What new government emerged?
It was run by the Revolutionary Command Council.
What did they declare?
No political parties.
A 3-year transitional rule by them.
Abolished the monacrhy.
Made Naguib President.
What happened next?
Nassar went afterNaguib and had him arrested. He was held until Sadat released him in 1972.
Nassar took control
What did he do first?
Land reform. They limited how much land an individual could hold.
Law #178
What did this do?
Increased their agriculture production.
Mad him very popular.
Did he get along with the Muslim Brotherhood?
No. He feared them.
What did the Muslim Brotherhood do?
They tried to assassinate him and he retaliated
What tested him in 1956?
The Suez Crisis.
What were Nassar’s issues
Paying for the Aswan dam.
Where to buy arms.
Who owned the canal in 1956?
Mostly Britain and France.
How did Nassar change this?
He nationalized the canal.
What did that give him?
Income for the Asawn dam.
Who did they close it to?
Israel
How did Britain respond?
A secret pact with France and Israel to invade Eqypt.
Who invaded?
Israel
What did Britain and France do?
They told both sides to have a ceasefire.
This had all been pre-planned.
This allowed Britain and France to send in troops.
What was the world response?
The UN demanded that Britain and France leave.
What did this mean for Britain?
The beginning of the end of their world power.
British PM Anthony Eden resigned.
What did Nassar do?
Declare victory over GB and France.
This made him very popular.
What did he do next?
He expelled 25,000 Jews.
What is Egypt’s Jewish population today?
Fewer than 20 people.
What did Eqypt and Syria do?
They joined to create the United Arab Republic from 1958-1961.
Nassar was the President.
What did Nassar do in Syria?
He went after the Communists.
Why didn’t his union work?
The Syrians did not get enough power.
What did Syria do?
Held a coup against Eqgypt.
What did Egypt retain?
The name United Arab Republic.
What did he do next?
An unsuccessful 5-year military intervention in North Yemen Civil War..
What was his next defeat?
6-day war in 1967
How did it start?
Israel warned Eqgypt not to close the Straights of Tiran to them.
What did Nassar do?
He closed the Straight of Tiran to Israel.
What did Israel do?
Wiped out most of Egypt’s Air Force in bombing raids.
They occupied the Sinai Peninsula.
Who entered the war?
Jordan and Syria - against Israel.
They had existing peace pacts with Egypt.
How did Israel respond?
They captured the Jordanian West Bank, Egyptian-controlled Gaza strip and Syria’s Golan Heights.
What did Nassar do?
He resigned but brought back by popular demand.
The military took the blame.
What happened in the West Bank?
Around 250,000 Palestinians fled or were kicked out.
What happened in the Golan Heights?
100,000 fled.
What happened in Arab countries?
Jews were expelled and most went to Israel.
What happened in the Arab countries?
The Arabs and the arriving Palestinians did not get along,
What was created?
The Palestinian Liberation Organization.
What happened to Nassar?
He died of a heart attack at 52 in 1970.
