16 Terrorism Islam Flashcards
When was Al -Qaeda formed?
1988
When was the term “terrorism” coined?
In France in the 1790s
What was likely the first terrorist group?
Jewish Sicarli (Dagger Wielders) in 1st century Palestine
What group were they a part of?
A radical segment of the Zealots.
What did the Zealots oppose?
Roman occupation of the Holy Land
Which religions do not allow terrorism?
Judaism and Islam
What is a Jew who commits terrorism called?
A Jewish Terrorist (not a Judaic Terrorist)
Therefore, can there be Islamic Terrorism?
No
What is Islamisim?
A belief that a state or the world should be run by Sharia law
What is Sharia Law?
There is no agreement
What else are the Isalmists referred as?
Muslim Fundamentalists
What are Muslim Terrorists also called?
Radical Islamists ot Jihaddists
What is their nature?
They act outside state institutions or borders
What does Jihad mean?
To struggle
What are the 2 interpretations?
- Lesser Jihad = armed conflict
What is the Greater Jihad?
A personal struggle to be a better person.
How do modern-day terrorists take their inspiration from Mecca?
THey want to re-establish the original caliphate that ruled the Muslim world when Muhammad lived
When did it last do so?
From Constantinople until 1922 when the Turks abolished the caliphate.
Who emerged to lead the effort to restore the caliphate?
Sayyid Qutb (Egypt)
After a visit to the US, what did he do when he returned to Egypt (1950s)?
He joined the Muslim Brotherhood
What happened after Nassar took power?
After a failed assassination attempt, he had Qutb and others jailed.
What did King Faisal of Saudi Arabia do in the 1960s?
He gave the Muslim Brotherhood safe haven.
What had happened to Qutb?
In 1966, he was hanged.
What famous terrorist was inspired by Qtub?
Egyptian Ayman al-Zawahiri who succeeded bin Laden after his death.
Was the PLO secular or religious?
Secular
Today, how is the PL Authority viewed?
As a secular, political network, not a terrorist group.
What does Al-Quaeda mean?
The base
Why was it established?
To transport Arab men to Afghanistan to fight the Soviets.
Who were the Mujahideen?
“Those who wage holy war.”
Who supported them in Afghanistan?
US, UK and Pakistan
When the Soviets left Afghanistan, where did al-Quaeda turn?
Against the government of Saudi Arabia for not being religious enough.
What did bin Laden do when Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990?
Tried to help Saudi Arabia help Kuwait.
To keep the US-led coalition forces out?
How did the Saudi government respond.
They weren’t interested.
This made bin Laden mad.
Where did bin Laden end up?
Saudi Arabia
He became anti-western
How have Muslim authorities have responded to these terrorist organizations?
They are mostly not supportive but the press usually doesn’t cover this.
Who has continued this error?
Thomas Friedman
The Muslim religious leaders have concemned them.
