8 Israel Flashcards
What happened in 70 AD [CE]?
The first of the Jewish-Roman wars.
What did the Romans do?
They destroyed the city of Jerusalem [capital of Judea] after an 8-month siege.
What else did they destroy?
The Jewish Temple, leaving one wall.
This was the second time the temple had been destroyed.
Why did the Romans do it?
The Jews were revolting against the Romans.
What did the Romans do to the Jews?
They expelled them.
What does Eretz Israel mean?
The Holy Land.
How long have Jews been in Europe?
over 2,000 years
In the late 19th century where was there state-sanctioned violence against Jews?
Russia.
What did this cause?
An exodus of Jews to the rest of the world.
What was the Dreyfus Affair?
1894 France.
An officer was convicted of selling military secrets to Germany.
What happened next and who got involved?
The person who had actually done it was found innocent.
Emil Zola got involved.
“J’Accuse”
What was the result?
Dreyfus was exonerated and released.
What came out of this?
Zionism - Jews would only be free of this in their own state
Who was Theodor Herzl?
An Austro-Hungarian activist who had covered the Dreyfus Affair.
When did the First Zionist Conference meet?
1897
Did the majority of Jews support the creation of a homeland?
No
What was the objection?
Some Jews were assilmilated where they lived and felt they wouldn’t be welcomed there anymore.
Why did Britain issue the Balfour Declaraion?
To get support for Britain to win World War I.
What happened after WWI?
Jews started migrating to Palenstine
How did the Arabs respons in 1936-1939?
The Arab Revolt in Palestine
What were they revolting against?
The British mandate.
Open-ended Jewish immigration
How did the British government respond?
The White Paper of 1939
What did the White Paper do?
It restricted Jewish immigration and land purchases.
How did it end for the Arabs?
Many of their leaders had been killed by the British.
What happened after WWII?
THe Jews had strong leaders and military experience.
What was the Palestinian Emergency?
Right-wing Jewish groups attacked police because of limits on Jewish immigration during the war.
What happened after the war?
The right-wing Jews committed more terrorist acts until Britain wanted out.
What was the UN Partition plan?
The creation of 2 states, 1 Arab and 1 Jewish with international status for Jerulsalem.
Was it accepted?
Yes, by the Jews.
No, by the Arabs→ they wouldn’t accept a territorial division.
What did the UN do?
They did it anyway.
What happened the next day?
Civil war broke out.
As the Arabs contemplated war, who agreeed to join them?
Syria, Lebanon and Iraq.
What did the Arab civil war morph into?
Arab-Israeli wars.
How did the Arabs fare against Israel?
They not only lost, they lost territory.
What was the result for the Arabs?
400+ villages destroyed.
700,000 Arabs fled.
