20 Seeking Peace Flashcards
What problem were they trying to solve in Oslo, Norway in 1992?
Israel-PLO peace
What was the result?
The Oslo Accords - 1993
Did it work?
Not really.
In 1948, where was the new state of Israel carved from?
The British Protectorate of Palestine
What happened next?
Arab countries tried to destroy Israel before it got started. It backfired.
What happened in subsequent attacks on Israel?
Israel won in 1956, 1967 and 1973
By the mid 1970s, what had changed?
Arab countries were empowered by oil.
How else had the MidEast changed?
Early nationalist leaders gave way to more sophisitcated leaders.
Sadat, Arafat
What did this lead to?
The 1978 agreement between Israel and Egypt.
What did this agreement include?
It called for a Palestinian state in Gaza and the West Bank.
Why didn’t the UN sanction this agreement?
The PLO had not been present.
What type of organization was the PLO?
A secular organization.
Why was the PLO considered a terrorist organization?
They targeted Israeli civilians.
When did that change?
The Madrid Conference in 1991.
What was this?
Israeli/PLO/Arab peace negotiations
What was the first step of the Oslo Accord?
Israel and PLO recognized each other.
What else did they agree?
Palestinian rule in Gaza and Jericho (part of West Bank]
What did PLO have to agree to?
Stop violence
What did Oslo 2 - 1995 - do?
Made agreements to divide the West Bank/
DId it produce a genuine peace?
No
Why?
The citizens of both sides wouldn’t accept it.
Who was Hezbollah?
A Muslim militant rival group for leadership of Palestinians.
What did Hezbollah do?
They opposed the Accords and attacked Israel.
WHen the Palestinians returned to Gaza, what else also happened?
Arafat returned from his exile in Tunisia.
What happened next?
Jordan and Israel signed a peace treaty
What did the US promise Jordan if it would sign a peace treaty with Israel?
To forgive all debts
What stopped the progress?
In 1995, Israeli PM Rabin was assassinated by an Israeli.
What came next?
Terrorist attacks by Hamas.
Who is Hamas?
A Sunni, Palestinian, nationalist, militant group
It has 2 wings, both considered terrorists by the US
What did this lead to in 1996?
Israel elected a conservative PM - Netanyahu
Likud Party
What was Netanyahu’s position?
He opposed the Oslo Accords and would not implement them.
What followed?
1998 - Israel began building new settlements
What happened next?
Barak [Labor Party] won the next PM election and tried to get peace started again.
What did Clinton do in 2000?
He brought Barak and Arafat together but they could not reach an agreement.
How was momentum finally lost?
Clinton left office.
And in 2001, Barak was out.
