11 French Algerian War Flashcards
What did France acknowledge in 1999?
That it had been at war with Algeria from 1954-1962
What had they referred to it up to then?
Operations to Maintain Order
What was the war really?
Algeria trying to break from France.
What was it also?
A civil war
What were the 5 ME/NA countries under French control?
Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Lebanon and Syria
What mandates did WWI armistice create for France?
Syria and Lebanon
What did Lebanon establish in 1943?
The National Pact - a power-sharing agreement among its ethnic/religious parties.
It was unwritten
What type of governement did they create?
A Parliamentary Republic
How is the President in Lebanon chosen?
The President is a Maronite Christian (Catholic)
How is the Prime Minister in Lebanon chose?
A Sunni Muslim
How is the Speaker in Lebanon chose?
A Shia Muslim
When did the French mandate end?
1945
What is its official language?
Arabic, but occasionally French is required.
When did France leave Syria?
1946
What type of government did they choose?
Also a Parliamentary Republic
What language do they speak?
Just Arabic. Their French population was much smaller than Lebanon.
How long was it before another French colony became independent?
A decade.
Morooco, ALgeria and Tunisia were closer to France.
What happened when DeGaulle became President?
He said that under no circumstances would the colonies be freed.
Which French colony was the one to push back first?
Vietnam in 1946.
The First IndoChina War
How did that end?
A humiliating defeat for France in 1954.
What else happened?
A Geneva accord temporarily split it in 1954 until elections could be held in 1956
How was France affected by the defeat in Vietnam?
It made them determined to keep Algeria.
What did France do in 1956?
Granted freedom to Morocco and Tunisia?
Why?
France had not been in those 2 countries as long as they had been in Algeria.
When did France invade Algeria?
1830
What happened in 1848?
Algeria was incorporated into France.
At the time of the war, what was the situation?
Descendents of French settlers (10%) had access to the best jobs and lands.
Why were the Algerians who fought the French good?
Because they had fought for the French during WWII.
What was the Phillippeville Massacre?
The Algerian National Liberation Front massacred 123 French people in 1955.
What weapon did France use against the NLF?
Napalm
What did the French Legion do to some NLF sympathizers?
Walled them into a cave where they suffocated
What did both sides use?
Torture
What happened in France in 1958?
The Fourth Republic fell.
Degaulle came to power in a coup.
This created the Fifth Republic
What eventually happened?
World opinion was against France.
De Gaulle gave them their independence in 1962.
What first steps did Algeria take?
Emphasized the Arabic language.
