8- Building Construction- Masonry and Ordinary Construction Flashcards
The primary benefit of masonry components is their ______ and inherent ______ to weather, fire, and insects.
Durability ; Resistance
Drawbacks of masonry construction include:
(two answers)
-Long term deterioration of mortar joints
-The labor intensiveness of laying individual units by hand
____ _____ ____ are the most common concrete masonry units (CMUs).
Hollow Concrete Blocks
Hollow concrete blocks are produced in a number of sizes and shapes; the MOST COMMON is the nominal _ x _ x __ inch block.
8x8x16” block
The primary function of mortar is to:
Bond individual masonry units into a solid mass.
The ____ _____ are often the weakest part of a masonry wall.
Mortar Joints
Mortar is available in five basic types with compressive strengths ranging from __psi to __psi.
75 - 2,500psi
A well-constructed masonry wall that has not been undermined or weakened is usually the last ____ _____ to fail in a wood-joisted building.
Structural Component
Masonry is most relevant to firefighters when it is used in _____.
Walls
Some masonry materials, such a gypsum block and lightweight concrete block, are limited to use in ____-_____ partition walls.
Nonload-Bearing
Nonreinforced masonry walls are usually limited to a maximum height of __ stories.
Six
A ____ is a single vertical column of masonry units in a wall. A _____ is a horizontal layer of individual masonry units.
Wythe ; Course
A ____ course has bricks places end-to-end
A ____ course has bricks placed vertically on end
A ____ course has bricks placed with the end facing out
Stretcher
Solider
Header
In ______ (CBBF) masonry construction, a brick wythe is commonly used in combination with a concrete block wythe. Metal tie rods made be used for reinforcement. The cavity between the wythes is then filled with grout.
Concrete Block Brick Faced
The reinforcement of masonry walls can take other forms and can include architectural features, such as:
(three answers)
-Buttresses
-Flying Buttresses
-Pilasters
In many residential and small commercial buildings, the wood joists or beams simply rest on masonry wall in an indentation known as a ___ ____. These are several inches deep to provide an adequate bearing surface for the beam.
Beam Pocket
____ ___: Angled cut made at the end of a wood joist or wood beam that rests in a masonry wall to allow the beam to fall away freely from the wall in case of failure of the beam. This helps the beam from acting as a lever to push against the masonry.
Fire Cut
Masonry over an opening is supported by the use of a ____, an ____, or a ____.
Lintel ; Arch ; Corbel
A ____ is the most common method of supporting loads over openings in masonry walls. They are a beam over an opening, usually made of steel, reinforced concrete, or reinforced masonry.
Lintel
A parapet is an extension of a masonry or steel wall that projects above the roof ___ or more.
1 foot
A masonry building is sometimes provided with a decorative false front or _____ through renovation or the original design. These can create a combustible void that is not normally encountered with masonry walls.
Facade
*aka “false roof” or “fascia”
Collapse zones are typically at least ___ times the height of the building all around the building’s perimeter.
1.5x
Because intersecting masonry walls support each other, the corners of the building or other points of intersection, such as _____ or ______, will be the STRONGEST points in a masonry structure.
Stairwells or Elevator Shafts
One way to stabilize a masonry structure under normal conditions is to extend a series of steel ___ ____ inside the building through the masonry walls ____ to the joists, and secure them in place outside the wall with ___ ____ or ____ ____.
Tie Rods
Parallel
Bearing Plates or Structural Washers
Tie Rods usually have a ______ to adjust the tension in the rod.
Turnbuckle
One potential problem with the use of tie rods is that the steel rods can become _____ under fire conditions and _____, weakening the walls.
Heated ; Stretch
