6- Initial Response S&T- Tactics Flashcards
____ searches involve a systematic pattern, such a left-handed or right-handed search. These searches require the least amount of training and supervision to be performed.
General/Traditional
____ searches use a systematic approach in which the team can quickly and effectively search specific rooms or clusters of rooms. The team leader utilizes a TIC to increase the efficiency of the search method and keeps track of the search progress. These searches require advanced training in these methods and equipment and require a higher level of supervision to be performed.
Oriented
____ ____ searches are used to conduct a search of a large or complex area that is filled with smoke. These searches require advanced training in these methods and equipment utilized and a higher level of supervision to be performed.
Wide-Area
____ is utilized when it is suspected or probable that a victim is present in a specific room or compartment within the structure and there is a direct access point to enter the room, typically a window.
VEIS (Vent, Enter, Isolate, Search)
What are the detailed steps for VEIS?
V- Ventilate the opening to allow access to the compartment
E- Enter the compartment to be searched
I- Isolate the compartment by closing doors and other openings
S- Search the compartment quickly
During the secondary search, ____ is more important than ____.
Thoroughness is more important than speed
The following factors determine whether fire extension will affect nearby external exposures:
*6 answers
-Type of construction of the building on fire and the exposed structure
-Type of fire protection systems or lack of systems i fire and exposed structure
-Building separation distances
-Active and passive barriers to fire spread
-Nonstructural exposures
-Weather conditions
A ____ ____ on the fire using solid or straight stream uses water or foam MOST efficiently on FUEL-CONTROLLED fires.
Direct Attack
A/An ____ ____ on the fire using a straight stream or solid stream uses water MOST efficiently on VENTILATION-CONTROLLED fires.
Indirect Attack
A/An ____ ____ can be considered gas cooling if performed on the interior of the structure. It can also be considered transitional if performed beginning on the exterior.
Indirect Attack
____ ____ is not a fire extinguishment method but is a way of reducing heat release from the hot gas layer. This technique is effective when faced with a shielded fire.
Gas Cooling
The transitional attack is a/an _____ tactic in which a hoseline is deployed from the exterior of the structure where smoke and/or flames are visible to gain control of the fire prior to deployment of interior hoselines.
OFFENSIVE
Firefighters conducting the transitional attack should ensure that the nozzle is not:
Placed on a fog pattern
*must also avoid movement of the stream within the opening
When done correctly, _______ reduces the thermal effect on firefighters as they perform an interior operation.
Positive-Pressure Attack (PPA)
PPA is only an effective tactic if the location of the fire is known and the appropriate exhaust-to-intake ratio can be achieved. What is that ratio?
Greater than 1
(exhaust is bigger than intake)
____ operations can begin once the main body of the fire has been extinguished and a safety assessment conducted at the direction of the IC deems that it is safe to begin.
Overhaul
The footprint of houses has increased over ___% between 1973 and 2008. At the same time, lot sizes have shrunk approximately ___%, reducing firefighter access and increasing potential exposure risks.
Increased over 150%
Shrunk approximately 25%
A ____ ____ should be used during the size-up to assist in locating the fire and determining the location of where ventilation openings should be made or controlled.
Thermal Imager (TIC)
The following weather conditions can affect tactical vetilation:
*5 answers
-WIND
-Temperature
-Atmospheric Pressure
-Precipitation
-Relative Humidity
The MOST important weather-related influence on ventilation is:
Wind
When the IC gives the order to perform natural horizontal ventilation, windows and doors on the ____ side of the structure should be opened first to create an exhaust opening. Openings on the ____ side of the structure are then opened to permit fresh air to enter, forcing the smoke toward the exhaust openings.
Downwind first (low pressure side)
Upwind next (high pressure side)
_________ ventilation is the oldest type of mechanical ventilation. Personnel use smoke ejectors to expel (pull) smoke from a structure by developing artificial air flow or enhancing natural ventilation.
Negative-Pressure Ventilation (NPV)
Mechanical ventilation is accomplished through ____ ____ or ____ ____.
Negative Pressure or Positive Pressure
When using ______, the intent is to increase the pressure higher than the exterior of the structure, not higher than the fire can produce.
Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV)
The disadvantages of PPV are:
*3 answers
-The structure may have some remaining compartmentation
-Exhaust from gas-powered fans can add CO to a structure
-Hidden fires may be accelerated and spread throughout the building
Some responsibilities of the roof ventilation team leader can include:
Ensuring that there are ___ means of egress from the roof.
TWO
The personnel required for search and rescue firefighting operations in high-rise buildings is often __ to __ times as great as required for a fire in a typical low-rise building.
4 to 6 times
Typical tools and equipment used in salvage operations include but are not limited to:
*6 answers
-Salvage covers
-Electrical tools
-Mechanical tools
-Plumbing tools
-General carpentry tools
-Mops, squeegees, and buckets
