5- Building Construction- Interior Finishes and Passive Fire Resistance Flashcards
____ _____ include the materials used for the exposed face of the walls and ceilings of a building, and are not limited to the structural materials.
Interior Finishes
Interior finishes can include:
-Plaster
-Gypsum wallboard
-Wood paneling
-Ceiling tiles
-Plastic
-Fiberboard
-Wall coverings (inc. decorative furnishings, vegetation, and draperies)
Interior finishes may be classified as “trim” if they meet the following (three) conditions:
-Don’t exceed 10% of the wall and ceiling area
-Distributed throughout space
-Don’t constitute a large continuous surface
___ ____ is the movement of a flame away from an ignition source.
Flame Spread
The most significant factor that determines a fuel’s burn rate is the combination of the fuel and the available _____.
Oxygen
Building codes usually exclude reference to surface treatments such as paint and wallpaper that are no thicker than ____.
1/28 inch
The fire spread rating of some interior finishes, most notably wood materials, can be reduced through the use of properly applied fire retardant coatings. Types of fire-retardant coating available include:
-Intumescent Coatings (expands when exposed to the heat of a fire)
-Mastics (form a thick, noncombustible coating over the surface of the wood)
-Gas-forming paints
-Cementitious and mineral fiber coatings
The standard test used for measuring the surface burning characteristics of interior finish materials is referred to as _______.
ASTM E-84
*aka “The Steiner Tunnel Test”, “The Tunnel Test”, and “ASTM E-84 UL 723”
The ____ ____ ____ established by the ASTM E-84 test is a means of comparing the surface flammability of an unknown material to standard materials under controlled test conditions.
Flame Spread Rating
The higher the flame spread rating, the more rapidly flame will spread. Flame spread ratings over ___ are not permitted in occupancies, per code.
200
The ____ ____ ____ is a measure of the relative visual obscurity in an area because of the smoke generated by a burning material.
Smoke Developed Rating
Test results should be used as _____, not guaranteed outcomes.
Benchmarks
____ ____ must have sufficient fire resistance and structural stability to serve as an absolute barrier to a fire and structural collapse on either side of the wall.
Fire Walls
By continuing a fire wall through the roof with a parapet wall, sufficient separation is achieved. The parapet height above a combustible roof is determined by the building code and varies from __ to __ inches.
18 to 36”
____ _____ are interior walls that do not qualify as fire walls but are used to subdivide a floor or area of a building.
Fire Partitions
The purpose of enclosure walls is to block the vertical spread of fire through a building’s openings including:
-Stairwells
-Stairwell exit passages
-Elevator shafts
-Pipe chases
Stairwells in buildings four stories or lower are required to have a __ hour rated enclosure. In buildings taller than four stories, stairwells are required to have __ hour rated enclosures.
1 ; 2
Curtain walls serve the following functions:
-Resist environmental loads
-Control heat loss
-Limit noise transmission
-Limit solar radiation
Curtain walls are often ____-_____, meaning they support only their own weight.
Nonload-bearing
Some curtain walls are ______ but have no ___ _____, such as those made of aluminum and glass.
Noncombustible ; fire resistance
Fire doors are rated in increments from __ minutes to __ hours.
20 minutes to 4 hours
A ______ door ordinarily closes under the force of gravity when a fusible link melts or a smoke detector releases the hold-open device.
Rolling (overhead)
Rolling (overhead) doors are constructed of interlocking steel slats with other operating components including:
-Releasing device
-Speed governor
-Counterbalance mechanism
-Wall guides
Horizontal ____ ____ ____ are often found in older industrial buildings. These doors are usually held open with a fusible link.
Sliding Fire Doors
____ _____ doors commonly protect stairwell enclosures and corridors. They are available with ratings from 20 minutes to 3 hours.
Swinging Fire
Types of special-purpose fire doors include ____ ____ or _____ doors. Both types of doors are motor driven and require electrical power for operation. Frequently used where a fire-rated partition is required and the designer doesn’t wish to provide a fixed wall to create an unobstructed floor plan.
Horizontally Sliding Accordion ; Folding
Restrictions regulate the allowable area of glass in fire doors. Fire doors with ratings of 1-3 hours can have glass panels up to ___ square inches in area per door.
100
