4- Initial Response S&T- Size-Up: Evaluation and Assessment

Question 1

The size-up process begins:

Answer 1

When the alarm is sounder or your pager is activated.

Question 2

PRIOR to the arrival of fire personnel, some of the things you can verify immediately include:

*3 answers

Answer 2

-Time of day
-Weather conditions
-Capabilities of your department’s response

Question 3

The facts of the situation are things that you know to be true. Facts are based on the following:

*4 answers

Answer 3

-Preincident survey of the site
-Knowledge of building construction and occupancy
-The current time of day/day of week and on-scene observations, including a 360 degree survey
-Knowledge of basic fire development

Question 4

Your perceptions are based on observations influenced by your knowledge, biases, beliefs, and past experiences. Maintain _____ ____ and continually reassess the situation to prevent from developing tunnel vision.

Answer 4

Situational Awareness

*your emotions may influence your perceptions

Question 5

Probabilities are things that are likely to occur based on a given situation. Your ability to predict what might happen next at a scene is based on your knowledge and experience of the following:

*3 answers

Answer 5

-Fire Behavior
-Building Construction
-Fire Fighting Activities

Question 6

According to the AHJ, the ARRIVAL REPORT may contain:

*4 answers

Answer 6

-Unit number and update of address if needed
-Brief description of the scene (including the extent of fire conditions)
-Status of water supply
-Establish Command, define the strategy

Question 7

A situational update report during a 360-degree survey may include:

*4 answers

Answer 7

-Special considerations and hazards
-Entrance and egress points
-Intended initial actions and assignments for incoming units
-Requests for any additional resources

Question 8

Your arrival report provides other responding units with an idea of what they will encounter. You are describing the fire scene for crews who have not arrived yet. It should clearly portray what is to be expected by giving a description of the scene, including:

*6 answers

Answer 8

-Building type and size
-Extent and location of fire
-Life safety issues
-Occupancy type
-Water supply needs or availability
-Type and location of any special hazards (barriers that could impede access, location/condition of victims, downer power lines, etc.)

Question 9

The ____ ____ includes: Command statement, location/type of command post, description of initial actions, and command option (investigation, offensive/defensive attack, rescue mode, etc.)

Answer 9

Arrival Report

Question 10

Firefighters should learn how to “read” smoke at a fire. The quantity and movement of smoke will indicate factors, including:

*2 answers

Answer 10

-Potential fuels involved and potential hazards to responders
-Location and stage of the fire, and its direction of travel

Question 11

Light ____ Smoke (color) indicates that pyrolysis is occurring in areas adjacent to the main body of fire. The color indicates moisture and gases are being released from the product.

Answer 11

White

Question 12

____ Smoke (color) has lost particles because the particles have cooled from travel, water, and the addition of cold air. On cold days when the temperature is below freezing, smoke immediately turns ____ and turbulent on leaving the structure.

Answer 12

White

Question 13

____ Smoke (color) explosion is rare.

Answer 13

White

Question 14

_____ (color) wispy smoke can indicate pyrolysis in a compartment fire and should be considered unburned fuel.

Answer 14

White

Question 15

____ (color) smoke is common in mid-stage heating as moisture mixes with gases and carbon as pyrolysis increases.

Answer 15

Brown

Question 16

It is common in mid-to late-stage heating to see the ____ color brown smoke.

Answer 16

Caramel

Question 17

_____ (color) smoke is an indication of burning wood, whether finished (attics) or unfinished (structural wood members).

Answer 17

Brown

Question 18

____ (color) smoke indicates a combination of mixing. Can be mid-stage heating with white, brown, or black, or it can be when different smoke areas combine. Can indicate smoke production changes from mid-stage heating to high heat.

Answer 18

Gray

Question 19

____ (color) smoke contains high quantities of carbon particles and is also an indicator of the amount of ventilation available at the seat of the fire. The THICKER the smoke, the LESS clean burning and the LESS oxygen available.

Answer 19

Black

Question 20

Black smoke contains unburned fuels and is a good indicator of _____ _____ and many other flammable and toxic gases.

Answer 20

Carbon Monoxide

Question 21

Thin ____ (color) smoke is the direct result of heat from a flame. When it’s fast-moving or otherwise active, it indicates the fire is nearby.

Answer 21

Black

Question 22

Thick ____ (color) smoke suggests the fire is in the late stages of pyrolysis, which produces large amounts of carbon as unburned product. This indicates a high percentage of CO gas in smoke, creating a highly flammable and toxic atmosphere.

Answer 22

Black

Question 23

____ ____ refers to dense, black smoke (fuel) that is ready to ignite, possibly at the vent point.

Answer 23

Black Fire

Question 24

When black fire becomes ventilation controlled and fills its immediate area, it can become a ____ or ____ ____ hazard.

Answer 24

Backdraft or Smoke Explosion

Question 25

When encountering black fire (thick, black smoke) the best way to reduce the potential for a flashover is to:

Answer 25

Apply water to cool the ceiling area

Question 26

Unusual color smoke should give personnel an indication that:

Answer 26

Different extinguishing agents may be needed.

Question 27

A high neutral plane may indicate that a fire is in the ____ stages of development. A higher neutral plane can indicate that you are _______ from the seat of the fire. A high neutral plane can also indicate a fire ____ your level.

Answer 27

Early stages of development
Further away from the seat of the fire
Fire above your level

Question 28

When the neutral plane is roughly centered between the ceiling and floor, the fire is beginning to be ventilation controlled, and ____ conditions are developing. A neutral plane close to the floor may indicate that the compartment is reaching ____ conditions or that the fire is at a grade ____ the room being observed.

Answer 28

Flashover
Flashover
Below

Question 29

_____ pushed smoke will usually flow, neither smooth nor turbulent. It floats out of openings, rising slowly.

Answer 29

Volume

Question 30

The ____ the smoke, the lower the visibility, and the more likely that heat buildup indicates a pending flashover.

Answer 30

Denser

Question 31

The movement of smoke can be described in terms of ____ and ____. When those two factors are considered at the same time, they are discussed in terms of velocity.

Answer 31

Speed and Direction

Question 32

A rapid intake of fresh air can be an indicator of a fire reaching ____ conditions. A sudden and total rush of fresh air into a compartment can indicate that a ____ condition is imminent.

Answer 32

Flashover

Backdraft

Question 33

Whistling noise created by the movement of air into the structure can indicate fire conditions approaching or at the ____ ____ phase. Take caution opening a structure with this indicator.

Answer 33

Ventilation-limited

Question 34

Three common types of movement in smoke are:

Answer 34

-Floating/Hanging
-Volume Pushed
-Heat Pushed

Question 35

HEAT PUSHED SMOKE is characterized by its speed and direction, which can be described as a ____ flow (bubbling, boiling, chaotic) or ____ flow (smooth, straight).

Answer 35

Turbulent = bubbling, boiling, chaotic
Laminar = smooth, straight

Question 36

Black smoke indicates that a fire has a/an ___ area of travel; White smoke indicates a ____ area of travel.

Answer 36

Black smoke - open area of travel
White smoke- filtered area of travel

Question 37

While following the progress of your IAP and continuing to size-up the scene, you can use the acronym “CARA,” which stands for:

Answer 37

Conditions
Actions
Resources
Air

Question 38

A/An ____ ____ ____ is a type of size-up that should be employed to evaluate the potential of an occupant being alive within a structural fire environment.

Answer 38

Occupant Survival Profile

Question 39

The environment within a modern structural fire can quickly exceed ___F with the potential for flashover (approximately ____F) to occur within minutes.

Answer 39

500*F

1,110*F

Question 40

Originated by the air transportation industry, ____ ____ ____ is a system that optimizes the utilization of all available resources, personnel, procedures, and equipment to promote safety and improve operational efficiency.

Answer 40

Crew Resource Management (CRM)

Question 41

CRM training achieves its goals of increasing scene safety and responder effectiveness by emphasizing the following topics:

*5 answers

Answer 41

-Communications
-Situational Awareness
-Decision Making
-Teamwork
-Barriers

Question 42

Means of egress that you should consider are:

*5 answers

Answer 42

-Doors
-Windows
-Stairs
-Fire Escapes
-Dead End Corridors

Question 43

Special hazardous conditions are rarely visible during your size-up. Your preincident plan should contain any information regarding these hazards, which can tell you:

*3 answers

Answer 43

-Alterations
-Change in occupancy or use
-Storage

Question 44

The life hazard to occupants will be largely determined by _______ and _______.

Answer 44

The occupancy type and the time of day

Question 45

Knowing firefighters’ life safety hazards is your primary concern. This knowledge includes:

*3 answers

Answer 45

-Air Management
-Rehabilitation
-Crew Resources

Question 46

Hotels, motels, and guest accommodations are likely to be occupied by _____ residents who are unfamiliar with the structure, the exits, or the evacuation plan. Assistance in evacuating the structure may be NECESSARY.

Answer 46

Transient

Question 47

The “two cylinder rule” determines when to send personnel to _____.

Answer 47

Rehab

Question 48

In many situations at ______ occupancies, sheltering in place or protecting occupants where they are is more practical and effective than evacuation.

Answer 48

Institutional

(prisons, jails, drug rehab facilities, etc.)

Question 49

An assembly occupancy is defined as a building or structure, or any portion thereof, that is used for the gather of __ or more persons.

Answer 49

50

Question 50

Typically in assembly occupancies, exits are only required to be unlocked:

Answer 50

During business hours

Question 51

Although the terms VACANT and ABANDONED may be used to describe the same conditions, the key difference is:

Answer 51

The length of time the structure has been unused or uninhabitable.

(abandoned has been longer)