11- Company Officer- Delivery of Emergency Services Flashcards
The _________ serves as the basis for safe and efficient incident scene management.
Incident Command System (ICS)
The _______ emergency services personnel establish command, make decisions, and take actions that will influence the rest of the operation.
First-arriving
A ______ command structure is necessary when an incident involves or threatens to involve more than one jurisdiction or agency. It may be appropriate within a single jurisdiction if multiple agencies are affected.
Unified
NFPA 1021 requires the Fire Officer I to be able to develop an initial ____________. Lloyd Layman used the term “plan of operation” to describe the same concept. According to NFPA 1561, it establishes the overall strategic decisions and assigned tactical objectives for an incident.
Incident Action Plan (IAP)
Used by NIMS-ICS, the __________ was initially developed for the US Coast Guard’s “Oil Spill Field Operations Guide” and has evolved for all-risk, all-hazard responses. The IAP results from this planning process.
Operational Planning “P” Model
The Operational Planning “P” Model focuses on the first five steps of the NIMS-ICS planning process:
- Understand the situation (size up)
- Establish incident objectives and strategies
- Develop the IAP
- Prepare and disseminate the plan (make assignments)
- Evaluate and revise the plan
Fire Chief Lloyd Layman created his RECEO-VS decision-making model in the 1950s. The acronym identifies a list of strategic goals for an incident. The acronym RECEO-VS stands for:
Rescue
Exposures
Confinement
Extinguishment
Overhaul
Ventilation
Salvage
A newer acronym to summarize structural fire fighting tactical goals, _______ is recommended for use by first-arriving crews to initiate command and control of an incident. This method incorporates recent research about ventilation control, flow paths, and modern fire behavior into tactical priorities.
SLICE-RS
SLICE-RS is composed of five sequential actions and two actions of opportunity. The five sequential actions are:
And the two actions of opportunity are:
Five sequential actions:
Size-up
Locate the fire
Identify and control flow path
Cool the space from the safest distance
Extinguish the fire
Two actions of opportunity:
Rescue
Salvage
________ is a system that optimizes the utilization of all available resources, personnel, procedures, and equipment in order to promote safety and improve operational efficiency.
*Originated by the air transportation industry
Crew Resource Management (CRM)
Incident priorities at ALL emergency incidents are always considered in this order:
-Life Safety (firefighters and civilians)
-Incident Stabilization
-Property/Environmental Conservation
L.I.P.
________ takes precedence over all other considerations, which means that, if necessary, a building may be allowed to burn for a time to facilitate a rescue. Conversely, it can also mean that attacking the fire to stabilize the incident is the best way to save someone.
Life Safety
OSHA requires ____/____ procedures. Any time a company officer has crew members engage in an Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) situation, they must work in teams of at least __ members and there must be __ properly equipped crew members stationed in position to conduct an emergency rescue.
2-in/2-out
2 ; 2
In a 2-in/2-out situation, the 2-out members are known as the __________.
Initial Rapid Intervention Crew (IRIC)
________ is the identification, assessment, analysis, control, avoidance, and minimization or elimination of risk.
Risk Management
___________ is a type of size-up that should be employed to evaluate the potential of a victim being alive within an IDLH environment.
Victim Survivability Profiling
**(sometimes called Occupant Survivability Profiling)
The environment within a structural fire can exceed ____ within 3-4 minutes with the potential for flashover to occur within ___ minutes.
500 degrees F
5 minutes
The upper human survivability limit is _____ degrees F, according to the NFPA.
212
The size-up process begins _______ an incident is reported and ______ throughout the incident.
BEFORE ; CONTINUES
Layman described the following (five) considerations needed for analyzing any emergency situation:
-Facts (things that are true)
-Probabilities (things that are likely to happen)
-Own Situation (your own knowledge about the situation)
-Decision (initial use of resources followed by supplemental resource needs)
-Plan of Operation (information compiled into IAP’s)
The size-up process begins before an incident is reported. The information gathered in the _________ process is a critical part of size-up and is collected prior to an incident when the data can be carefully reviewed, analyzed, recorded, and distributed.
Preincident Planning
En route to an incident, company officers should:
-Review the building’s preplan if available
-Observe weather conditions
-Observe the amount, color and movement of smoke that the fire produces
-Consider every structure to be occupied until determined otherwise
-Be aware of the resources responding or that may be needed
Upon arrival, an incident may not have visible indicators of a significant event. These situations generally require that the first-arriving company ______, while other responding companies remain staged. The officer of the first-in company should assume command and go with the company to do so, using a portable radio to command the incident.
Investigate
Fire fighting can be dangerous and full of risk, so one of the first decisions the initial IC needs to make is based on a ________ evaluation. A company officer’s failure to conduct this evaluation is the ultimate example of not being responsible for the safety of the personnel assigned to the officer.
Risk/Benefit
In a ______ mode, the risk versus gain to firefighters is too significant to make an interior fire attack,
Defensive
Protecting the exposed buildings from further loss and confining the fire to the structure(s) involved is considered a _____ mode.
Defensive
Indicators of defensive operation include:
-Danger of imminent collapse
-The building is already lost
-Survival of any victims trapped inside is unlikely
-Lack of available resources to effectively deal with the problems
________ means controlling the environment in which responders must work and bystanders or victims may find themselves. It is essential to ensuring the life safety of responders, victims, and bystanders.
Scene Control
Establishing three operating zones, commonly labeled as hot, warm, and cold, is the most common and effective way to control the ______ of an incident scene.
Perimeter
Area where resolving the problem takes place. Only personnel who are directly involved in disposing of the problem are allowed.
Hot Zone
Area immediately outside the hot zone for personnel who are directly supporting the work being performed by those in the hot zone. These personnel are in full PPE and ready to enter the hot zone.
Warm Zone
Area immediately surrounding the hot and warm zones that may include the ICP with a rapid intervention crew (RIC) nearby, PIO’s location, rehab area, and staging areas for personnel and portable equipment. The outer boundary of this area would be the control line for the general public.
Cold Zone
________ are the overall plans for controlling an incident. They are broad, general statements of the final outcomes to be achieved, i.e. Life Safety, Incident Stabilization, Property Conservation.
Strategic Goals
______ are specific statements of measurable outcomes. Achieving them leads to the completion of strategic goals. Units and personnel are assigned specific tasks to achieve each one.
Tactical Objectives
Initiating search and rescue, providing a water curtain to protect exposures, containing a HazMat spill, and using salvage covers to route water from the building’s second floor are all examples of:
Tactical Objectives
________ involved limiting spread of the problem to the area or property of origin by taking action to save adjacent structures that are uninvolved or only slightly involved.
Exposure Control
Once an emergency incident has been terminated, the company officer may still participate in two important activities:
-Determining its cause
-Preparing a postincident analysis (PIA)
The perimeter for explosions should be established at ____ times the distance from the farthest piece of debris found.
1.5
Three primary classifications of evidence are:
Direct, Circumstantial, Physical
Observations of witnesses, statements from building occupants, statements from firefighters who fought the fire, and records/documents obtained after the fire are all examples of:
Evidence
_____ evidence is composed of facts to which a person can attest without further support. It is found through the five physical senses.
Direct
______ evidence supports an inference formed from direct evidence. More than one inference can be drawn from this type of evidence.
Circumstantial
Examples of _____ evidence include:
A witness says a person was running away from a building when the fire was reported
A smoldering cigarette started a fire noticed shortly after someone emptied an ashtray into a trash receptacle
Circumstantial
_______ evidence includes physical objects or artifacts available for inspection. AKA tangible evidence.
Physical
_______ is a broad concept, encompassing anything that can taint physical evidence.
Contamination
_______ refers to evidence that is damaged, altered, lost or destroyed by someone who has the responsibility to preserve it.
Spoliation
After an incident, two primary areas of analysis are:
-The application and effectiveness of the operational strategy and tactics
-Personnel safety
The responsibility for collecting safety-related information for a PIA is assigned to the _______, according to NFPA 1500.
Incident Safety Officer (ISO)
The primary concerns for the “Safety Issues” portion of a PIA are to identify the following elements:
-Violations of the organization’s SOPs/SOGs
-Future topics for company training
-Poorly defined operational procedures
-Unforeseen situations
-Training deficiencies identified through the evaluation of skills demonstrated at the scene
The goal of an “After Action Review” is:
To acknowledge any weaknesses and to applaud strengths evident in the analysis.
A formal “After Action Review” should be held once all necessary information has been gathered and reviewed. This critique should occur within _____ of the incident.
One Week
