5- HazMat- Identify Potential Hazards- Containers Flashcards
There are FOUR major types of containers:
-Pressure Containers
-Cryogenic Containers
-Liquid-Holding Containers
-Solids-Holding Containers
Per NFPA definitions, low pressure storage tanks have operation pressures from __ to __ psi. Pressure vessels (including many large cryogenic liquid storage tanks) have pressures of __ psi or greater.
Low Pressure = 0.5 to 15 psi
Pressure Vessels = 15 psi or greater
Pressure containers can experience any type of breach, although releases from _______ and/or damaged fittings are most common.
Pressure Relief Devices
Pressure relief devices are typically set to activate at ___% of the tank’s TEST PRESSURE.
75% of tank’s TEST PRESSURE
_____ is a function of some cryogenic containers and may not indicate a system failure.
Venting
Cryogenic containers can experience any type of breach, although releases from ______ and/or damaged fittings are most common.
Pressure Relief Devices
Cryogenic containers release cold liquids or vapors that rapidly ____ into expanding gases.
Boil
Most solids-holding containers will be damaged via mechanical stressors rather than the physical properties of the materials contained in them. EXCEPTIONS include:
*2 answers
-Reactive Materials (oxidizers, peroxides, explosives)
-Water Reactive Materials
Cryogenic liquid storage tanks (bulk facility) may have pressures of __ psi or greater, with capacities from ___ to ____ gallons.
15 psi or greater
Capacities from 300 to 400,000 gallons
*some new LNG tanks have a capacity of 30 to 60 millions gallons
Low pressure storage tanks (bulk facility) have operating pressures from ___ to ___ psi.
Types of low pressure storage tanks include the following 3:
0.5 to 15 psi
Types include: Dome Roof Tanks, Spheroid Tanks, Noded Spheroid Tanks
Low pressure storage tanks (bulk facility) typically contain flammable and combustible liquids with low vapor pressures, such a solvents. A first priority at incidents involving these containers is:
Eliminating ignition sources
The maximum pressure under which an atmospheric tank (bulk facility) is capable of holding its contents is ___ psi.
0.5 psi
_____ tanks (bulk facility) typically hold liquids, most often hydrocarbons.
Nonpressure/atmospheric
Treat interiors of bulk nonpressure/atmospheric tanks as:
Confined spaces.
_____ storage tanks are typically constructed of steel, fiberglass, or steel with a fiberglass coating. They also usually contain liquids (typically gasoline) and are classified as low pressure or nonpressure/atmospheric.
Underground
Features of underground storage tanks include more than __ % of their surface areas being underground.
More than 10%
Even highway vehicles without placards may be carrying quantities of hazardous materials, such as fuel in _______.
Saddle Tanks
Cargo tank specification and name plates provide information about the standards to which the container/tank was built. These plates are usually found on the ____ side of the tank, between the ____ and the _____.
Roadside/Driver’s side
Between the front edge of the tank and the dolly leg (landing gear).
When it comes to cargo tank trucks, there are two specifications in use, the _____ standards and the ____ standards. Each is then designated by a 3 digit number identifying the specification.
Motor Carrier (MC) standards and DOT/TC standards
Nonpressure cargo tank trucks are also known as MC___ or DOT/TC___ cargo tanks depending on the specifications to which they were built.
MC-306 or DOT/TC-406
Nonpressure cargo tank trucks (MC-306 or DOT/TC-406) typically have a pressure of less than __ psi.
The maximum capacity of these tanks is _____ gallons in the US, with a typical capacity range between 1,500 to 10,000 gallons.
They almost always carry flammable/combustible liquids.
Typically tanks pressure is less than 4 psi
Maximum capacity is 14,000 gallons
Low pressure chemical tank trucks are also known as MC ___ or DOT/TC ___ cargo tanks depending on the specifications to which they were built.
These tanks trucks typically have a pressure of __ to __ psi, with typical capacities of ____ to ____ gallons.
They carry liquids (including flammable/combustible liquids), mild corrosives, and some toxics/poisons.
MC-307 or DOT/TC-407
Typical pressure of 25 to 35 psi
Typical capacities of 5,500 to 7,000 gallons
Corrosive liquid tank trucks are also known as MC ___ or DOT/TC ____ cargo tank trucks depending on the specifications to which they were built.
These tank trucks typically have a pressure range of __ to __ psi and may have a much higher maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP).
Typically tank capacities are from ___ to ___ gallons.
Usually they only have ONE compartment.
MC-312 or DOT/TC-412
Typical pressure range of 35 to 55 psi
Typical capacities of 3,300 to 6,300 gallons
High pressure tank trucks are also known as MC ___ or TC ___.
These tank trucks have pressures typically between ___ to ___ psi.
They have typical capacities between ___ and ___ gallons.
They have a single steel compartment and transport liquefied gases, high pressure vapor liquids, and highly hazardous materials.
MC-331 or TC-331
Pressures typically between 100 to 500 psi
Capacities typically between 3,000 to 11,000 gallons
MC-331 or TC-331 cargo tank trucks (high pressure) have emergency shutoffs in the ____ and ____ of the truck.
Left front AND right rear
Per the ERG, if an MC-331 (high pressure) is involved in a fire, the INITIAL evacuation distance is ____ in all directions because they may BLEVE.
One Mile
Cryogenic tank trucks are also known as MC ___, TC ___, or TC ____ cargo tanks.
They can have pressures less than __ psi and up to ___ psi.
They can have capacities of ____ to ____ gallons.
MC-338, TC-338, or TC-341
Pressures can be less than 25 psi and more than 500 psi
Capacities of 8,000 to 10,000 gallons
MC-338, TC-338, or TC-341 (cryogenic tank trucks) have emergency shutoffs in the ____ and the ____ of the trucks.
Per the ERG, if they are involved in a fire, the INITIAL evacuation distance is ____ in all directions because they may BLEVE.
Emergency shutoffs in the left front and right rear
Initial evacuation distance is 1 mile in all directions
Compressed-gas/tube trailers transport individual steel cylinders stacked and mounted together. Typical pressures in the tubes range from ____ to ____ psi. EACH cylinder typically has:
Pressure in tubes range from 2,400 to 5,000 psi
Each cylinder typically has an overpressure device
Dry bulk cargo trailers transport solids. While contents are not usually under pressure, low pressures between __ to __ psi may be used to discharge or transfer the product from the container.
15 to 20 psi
Tank cars carry the bulk of the hazardous materials transported by rail. Railroad tank cars typically have capacities of ____ to ____ gallons.
4,000 to 34,000 gallons
Tank cars are divided into the following THREE main categories:
-Low Pressure Tank Cars (aka general service tank cars and non-pressure tank cars)
-Pressure Tank Cars
-Cryogenic Liquid Tank Cars
Low pressure tank cars transport hazardous and non-hazardous solids and liquids with vapor pressures below __ psi at ____ to ____ *F.
Tank test pressures for low pressure tank cars are __ and ___ psi.
Capacities range from ____ to ____ gallons.
Vapor pressures below 25 psi at 105-115F
Tank test pressure are 60 and 100 psi
Capacities range from 4,000 to 34,000 gallons
Trains transporting multiple low pressure tank cars containing ethanol, crude oil, and other Class 3 products may be called:
High-Hazard Flammable Trains (HHFT)
Pressure tank cars are used to transport liquefied compressed gases, poison/toxic inhalation hazard (PIH/TIH) materials, reactive materials, and/or corrosive materials requiring the additional protection at pressures greater than __ psi at __ *F.
Tank test pressures from these tank cars range from ___ to ___ psi.
Pressure tank car capacities range from ___ to ___ gallons.
Pressures greater than 25 psi at 68* F.
Tank test pressures range from 100 to 600 psi
Capacities range from 4,000 to 34,000 gallons
Cryogenic liquid tank cars carry refrigerated liquids (temp of ____* F and below). These tank cars include a tank-within-a-tank; the space between the inner tank and outer tank if filled with insulation and is kept under a vacuum. This combination is designed to protect the contents from ambient temperatures for up to ______.
Temp of -130* F and below
Protect contents for up to 30 days
Per the ERG, the initial isolation zone for a cryogenic liquid tank car is _____.
1/2 mile
____ hopper cars: Often transport dry bulk materials such as grain, calcium carbide, ammonium nitrate, and cement.
____ hopper cars: May carry coal, sand, gravel, rocks, or sulfur.
____ hopper cars: Unloaded by air pressure and used to transport dry bulk loads such as ammonium nitrate fertilizer, dry caustic soda, plastic pellets, and cement. What are the pressure ratings during unloading?
Covered
Uncovered (or open top)
Pneumatically unloaded
*pressure ratings during unloading range from 20 to 80 psi
Tank cars, like all other freight cars, are marked with their own unique sets of ____ ____. Also called initials and numbers, they may be used to obtain information about the car’s contents from the railroad’s computer, the shipper, or CHEMTREC.
Reporting Marks
The ____ ____ shows the volume of the tank car. The volume in gallons (and sometimes liters) is on both ends of the car under the car’s reporting marks.
Capacity Stencil
The ____ ____ indicates the standards to which a tank car was built. It is stenciled on both sides of the tank, opposite from the reporting marks.
Specification Marking
A ____ ____ is a freight container that is used interchangeably in multiple modes of transport such as roadways, railways, airways, and waterways. The various types of these containers can be divided into freight containers and tank containers.
Intermodal Container
Intermodal ____ containers may contain hazardous materials, nonhazardous materials, or mixed loads. Responders should use intermodal container markings or shipping papers to identify the contents of these containers.
Freight
Intermodal ____ containers transport solids, liquids, gases, and powders as bulk cargo. The ___ container is welded inside a box-like steel frame to protect it and to allow stacking, lifting, and securing during transport.
Tank
Intermodal tank containers have capacities that ordinarily don’t exceed _____ gallons.
6,340
The listing of IM/IMO container types was replaced by the ____ system in 2003. This system has to be read in conjunction with the current 49CFR regulations.
T-Code
Low pressure intermodal tanks, aka nonpressure intermodal tanks, may still have pressures as high as ___ psi.
100
The T6 to T14 tanks were formerly known as IM 101 or IMO Type 1 tank containers. These containers are built to withstand higher maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) of ___ to ___ psi.
25.4 to 100 psi
The T1 to T5 tanks were formerly known as the IM 102 portable tank or IMO Type 2 tank container. These containers are designed to handle a maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) of ___ to ___ psi.
14.5 to 25.4 psi
A pressure intermodal tank container is less common in transport. The T50 tank was formerly known as DOT 51, Spec 51, or IMO Type 5 tank container. This type of container is designed for MAWPs of ___ to ___ psi and usually transports liquefied gases under pressure.
100 to 500 psi
The T15 to T22 series were previously used for Dangerous Gases but are now used for highly hazardous solids or liquids and have a pressure rating up to ____ psi.
320
___ containers are pressure tanks that have capacities of approximately 2,000 pounds. They are typically stored on their sides and have concave or convex ends. They may contain products such as sulfur dioxide, anhydrous ammonia, PHOSGENE, or Freon refrigerant.
Ton
_________:
A type of compressed gas cylinder that can be bulk or nonbulk, but are typically classified as bulk. They are typically 7ft long, 2ft in diameter, have a wall thickness of about 0.6 inches, and weigh about 1,200lbs when empty. They have a water capacity of approximately 120 gallons, or 16 cubic feet. They typically operate in a cascade system.
Y Cylinders
According to PHMSA, as of the year 2017, there are over ____ miles of PHMSA pipelines in North America.
2.7 million miles
A high-pressure distribution system is a network of high-pressure pipelines which transport products to consumers within a specified geographic location. In order to keep the liquids and gases flowing in the pipelines, the pressure of the pipelines has to be increased and constantly kept in the range of ___ to ____ psi, depending on the viscosity of the product that is being transported.
200 to 1500 psi
Gas distribution pipelines, which represent the largest amount of pipeline mileage in the US, are constructed predominantly of ____ or ____.
Plastic or Steel
Marine vessels transport over __% of the world’s cargo, and that amount if expected to increase in the future.
Over 90%
Tankers (tankships or tank vessels) may transport very large quantities of liquid products. There are THREE tanker types:
-Crude Carriers (petroleum carriers)
-Product Carriers (chemical carriers)
-Liquefied Gas Carriers (liquefied flammable gas carriers- transport LNG and LPG under pressure)
_____ are typically box-shaped, flat-decked vessels used for transporting cargo. They are usually NOT self-propelled, and as a result, other vessels tow or push them.
Barges (barge carriers)
The type of packaging used to transport radioactive materials (RAM) is determined by the ____, ___, and ____ of the material to be shipped.
Activity, Type, and Form
Radioactive material is shipped in one of the following FIVE basic types of container, listed in order of INCREASING level of radioactive hazard:
-EXCEPTED (materials with low levels of radioactivity that present no risk to the public or the environment. Exempt from most labeling and documentation requirements, such as shipping papers.)
-INDUSTRIAL (materials with limited hazard to the public and the environment. Must be marked on outside of package but not required to be identified on shipping papers.)
-TYPE A (materials with relatively high specific activity levels. The package and shipping papers will have the words “Type A” on them.)
-TYPE B (materials that exceed the limits of Type A packages. Must be able to withstand severe accident conditions without releasing their contents. Identified on package itself and on shipping papers. Sizes range from small containers to those weighing over 100 tons. Materials would present a radiation hazard to the public or environment if there were a release.)
-TYPE C (rare packages used for high-activity materials, including plutonium, transported by aircraft. Package performance requirements are significantly more stringent than those for Type B.)
A/an _________ is either rigid or flexible portable packaging (other than a cylinder or portable tank) designed for mechanical handling.
Intermediate Bulk Container (IBC)
The maximum capacity of an intermediate bulk container (IBC) is not more than ____ cubic feet.
The minimum capacity is not less than _____ cubic feet or a maximum net mass of not less than ____ pounds.
Maximum capacity- not more than 106 cubic feet
Minimum capacity - not less than 15.9 cubic feet
Maximum net mass- not less than 882 pounds
Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) are divided into two types:
-Flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs)
-Rigid intermediate bulk containers (RIBCs)
*both types are often called “totes”
A _____ is a large glass or plastic bottle that may be encased in a basket or box, primarily used to store and transport corrosive liquids, although its use has expanded to nonhazardous materials (such as water) as well.
Carboy
______ is another name for a rectangular plastic carboy and is the term used in UN regulations.
Jerry Can
A _____ is a pressure vessel designed for pressures higher than 40 psi. All approved _____, with the exception of some that store poisons, are equipped with safety-relief devices.
Cylinder
Drum capacities range up to ___ gallons, but __ gallon drums are the most common.
Up to 119 gallons
55 gallon drums are most common
Drums have the following TWO types of tops:
-Open Heads- (removable tops)
-Tight (or “closed”) Heads- (nonremovable tops with small openings plugged by bungs)
A ___ ___ (sometimes called a “vacuum flask”) is a nonpressurized, insulated container that has a vacuum space between the outer shell and the inner vessel. Designed for the storage and dispensing of cryogenic materials.
Dewar Flask
