5- HazMat- Identify Potential Hazards- Containers

Question 1

There are FOUR major types of containers:

Answer 1

-Pressure Containers
-Cryogenic Containers
-Liquid-Holding Containers
-Solids-Holding Containers

Question 2

Per NFPA definitions, low pressure storage tanks have operation pressures from __ to __ psi. Pressure vessels (including many large cryogenic liquid storage tanks) have pressures of __ psi or greater.

Answer 2

Low Pressure = 0.5 to 15 psi
Pressure Vessels = 15 psi or greater

Question 3

Pressure containers can experience any type of breach, although releases from _______ and/or damaged fittings are most common.

Answer 3

Pressure Relief Devices

Question 4

Pressure relief devices are typically set to activate at ___% of the tank’s TEST PRESSURE.

Answer 4

75% of tank’s TEST PRESSURE

Question 5

_____ is a function of some cryogenic containers and may not indicate a system failure.

Answer 5

Venting

Question 6

Cryogenic containers can experience any type of breach, although releases from ______ and/or damaged fittings are most common.

Answer 6

Pressure Relief Devices

Question 7

Cryogenic containers release cold liquids or vapors that rapidly ____ into expanding gases.

Answer 7

Boil

Question 8

Most solids-holding containers will be damaged via mechanical stressors rather than the physical properties of the materials contained in them. EXCEPTIONS include:

*2 answers

Answer 8

-Reactive Materials (oxidizers, peroxides, explosives)
-Water Reactive Materials

Question 9

Cryogenic liquid storage tanks (bulk facility) may have pressures of __ psi or greater, with capacities from ___ to ____ gallons.

Answer 9

15 psi or greater

Capacities from 300 to 400,000 gallons

*some new LNG tanks have a capacity of 30 to 60 millions gallons

Question 10

Low pressure storage tanks (bulk facility) have operating pressures from ___ to ___ psi.

Types of low pressure storage tanks include the following 3:

Answer 10

0.5 to 15 psi

Types include: Dome Roof Tanks, Spheroid Tanks, Noded Spheroid Tanks

Question 11

Low pressure storage tanks (bulk facility) typically contain flammable and combustible liquids with low vapor pressures, such a solvents. A first priority at incidents involving these containers is:

Answer 11

Eliminating ignition sources

Question 12

The maximum pressure under which an atmospheric tank (bulk facility) is capable of holding its contents is ___ psi.

Answer 12

0.5 psi

Question 13

_____ tanks (bulk facility) typically hold liquids, most often hydrocarbons.

Answer 13

Nonpressure/atmospheric

Question 14

Treat interiors of bulk nonpressure/atmospheric tanks as:

Answer 14

Confined spaces.

Question 15

_____ storage tanks are typically constructed of steel, fiberglass, or steel with a fiberglass coating. They also usually contain liquids (typically gasoline) and are classified as low pressure or nonpressure/atmospheric.

Answer 15

Underground

Question 16

Features of underground storage tanks include more than __ % of their surface areas being underground.

Answer 16

More than 10%

Question 17

Even highway vehicles without placards may be carrying quantities of hazardous materials, such as fuel in _______.

Answer 17

Saddle Tanks

Question 18

Cargo tank specification and name plates provide information about the standards to which the container/tank was built. These plates are usually found on the ____ side of the tank, between the ____ and the _____.

Answer 18

Roadside/Driver’s side

Between the front edge of the tank and the dolly leg (landing gear).

Question 19

When it comes to cargo tank trucks, there are two specifications in use, the _____ standards and the ____ standards. Each is then designated by a 3 digit number identifying the specification.

Answer 19

Motor Carrier (MC) standards and DOT/TC standards

Question 20

Nonpressure cargo tank trucks are also known as MC___ or DOT/TC___ cargo tanks depending on the specifications to which they were built.

Answer 20

MC-306 or DOT/TC-406

Question 21

Nonpressure cargo tank trucks (MC-306 or DOT/TC-406) typically have a pressure of less than __ psi.

The maximum capacity of these tanks is _____ gallons in the US, with a typical capacity range between 1,500 to 10,000 gallons.

They almost always carry flammable/combustible liquids.

Answer 21

Typically tanks pressure is less than 4 psi

Maximum capacity is 14,000 gallons

Question 22

Low pressure chemical tank trucks are also known as MC ___ or DOT/TC ___ cargo tanks depending on the specifications to which they were built.

These tanks trucks typically have a pressure of __ to __ psi, with typical capacities of ____ to ____ gallons.

They carry liquids (including flammable/combustible liquids), mild corrosives, and some toxics/poisons.

Answer 22

MC-307 or DOT/TC-407

Typical pressure of 25 to 35 psi

Typical capacities of 5,500 to 7,000 gallons

Question 23

Corrosive liquid tank trucks are also known as MC ___ or DOT/TC ____ cargo tank trucks depending on the specifications to which they were built.

These tank trucks typically have a pressure range of __ to __ psi and may have a much higher maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP).

Typically tank capacities are from ___ to ___ gallons.

Usually they only have ONE compartment.

Answer 23

MC-312 or DOT/TC-412

Typical pressure range of 35 to 55 psi

Typical capacities of 3,300 to 6,300 gallons

Question 24

High pressure tank trucks are also known as MC ___ or TC ___.

These tank trucks have pressures typically between ___ to ___ psi.

They have typical capacities between ___ and ___ gallons.

They have a single steel compartment and transport liquefied gases, high pressure vapor liquids, and highly hazardous materials.

Answer 24

MC-331 or TC-331

Pressures typically between 100 to 500 psi

Capacities typically between 3,000 to 11,000 gallons

Question 25

MC-331 or TC-331 cargo tank trucks (high pressure) have emergency shutoffs in the ____ and ____ of the truck.

Answer 25

Left front AND right rear

Question 26

Per the ERG, if an MC-331 (high pressure) is involved in a fire, the INITIAL evacuation distance is ____ in all directions because they may BLEVE.

Answer 26

One Mile

Question 27

Cryogenic tank trucks are also known as MC ___, TC ___, or TC ____ cargo tanks.

They can have pressures less than __ psi and up to ___ psi.

They can have capacities of ____ to ____ gallons.

Answer 27

MC-338, TC-338, or TC-341

Pressures can be less than 25 psi and more than 500 psi

Capacities of 8,000 to 10,000 gallons

Question 28

MC-338, TC-338, or TC-341 (cryogenic tank trucks) have emergency shutoffs in the ____ and the ____ of the trucks.

Per the ERG, if they are involved in a fire, the INITIAL evacuation distance is ____ in all directions because they may BLEVE.

Answer 28

Emergency shutoffs in the left front and right rear

Initial evacuation distance is 1 mile in all directions

Question 29

Compressed-gas/tube trailers transport individual steel cylinders stacked and mounted together. Typical pressures in the tubes range from ____ to ____ psi. EACH cylinder typically has:

Answer 29

Pressure in tubes range from 2,400 to 5,000 psi

Each cylinder typically has an overpressure device

Question 30

Dry bulk cargo trailers transport solids. While contents are not usually under pressure, low pressures between __ to __ psi may be used to discharge or transfer the product from the container.

Answer 30

15 to 20 psi

Question 31

Tank cars carry the bulk of the hazardous materials transported by rail. Railroad tank cars typically have capacities of ____ to ____ gallons.

Answer 31

4,000 to 34,000 gallons

Question 32

Tank cars are divided into the following THREE main categories:

Answer 32

-Low Pressure Tank Cars (aka general service tank cars and non-pressure tank cars)
-Pressure Tank Cars
-Cryogenic Liquid Tank Cars

Question 33

Low pressure tank cars transport hazardous and non-hazardous solids and liquids with vapor pressures below __ psi at ____ to ____ *F.

Tank test pressures for low pressure tank cars are __ and ___ psi.

Capacities range from ____ to ____ gallons.

Answer 33

Vapor pressures below 25 psi at 105-115F

Tank test pressure are 60 and 100 psi

Capacities range from 4,000 to 34,000 gallons

Question 34

Trains transporting multiple low pressure tank cars containing ethanol, crude oil, and other Class 3 products may be called:

Answer 34

High-Hazard Flammable Trains (HHFT)

Question 35

Pressure tank cars are used to transport liquefied compressed gases, poison/toxic inhalation hazard (PIH/TIH) materials, reactive materials, and/or corrosive materials requiring the additional protection at pressures greater than __ psi at __ *F.

Tank test pressures from these tank cars range from ___ to ___ psi.

Pressure tank car capacities range from ___ to ___ gallons.

Answer 35

Pressures greater than 25 psi at 68* F.

Tank test pressures range from 100 to 600 psi

Capacities range from 4,000 to 34,000 gallons

Question 36

Cryogenic liquid tank cars carry refrigerated liquids (temp of ____* F and below). These tank cars include a tank-within-a-tank; the space between the inner tank and outer tank if filled with insulation and is kept under a vacuum. This combination is designed to protect the contents from ambient temperatures for up to ______.

Answer 36

Temp of -130* F and below

Protect contents for up to 30 days

Question 37

Per the ERG, the initial isolation zone for a cryogenic liquid tank car is _____.

Answer 37

1/2 mile

Question 38

____ hopper cars: Often transport dry bulk materials such as grain, calcium carbide, ammonium nitrate, and cement.

____ hopper cars: May carry coal, sand, gravel, rocks, or sulfur.

____ hopper cars: Unloaded by air pressure and used to transport dry bulk loads such as ammonium nitrate fertilizer, dry caustic soda, plastic pellets, and cement. What are the pressure ratings during unloading?

Answer 38

Covered

Uncovered (or open top)

Pneumatically unloaded
*pressure ratings during unloading range from 20 to 80 psi

Question 39

Tank cars, like all other freight cars, are marked with their own unique sets of ____ ____. Also called initials and numbers, they may be used to obtain information about the car’s contents from the railroad’s computer, the shipper, or CHEMTREC.

Answer 39

Reporting Marks

Question 40

The ____ ____ shows the volume of the tank car. The volume in gallons (and sometimes liters) is on both ends of the car under the car’s reporting marks.

Answer 40

Capacity Stencil

Question 41

The ____ ____ indicates the standards to which a tank car was built. It is stenciled on both sides of the tank, opposite from the reporting marks.

Answer 41

Specification Marking

Question 42

A ____ ____ is a freight container that is used interchangeably in multiple modes of transport such as roadways, railways, airways, and waterways. The various types of these containers can be divided into freight containers and tank containers.

Answer 42

Intermodal Container

Question 43

Intermodal ____ containers may contain hazardous materials, nonhazardous materials, or mixed loads. Responders should use intermodal container markings or shipping papers to identify the contents of these containers.

Answer 43

Freight

Question 44

Intermodal ____ containers transport solids, liquids, gases, and powders as bulk cargo. The ___ container is welded inside a box-like steel frame to protect it and to allow stacking, lifting, and securing during transport.

Answer 44

Tank

Question 45

Intermodal tank containers have capacities that ordinarily don’t exceed _____ gallons.

Answer 45

6,340

Question 46

The listing of IM/IMO container types was replaced by the ____ system in 2003. This system has to be read in conjunction with the current 49CFR regulations.

Answer 46

T-Code

Question 47

Low pressure intermodal tanks, aka nonpressure intermodal tanks, may still have pressures as high as ___ psi.

Answer 47

100

Question 48

The T6 to T14 tanks were formerly known as IM 101 or IMO Type 1 tank containers. These containers are built to withstand higher maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) of ___ to ___ psi.

Answer 48

25.4 to 100 psi

Question 49

The T1 to T5 tanks were formerly known as the IM 102 portable tank or IMO Type 2 tank container. These containers are designed to handle a maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) of ___ to ___ psi.

Answer 49

14.5 to 25.4 psi

Question 50

A pressure intermodal tank container is less common in transport. The T50 tank was formerly known as DOT 51, Spec 51, or IMO Type 5 tank container. This type of container is designed for MAWPs of ___ to ___ psi and usually transports liquefied gases under pressure.

Answer 50

100 to 500 psi

Question 51

The T15 to T22 series were previously used for Dangerous Gases but are now used for highly hazardous solids or liquids and have a pressure rating up to ____ psi.

Answer 51

320

Question 52

___ containers are pressure tanks that have capacities of approximately 2,000 pounds. They are typically stored on their sides and have concave or convex ends. They may contain products such as sulfur dioxide, anhydrous ammonia, PHOSGENE, or Freon refrigerant.

Answer 52

Ton

Question 53

_________:

A type of compressed gas cylinder that can be bulk or nonbulk, but are typically classified as bulk. They are typically 7ft long, 2ft in diameter, have a wall thickness of about 0.6 inches, and weigh about 1,200lbs when empty. They have a water capacity of approximately 120 gallons, or 16 cubic feet. They typically operate in a cascade system.

Answer 53

Y Cylinders

Question 54

According to PHMSA, as of the year 2017, there are over ____ miles of PHMSA pipelines in North America.

Answer 54

2.7 million miles

Question 55

A high-pressure distribution system is a network of high-pressure pipelines which transport products to consumers within a specified geographic location. In order to keep the liquids and gases flowing in the pipelines, the pressure of the pipelines has to be increased and constantly kept in the range of ___ to ____ psi, depending on the viscosity of the product that is being transported.

Answer 55

200 to 1500 psi

Question 56

Gas distribution pipelines, which represent the largest amount of pipeline mileage in the US, are constructed predominantly of ____ or ____.

Answer 56

Plastic or Steel

Question 57

Marine vessels transport over __% of the world’s cargo, and that amount if expected to increase in the future.

Answer 57

Over 90%

Question 58

Tankers (tankships or tank vessels) may transport very large quantities of liquid products. There are THREE tanker types:

Answer 58

-Crude Carriers (petroleum carriers)
-Product Carriers (chemical carriers)
-Liquefied Gas Carriers (liquefied flammable gas carriers- transport LNG and LPG under pressure)

Question 59

_____ are typically box-shaped, flat-decked vessels used for transporting cargo. They are usually NOT self-propelled, and as a result, other vessels tow or push them.

Answer 59

Barges (barge carriers)

Question 60

The type of packaging used to transport radioactive materials (RAM) is determined by the ____, ___, and ____ of the material to be shipped.

Answer 60

Activity, Type, and Form

Question 61

Radioactive material is shipped in one of the following FIVE basic types of container, listed in order of INCREASING level of radioactive hazard:

Answer 61

-EXCEPTED (materials with low levels of radioactivity that present no risk to the public or the environment. Exempt from most labeling and documentation requirements, such as shipping papers.)
-INDUSTRIAL (materials with limited hazard to the public and the environment. Must be marked on outside of package but not required to be identified on shipping papers.)
-TYPE A (materials with relatively high specific activity levels. The package and shipping papers will have the words “Type A” on them.)
-TYPE B (materials that exceed the limits of Type A packages. Must be able to withstand severe accident conditions without releasing their contents. Identified on package itself and on shipping papers. Sizes range from small containers to those weighing over 100 tons. Materials would present a radiation hazard to the public or environment if there were a release.)
-TYPE C (rare packages used for high-activity materials, including plutonium, transported by aircraft. Package performance requirements are significantly more stringent than those for Type B.)

Question 62

A/an _________ is either rigid or flexible portable packaging (other than a cylinder or portable tank) designed for mechanical handling.

Answer 62

Intermediate Bulk Container (IBC)

Question 63

The maximum capacity of an intermediate bulk container (IBC) is not more than ____ cubic feet.

The minimum capacity is not less than _____ cubic feet or a maximum net mass of not less than ____ pounds.

Answer 63

Maximum capacity- not more than 106 cubic feet

Minimum capacity - not less than 15.9 cubic feet

Maximum net mass- not less than 882 pounds

Question 64

Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) are divided into two types:

Answer 64

-Flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs)
-Rigid intermediate bulk containers (RIBCs)

*both types are often called “totes”

Question 65

A _____ is a large glass or plastic bottle that may be encased in a basket or box, primarily used to store and transport corrosive liquids, although its use has expanded to nonhazardous materials (such as water) as well.

Answer 65

Carboy

Question 66

______ is another name for a rectangular plastic carboy and is the term used in UN regulations.

Answer 66

Jerry Can

Question 67

A _____ is a pressure vessel designed for pressures higher than 40 psi. All approved _____, with the exception of some that store poisons, are equipped with safety-relief devices.

Answer 67

Cylinder

Question 68

Drum capacities range up to ___ gallons, but __ gallon drums are the most common.

Answer 68

Up to 119 gallons
55 gallon drums are most common

Question 69

Drums have the following TWO types of tops:

Answer 69

-Open Heads- (removable tops)
-Tight (or “closed”) Heads- (nonremovable tops with small openings plugged by bungs)

Question 70

A ___ ___ (sometimes called a “vacuum flask”) is a nonpressurized, insulated container that has a vacuum space between the outer shell and the inner vessel. Designed for the storage and dispensing of cryogenic materials.

Answer 70

Dewar Flask