7.Lord Cornwallis and permanent settlement

Question 1

Who is known as the Father of Civil Services in India?

Answer 1

Lord Cornwallis is known as the Father of Civil Services in India.

Question 2

What did Lord Cornwallis bring in terms of the Civil Service Code?

Answer 2

Lord Cornwallis brought in the Civil Service Code.

Question 3

According to the Civil Service Code, who was responsible for general administration and revenue collection?

Answer 3

According to the Civil Service Code, the District Collector was responsible for general administration and revenue collection.

Question 4

Who was responsible for the maintenance of law and order according to the Civil Service Code?

Answer 4

According to the Civil Service Code, the Superintendent of Police was responsible for the maintenance of law and order.

Question 5

What was the responsibility of the District Judge according to the Civil Service Code?

Answer 5

According to the Civil Service Code, the District Judge was to look into the matter of judgments in civil court.

Question 6

What were the three Land Revenue Systems prevalent during the British rule in India?

Answer 6

The three Land Revenue Systems prevalent during the British rule in India were the Zamindari System, the Mahalwari System, and the Ryotwari System.

Question 7

Which Land Revenue System was introduced by Lord Cornwallis?

Answer 7

The Zamindari System was introduced by Lord Cornwallis.

Question 8

What is the Zamindari System?

Answer 8

The Zamindari System was a land revenue system prevalent in British India, in which Zamindars were recognized as the permanent owners of the land.

Question 9

Why is the Zamindari System called the permanent settlement system?

Answer 9

The Zamindari System is called the permanent settlement system because of the permanent nature of the revenue system.

Question 10

Who instituted the Zamindari System and when?

Answer 10

Lord Cornwallis instituted the Zamindari System through the Permanent Settlement Act in 1793.

Question 11

What was the revenue sharing arrangement between the East India Company and the Zamindars under the Zamindari System?

Answer 11

Under the Zamindari System, ten of the eleven shares of the rent, or the total amount the zamindar collected, belonged to the East India Company, and just one of the eleven shares belonged to the zamindar.

Question 12

What was the state demand and zamindar’s share under the Permanent Settlement?

Answer 12

Under the Permanent Settlement, the state demand was set at 89% of the rent, and the zamindar was to keep 11%.

Question 13

Why was the Permanent Settlement sometimes referred to as the “Sunset Law”?

Answer 13

The Permanent Settlement was sometimes referred to as the “Sunset Law” since the state demand could not be raised, but payment had to be made by the due date, before sunset.

Question 14

In which regions was the Zamindari System prevalent in British India?

Answer 14

The Zamindari System was prevalent in West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, UP, Andhra Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh.

Question 15

What were the responsibilities of the Zamindars under the permanent land revenue settlement?

Answer 15

According to the permanent land revenue settlement, the Zamindars not only acted as an intermediary to collect revenue from farmers but also responsible for the internal affairs of their area.

Question 16

What was the impact of the Zamindari System on agriculture in India?

Answer 16

The Zamindari System gave rise to Absentee landlordism, resulting in no investment and no improvement in agriculture.

Question 17

Who devised the Ryotwari System and where was it introduced?

Answer 17

The Ryotwari System was devised by Alexander Read and Thomas Munro and was introduced in the southern territories of British India.

Question 18

Who was Thomas Munro, and what was his contribution to the Ryotwari System?

Answer 18

Thomas Munro was the governor of Madras from 1819-26 and contributed to the development of the Ryotwari System in British India.

Question 19

What was the main difference between the Zamindari System and the Ryotwari System?

Answer 19

The main difference between the Zamindari System and the Ryotwari System was that under the Ryotwari System, the Ryot, or the individual cultivator, became the owner of the land, whereas under the Zamindari System, the Zamindar was recognized as the permanent owner of the land.

Question 20

Why did individual cultivators turn into laborers under the Ryotwari System?

Answer 20

Individual cultivators started to turn down into laborers because of the private money lenders.

Question 21

How was the land revenue collected under the Ryotwari System?

Answer 21

Under the Ryotwari System, the land revenue was paid by the farmers directly to the state, eliminating intermediaries.

Question 22

What were the rights of the Ryot or the Individual cultivator under the Ryotwari System?

Answer 22

Under the Ryotwari System, the Ryot or the individual cultivator had full rights regarding sale, transfer, and leasing of land.

Question 23

In which regions was the Ryotwari System prevalent in British India?

Answer 23

The Ryotwari System was prevalent in Bombay, Tamil Nadu, Berar, Coorg, and Assam.

Question 24

What was the main advantage of the Ryotwari System?

Answer 24

The main advantage of the Ryotwari System was the elimination of middlemen who often oppressed the farmer.

Question 25

Who devised the Mahalwari System and in which year?

Answer 25

Holt McKenzie devised the Mahalwari System in 1822.

Question 26

What is the Mahalwari System?

Answer 26

The Mahalwari System was a land revenue system devised by Holt McKenzie that combined elements of the Zamindari and Ryotwari systems.

Question 27

What was the periodic revision of land revenue in the Mahalwari System?

Answer 27

The Mahalwari System had periodic revision of land revenue.

Question 28

Who was appointed to collect revenue from the village in the Mahalwari System?

Answer 28

Village headmen were appointed in the Mahalwari System to collect revenue from the village.

Question 29

What is a Mahal in the Mahalwari System?

Answer 29

A Mahal is the smallest unit of revenue collection in the Mahalwari System, and one unit is equal to one Mahal.

Question 30

Who was the owner of the land in the Mahalwari System?

Answer 30

In the Mahalwari System, the farmer was the owner of the land.

Question 31

In which regions was the Mahalwari System prevalent?

Answer 31

The Mahalwari System was prevalent in Agra, Awadh, Gangetic valley, and Punjab.