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MODERN HISTORY > 16.Socio-Religious Movements > Flashcards

16.Socio-Religious Movements Flashcards

1
Q

What were some of the contemporary ideals brought by the British to India?

A

The British brought concepts such as liberty, social and economic equality, fraternity, democracy, and justice to India.

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2
Q

What was the condition of women in Indian society during that time?

A

Women in Indian society faced various issues, including female infanticide, child marriages, polygamy, restrictions on widow remarriage, and the practice of sati (self-immolation of widows).

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3
Q

What impact did the study of ancient Indian history and culture have on the Indian people?

A

The study of ancient Indian history, philosophy, science, religions, and literature instilled pride in the Indian people and helped them understand their civilization’s former splendor. This knowledge also supported religious and social reformers in their fight against cruel practices and superstitions.

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4
Q

What factors contributed to the drive for social and religious reform in India?

A

Factors such as rising nationalism, the emergence of new economic forces, expansion of education, the influence of Western ideas and culture, and increased global awareness all contributed to the drive for social and religious reform in India.

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5
Q

How did the increasing tide of nationalism and democracy manifest in India?

A

The increasing tide of nationalism and democracy found expression in initiatives to reform and democratize social structures and religious viewpoints among the Indian people during the later decades of the nineteenth century.

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6
Q

Who founded the Brahmo Samaj?

A

Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj.

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7
Q

What is Raja Ram Mohan Roy known as?

A

Raja Ram Mohan Roy is known as the ‘Father of Modern India’ or the ‘Father of the Bengal Renaissance.’

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8
Q

When was the Brahmo Sabha formed and what was its later renamed?

A

The Brahmo Sabha was formed in August 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, and it was later renamed as the Brahmo Samaj.

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9
Q

What were the key teachings of the Brahmo Samaj?

A

The Brahmo Samaj taught faith in a Supreme being, the belief in one god, the rejection of the infallibility of scriptures and humans, and the emphasis on reason, truth, and morality.

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10
Q

What were some of the social reforms advocated by the Brahmo Samaj?

A

The Brahmo Samaj advocated against idolatry, superstitions, rituals, the caste system, and child marriage. It also promoted widow remarriage and modern education for women.

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11
Q

What impact did the Brahmo Samaj have on India?

A

The Brahmo Samaj was India’s first intellectual reform movement. It promoted rationality and enlightenment, indirectly contributing to the nationalist cause in India.

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12
Q

When did Maharshi Debendranath Tagore join the Brahmo Samaj?

A

Maharshi Debendranath Tagore joined the Brahmo Samaj in 1842.

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13
Q

When did Maharshi Debendranath Tagore join the Brahmo Samaj?

A

Maharshi Debendranath Tagore joined the Brahmo Samaj in 1842.

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14
Q

What was Debendranath Tagore’s role before joining the Brahmo Samaj?

A

Before joining the Brahmo Samaj, Debendranath Tagore was the leader of the Tattvabodhini Sabha, which focused on the systematic study of India’s past and the spread of Rammohan’s ideals.

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15
Q

Who did Debendranath Tagore appoint as acharya in the Brahmo Samaj?

A

Debendranath Tagore appointed Keshab Chandra Sen as acharya in the Brahmo Samaj.

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16
Q

What happened in 1866 regarding the Brahmo Samaj?

A

In 1866, Keshab Chandra Sen and his supporters split from the Brahmo Samaj and formed the ‘Brahmo Samaj of India’, while Debendranath Tagore’s faction became known as the ‘Adi Brahmo Samaj’.

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17
Q

Who founded the ‘Dharma Sabha’ in opposition to the Brahmo Samaj?

A

Raja Radhakant Deb, among others, founded the ‘Dharma Sabha’ to oppose the progressive ideals of the Brahmo Samaj.

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18
Q

Who was made the acharya of the Brahmo Samaj in 1858?

A

Keshab Chandra Sen was made the acharya of the Brahmo Samaj in 1858.

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19
Q

Where were branches of the Brahmo Samaj opened outside Bengal?

A

Branches of the Brahmo Samaj were opened in the United Provinces, Punjab, Bombay, Madras, and other towns.

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20
Q

Why was Keshab Chandra Sen dismissed from the office of acharya?

A

Keshab Chandra Sen was dismissed from the office of acharya in 1865 due to disagreements with Debendranath Tagore over his radical ideas, including the cosmopolitanization of the Samaj’s meetings and his strong views against the caste system.

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21
Q

What was the name of the new organization founded by Keshab Chandra Sen and his followers in 1866?

A

Keshab Chandra Sen and his followers founded the ‘Brahmo Samaj of India’ in 1866.

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22
Q

What caused another split in Keshab’s Brahmo Samaj of India in 1878?

A

What caused another split in Keshab’s Brahmo Samaj of India in 1878?

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23
Q

Who started the Young Bengal Movement?

A

Henry Vivian Derozio started the Young Bengal Movement.

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24
Q

Which intellectuals were at the forefront of the Young Bengal Movement?

A

The intellectuals of the Hindu College of Calcutta were at the forefront of the Young Bengal Movement.

25
Q

What did Derozio do to promote radical views?

A

Derozio promoted radical views through his teaching and by forming a debate and discussion group on literature, philosophy, history, and science.

26
Q

Which revolutionary ideas influenced the Derozians?

A

The Derozians revered the ideas of the French Revolution (1789 A.D.) and British liberalism.

27
Q

What causes did the Derozians advocate for?

A

The Derozians advocated for women’s rights and education.

28
Q

Who founded the Arya Samaj and when?

A

Swami Dayananda Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in 1875.

29
Q

What was the slogan issued by Swami Dayananda Saraswati for the Arya Samaj?

A

The slogan issued was “Back to the Vedas.”

30
Q

What was the focus of the Arya Samaj?

A

The Arya Samaj focused on modernizing Hinduism and education, particularly in western and northern India.

31
Q

What significant work did Swami Dayananda Saraswati write in 1875?

A

Swami Dayananda Saraswati wrote Satyarth Prakash in 1875.

32
Q

What were some of the aspects attacked by Swami Dayananda Saraswati and the Arya Samaj?

A

They attacked post-vedic literature, domination of the priestly class, polytheism, idolatry, child marriage, and casteism.

33
Q

What movement did the Arya Samaj launch to safeguard Hindu civilization?

A

The Arya Samaj launched the Shuddhi (purification) movement to reintegrate converts to Christianity and Islam into Hindu society and to convert persons considered untouchables into pure caste Hindus.

34
Q

What educational institution was established by the Arya Samaj in 1886?

A

The Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (D.A.V.) College was founded in 1886 in Lahore.

35
Q

What was the split in the Arya Samaj in 1893 based on?

A

The split was based on whether Sanskrit or English should be the language for teaching the Vedas. The former group was called the Gurukul group, and the latter remained as the DAV group.

36
Q

Who founded Prarthana Samaj?

A

Prarthana Samaj was founded in Bombay by Atmaram Pandurang in 1867.

37
Q

Who joined Prarthana Samaj later?

A

It was later joined by Justice M G Ranade (who ran Deccan Education Society) and R G Bhandarkar.

38
Q

Who joined Prarthana Samaj later?

A

It was later joined by Justice M G Ranade (who ran Deccan Education Society) and R G Bhandarkar.

39
Q

What were the reform activities of Prarthana Samaj?

A

It was against caste rigidity, idolatry, and priestly domination. Its reform activities included starting inter-dining, inter-caste marriage, widow remarriage, upliftment of women and depressed class.

40
Q

Who founded Paramahansa Mandali?

A

Founded in 1849 in Maharashtra, the founders of the Paramahansa Mandali Dadoba Pandurang, Mehtaji Durgaram and others began as a secret society that worked to reform Hindu religion and society in general.

41
Q

What was the ideology of Paramahansa Mandali?

A

The ideology of the society was closely linked to that of the Manav Dharma Sabha. Besides believing that one god should be worshiped, the society also said real religion is based on love and moral conduct. Freedom of thought was encouraged as was rationality.

42
Q

What were the founders of Paramahansa Mandali primarily interested in?

A

The founders of the mandali were primarily interested in breaking caste rules.

43
Q

What did Mandalis advocate?

A

At their meetings, food cooked by lower caste people was taken by the members. These Mandalis also advocated widow remarriage and women’s education.

44
Q

What were the beliefs and values promoted by the Paramahansa Mandali?

A

he Paramahansa Mandali believed in the worship of one god and emphasized love, moral conduct, freedom of thought, and rationality. They aimed to break caste rules and advocated for widow remarriage and women’s education.

45
Q

Where did branches of the Paramahansa Mandali exist?

A

Branches of the Paramahansa Mandali existed in Poona (now Pune), Satara, and other towns of Maharashtra.

46
Q

Who established the Ramakrishna Mission?

A

Swami Vivekananda established the Ramakrishna Mission.

47
Q

According to Vivekananda, what was the way to reach God?

A

Vivekananda believed that renunciation, meditation, and devotion were the ways to reach God.

48
Q

What was the main purpose of the Ramakrishna Mission?

A

The Ramakrishna Mission is an organization dedicated to religious and social improvement.

49
Q

What doctrine did Vivekananda preach?

A

Vivekananda preached the doctrine of service, which he defined as the service of all creatures.

50
Q

What were the goals of the Ramakrishna Mission?

A

The goals of the Ramakrishna Mission included assisting the impoverished, improving women’s situation, combating untouchability and superstition, and overhauling the educational system.

51
Q

How did Swami Vivekananda view Hinduism and western culture?

A

Swami Vivekananda emphasized the primacy of Hindu religion and culture. He believed that Hinduism would be centered on spiritual ideals, while western culture and civilization would be materialistic.

52
Q

What was Swami Vivekananda’s view on religions?

A

Swami Vivekananda believed in the equality and oneness of all religions.

53
Q

Who founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj?

A

Jyotiba Phule founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj.

54
Q

What was the main objective of the Satya Shodhak Samaj?

A

The main objectives were to fight against brahminical dominance, emancipate lower castes, untouchables, and widows, and advocate for education, social rights, and civil liberties for marginalized groups.

55
Q

What was the Samaj’s stance on the caste system?

A

The Samaj condemned the caste-based and religious exploitation and sought the complete abolition of the caste system.

56
Q

What were some of Jyotiba Phule’s contributions?

A

Jyotiba Phule established educational institutions, taught his wife Savitribai Phule, and opened a Girls Education School in Poona. He also published works like “Ghulamgiri” and “Tritiya Ratna.”

57
Q

What impact did the Satya Shodhak Samaj have on society?

A

The Samaj provided a sense of identity to the oppressed classes and played a role in sparking rebellions against brahman landlords in Maharashtra.

58
Q

When was the Satya Shodhak Samaj founded?

A

The Satya Shodhak Samaj was founded in 1873 by Jyotiba Phule.

MODERN HISTORY (39 decks)

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