31.Congress Government in Provinces, World War-II and Tripuri Session Flashcards
1
Q
In which provinces were Congress ministries formed?
A
Congress ministries were formed in Bombay, Madras, Central Provinces, Orissa, United Provinces, Bihar, NWFP, and Assam.
2
Q
What efforts were made by Congress ministries during their rule?
A
Congress ministries made efforts for people’s welfare and eased curbs on civil liberties. They repealed laws giving emergency powers, lifted bans on illegal organizations and certain books/journals, lifted press restrictions, curbed police powers, and released political prisoners.
3
Q
What actions were taken by Congress ministries in Bombay?
A
In Bombay, lands confiscated during the Civil Disobedience Movement were restored, and pensions of officials associated with the movement were restored.
4
Q
What constraints limited the Congress ministries from completely abolishing zamindari?
A
There were basic constraints that prevented Congress ministries from completely abolishing zamindari (landlordism) and undertaking a complete overhaul of the agrarian structure.
5
Q
What laws did Congress ministries manage to legislate?
A
Congress ministries legislated laws related to land reforms, debt relief, forest grazing fee, arrears of rent, and land tenures.
6
Q
Who were the primary beneficiaries of the land reforms implemented by Congress ministries?
A
Statutory and occupancy tenants were the primary beneficiaries of the land reforms, while sub-tenants and agricultural laborers did not gain significant benefits.
7
Q
Why did agricultural laborers not benefit from the land reforms implemented by Congress ministries?
A
Agricultural laborers did not benefit as they had not been mobilized and the reforms primarily focused on tenants and landowners.
8
Q
Who was elected as the president of the Congress meeting in Haripura in February 1938?
A
Subhash Chandra Bose was unanimously elected as the president.
9
Q
What did Subhash Chandra Bose believe about the Congress ministries in the provinces?
A
Subhash Chandra Bose believed that the Congress ministries in the provinces had enormous revolutionary potential.
10
Q
What was Subhash Chandra Bose’s focus on in terms of the country’s economic development?
A
Subhash Chandra Bose focused on economic development through planning and later played a role in establishing a National Planning Committee.
11
Q
What resolution was passed during the Haripura Congress Session?
A
The session passed a resolution declaring that the Congress would provide moral support to those protesting against the governance of the princely states.
12
Q
What was the international situation like following the Haripura Congress Session?
A
The international situation deteriorated in the months that followed, with clear indications that Europe was on the verge of war.
13
Q
When and where was the Tripuri Congress Session held?
A
The Tripuri Congress Session was held in March 1939 in Tripuri, Central Provinces, near Jabalpur in present-day Madhya Pradesh.
14
Q
How is the working committee of the Congress formed?
A
The working committee of the Congress is not elected but nominated by the president.
15
Q
What caused a sharp internal crisis during the Tripuri Congress Session?
A
Subhash Bose’s election as president in the face of official opposition caused a sharp internal crisis due to the clear polarization in terms of ideology and method of future struggle.
16
Q
Why did the leaders of the working committee resign during the Tripuri Congress Session?
A
The leaders of the working committee resigned because Subhash Bose accused them of being willing to reach a federation compromise with the government, which they felt contradicted their nationalistic principles.
17
Q
Despite being ill, what did Subhash Bose advocate in his presidential speech at the Tripuri Congress Session?
A
Subhash Bose advocated giving Britain a six-month deadline to grant the national demand for independence. If the deadline was not met, he proposed launching a mass civil disobedience movement.
18
Q
Why did Gandhi believe that ultimatums and immediate struggle were inappropriate?
A
Gandhi believed that ultimatums and immediate struggle were inappropriate because neither the Congress nor the masses were prepared for a fight. He also recognized the presence of communal discord, class strife, and a lack of unified vision, which would undermine any movement.
19
Q
What resolution was proposed by Govind Ballabh Pant during the Congress session?
A
Govind Ballabh Pant proposed a resolution reaffirming faith in Gandhian policies and asking Bose to nominate the working committee “in accordance with Gandhiji’s wishes.”
20
Q
Why was Bose unsuccessful in gaining Gandhi’s trust?
A
Despite his efforts, Bose was unsuccessful in gaining Gandhi’s trust. The main reason was the ideological differences between them. Bose desired an immediate struggle led by Gandhi, while Gandhi believed that the time was not right for a struggle.
21
Q
What was the main issue between Gandhi and Bose?
A
The main issue between Gandhi and Bose was their ideological differences. Gandhi was unwilling to lead a Congress struggle along Bose’s radical lines, just as Bose was unwilling to compromise on his ideas.
22
Q
Why did Bose ultimately resign as President of the Congress?
A
Bose saw no other choice but to resign because of the ideological differences and the lack of support for a split in the Congress. He resigned in April 1939, and Rajendra Prasad was elected President of the Congress, resolving the crisis for the time being.
23
Q
Who attempted to mediate between Subhash Chandra Bose and Gandhi?
A
Nehru attempted to mediate between Subhash Chandra Bose and Gandhi.
24
Q
Why did Subhash Chandra Bose refuse to resign?
A
Subhash Chandra Bose refused to resign because he insisted that the Working Committee reflect the new radical trends and groups that had elected him, but he also refused to nominate his own Working Committee.
25
Who was elected as the President of the Congress after Subhash Chandra Bose's resignation?
Rajendra Prasad was elected as the President of the Congress after Subhash Chandra Bose's resignation.
26
Why did Congress Socialists and Communists oppose a division in the national movement?
Congress Socialists and Communists opposed a division in the national movement because they believed that its unity must be preserved at all costs for the interests of the anti-imperialist struggle.
27
What new political party did Subhash Chandra Bose and his supporters establish?
Subhash Chandra Bose and his supporters established the Forward Bloc, a new political party within the Congress.
28
What action was taken against Subhash Chandra Bose by the Working Committee?
The Working Committee removed Subhash Chandra Bose from his position as the president of the Bengal Provincial Congress Committee and barred him from holding any Congress office for three years after he called for an all-India protest against an AICC resolution.
29
How did the Congress respond to India being drawn into the Second World War?
The Congress decided to support the war effort conditionally, despite not liking the unilateral action of the British.
30
What were the two basic conditions put forward by the Congress in their offer to cooperate in the war effort?
The two basic conditions were: (1) Convening a constituent assembly after the war to determine the political structure of a free India, and (2) Establishing some form of genuinely responsible government at the Centre immediately.
31
How did the viceroy, Linlithgow, respond to the Congress' offer?
The viceroy, Linlithgow, rejected the Congress' offer.
32
Why did the Congress argue that these conditions were necessary?
The Congress argued that these conditions were necessary to win public opinion for the war.
33
What were the areas of consistent hostility for the Congress regarding the war?
The Congress consistently opposed Fascism, Nazism, militarism, and imperialism, showing greater consistency than the British record.
34
Where was the official Congress position adopted regarding Indian support to British war efforts?
The official Congress position was adopted at the Wardha session of the Congress Working Committee.
35
What was Gandhi's stance on Indian support to the Allied powers during the war?
Gandhi advocated unconditional support to the Allied powers due to his dislike of fascist ideology and his sympathy towards democratic nations.
36
What was the opinion of Subhas Bose and other socialists regarding the war?
Subhas Bose and other socialists believed that both sides in the war were imperialists seeking to protect their colonial possessions and gain more territories. They opposed supporting either side and saw it as an ideal time to launch a civil disobedience movement.
37
How did Jawaharlal Nehru view the war and India's participation?
Nehru believed that justice was on the side of Britain, France, and Poland, but he also recognized them as imperialist powers. He advocated no Indian participation in the war until India itself was free but also cautioned against taking advantage of Britain's difficulty by immediately starting a civil disobedience movement.
38
Where was the Congress Working Committee meeting held to discuss different opinions on Indian support to the war efforts?
The Congress Working Committee meeting was held in Wardha.
39
What was the resolution passed by the Congress Working Committee regarding Indian support to the war efforts?
The resolution condemned Fascist aggression and stated that India could not be a party to a war fought for democratic freedom while that freedom was denied to India. It called for the end of imperialism in British colonies and the establishment of full democracy in India.
40
How did the Congress leadership approach the British government's response?
The Congress leadership wanted to give every chance to the viceroy and the British government.
41
What was Viceroy Linlithgow's response to the Congress' resolution?
Viceroy Linlithgow refused to define British war aims beyond resisting aggression. He proposed consulting representatives of various communities, parties, interests in India, and the Indian princes to modify the Act of 1935. He also suggested the establishment of a consultative committee.
42
What did the Congress demand from the government regarding war aims and democracy in India?
The Congress demanded that the government declare its war aims and how the principles of democracy would be applied to India after the war.
43
What approach did Gandhi ultimately adopt regarding Indian support to the war efforts?
Gandhi aligned himself with Nehru's position, which was adopted by the Congress Working Committee.
44
When was the August Offer made?
The August Offer was made in August 1940.
45
What did the British government propose in the August Offer?
The British government proposed dominion status for India, the formation of a representative Indian body to draft a constitution after the war, the extension of the Viceroy's Council to include more Indian participation, and the constitution of an advising war council after the war.
46
What powers would the British government retain according to the August Offer?
The British government would retain control over defense, finance, home affairs, and all Republic of India services.
47
Why did the Indian National Congress reject the August Offer?
The Indian National Congress rejected the August Offer because they desired complete independence, but were offered Dominion status instead.
48
What action did Mahatma Gandhi take after the rejection of the August Offer?
Mahatma Gandhi launched the Individual Satyagraha, a campaign to affirm the right to free expression.
49
Why were Gandhi and his supporters not in favor of an immediate mass struggle?
They were not in favor of an immediate mass struggle because they believed that the Allied cause was just, there was a risk of communal riots due to lack of Hindu-Muslim unity, the Congress organization was in disarray, and the masses were not prepared for a struggle.
50
What were some concerns raised by Gandhi and his supporters regarding an immediate mass struggle?
They expressed concerns about communal sensitiveness and the potential for communal riots, the disarray of the Congress organization, and the lack of readiness of the masses for a struggle.
51
What was the viewpoint of Gandhi and his supporters regarding the Allied cause?
Gandhi and his supporters believed that the Allied cause was just.
52
Why did Gandhi and his supporters believe that the atmosphere was not conducive for a mass struggle?
They believed that the Congress organization was in shambles and the overall atmosphere was not suitable for a mass struggle.
53
What factor did Gandhi and his supporters consider regarding the readiness of the masses for a struggle?
They believed that the masses were not prepared for a struggle at that time.
54
What was the purpose of the Individual Satyagraha?
The purpose of the Individual Satyagraha was to affirm the right to free expression, rather than to gain independence.
55
Why did Gandhi insist on Individual Satyagraha after the August Offer?
While radicals and leftists wanted to start a large-scale civil disobedience movement, Gandhi insisted on Individual Satyagraha to avoid potential violence and embarrassment for the United Kingdom.
56
What did Gandhi hope to convey through the Individual Satyagraha?
Gandhi wanted to convey that India should not be taken for granted by the British and that the principles of freedom and basic rights for which Britain was fighting Nazi Germany and Fascism should be equally applicable to Indians.
57
How did Gandhi differ from the radicals and leftists regarding building a free India?
Gandhi did not want to build a free India on the ruins of the British Empire, contrasting with the viewpoint of radicals and leftists.
58
Why did Gandhi believe that a mass movement could turn violent?
Gandhi believed that a mass movement had the potential to turn violent, and he wanted to avoid such a situation.
59
Why did Gandhi launch the Individual Satyagraha?
Gandhi launched the Individual Satyagraha to oppose the war and refute British propaganda that India was enthusiastically supporting the war of her own volition.
60
What was Gandhi's request to the Viceroy, and how did the Viceroy respond?
Gandhi requested the Viceroy to oppose the war and allow him to ask his people to do the same. However, the Viceroy refused to accept his request.
61
Who was the first person chosen for the Individual Satyagraha, and where did they begin their campaign?
Vinoba Bhave was the first person chosen for the Individual Satyagraha, and he began his campaign at Paunar, located just five miles from Wardha.
62
What were the reasons given by Vinoba Bhave for asking people not to participate in the government's war effort?
Vinoba Bhave asked people not to participate in the government's war effort due to the government's refusal to establish a Provisional National Government, dragging India into the war without consent or consultation, and denying freedom to preach against the war.
63
What happened to Vinoba Bhave after delivering anti-war speeches?
Vinoba Bhave was arrested on October 21, 1940, and sentenced to three months in prison for his participation in the Individual Satyagraha.
64
Who did Gandhi choose as the second Satyagrahi after Vinoba Bhave?
Gandhi chose Jawaharlal Nehru as the second Satyagrahi after Vinoba Bhave.
65
Why was Nehru arrested before he could launch his campaign for Individual Satyagraha?
Nehru was arrested on October 31, 1940, at the Cheoki railway station near Allahabad for violating the Defence of India Rules.
66
What was Nehru's sentence after his arrest?
Nehru was sentenced to four and a half years in prison for his seditious speeches.
67
Who was the third person chosen for Individual Satyagraha?
Brahma Dutt, an ashram inmate, was the third person chosen for Individual Satyagraha.
68
What was the 'Delhi Chalo Movement' associated with the Satyagrahis?
The Satyagrahis initiated the 'Delhi Chalo Movement,' which involved a march towards Delhi.
69
What happened to the 'Delhi Chalo Movement'?
The 'Delhi Chalo Movement' did not gain traction and was abandoned in December 1940.
70
What mission did the British government send to India after the failure of the August Offer?
The British government sent the Cripps Mission to India in an attempt to gain Indian support for the war.
71
What was the background situation that prompted the Cripps Mission to India?
The fall of Burma to Japan and the threat of Japanese invasion of India created a critical situation, making Indian support crucial for the British war effort.
72
Why was India declared a war party in the British Empire without consultation?
The Viceroy Lord Linlithgow declared India a war party in the British Empire when the Second World War broke out in 1939, without consulting the Indians, which led to major congressional demonstrations and the resignation of party leaders.
73
What was the significance of the resignation of provincial government leaders?
The resignation of provincial government leaders, who ruled 7 provinces, was celebrated as "Deliverance Day" by the Muslim League.
74
What pressure did the British government face from the US and other allied leaders?
The British government faced pressure from the US and other allied leaders to implement its own colonial policies in India and to secure Indian participation in the Allied war effort.
75
What was the purpose of the Cripps Mission?
The Cripps Mission was sent to India by the British government to gain Indian support for the war effort and to address the demand for constitutional reforms.
76
What was one of the key proposals of the Cripps Mission?
The formation of an Indian union with Dominion status, which would have the freedom to choose its relations with the Commonwealth and international organizations.
77
What sector would remain under British control according to the Cripps Mission's proposals?
The Indian defense sector was to be under British control.
78
How was the constituent assembly proposed to be formed?
The constituent assembly was to be formed with a combination of elected members from provincial assemblies and nominated members from the Princes.
79
What were the two conditions for the acceptance of the new constitution by the British government?
The two conditions were that any province unwilling to join the Union could have its own constitution and form its own Union, and a treaty would be negotiated between the new constitution-making body and the British government to effect the transfer of power and protect racial and religious minorities.
80
What international organization was mentioned in the Cripps Mission's proposals?
The United Nations was mentioned as one of the international organizations with which the Indian union could choose its relations.
81
How did the Cripps Mission differ from the August Offer in terms of the creation of the constitution?
The Cripps Mission proposed that the creation of the constitution would be solely in Indian hands, whereas the August Offer stated that it would be primarily in Indian hands.
82
What was the significance of the Cripps Mission's proposals regarding the constituent assembly?
The Cripps Mission provided a concrete plan for the formation of a constituent assembly to draft a new constitution for India.
83
What option did the Cripps Mission's proposals provide for any province?
The Cripps Mission allowed any province to have a separate constitution, which laid the groundwork for India's eventual partition.
84
What was the significance of the Cripps Mission's proposals regarding India's relationship with the Commonwealth?
The Cripps Mission allowed for the possibility of a free India withdrawing from the Commonwealth, granting greater independence.
85
What was the significance of the Cripps Mission's proposals regarding Indians in the administration during the interim period?
The Cripps Mission granted Indians a large share in the administration during the interim period, providing them with greater participation in governance.
86
Why did the Cripps Mission proposals fail to satisfy Indian nationalists?
The proposals were seen as too conservative by Indian nationalists who desired complete independence.
87
Which Indian organizations opposed the Cripps Mission?
The Indian National Congress (INC), the Muslim League, and other Indian organizations all opposed the mission.
88
Why did the Hindu Mahasabha and the Liberals object to the Cripps Mission?
The Hindu Mahasabha and the Liberals were opposed to the provision allowing states to secede.
89
Why did the Depressed Classes object to the Cripps Mission?
The Depressed Classes were concerned about their position as a minority in a future independent India.
90
What factors contributed to the failure of the Cripps Mission?
The lack of support from key British officials, the unclear intentions of the British government, Cripps' inflexible approach, and unresolved issues such as the viceroy's veto and the procedure of accession all contributed to the failure of the mission.
91
What raised doubts about the British intentions regarding the Cripps Mission proposals?
The explanation that the proposals were intended to supplement rather than replace the August Offer raised doubts about the British intentions.
92
How did Cripps' attitude contribute to the failure of the mission?
Cripps' rigid "take it or leave it" attitude and inability to go beyond the Draft Declaration exacerbated the impasse.
93
What did Cripps initially mean by mentioning "cabinet" and "national government"?
Cripps initially mentioned "cabinet" and "national government," but later clarified that he only meant an expansion of the executive council.
94
Why was the procedure of accession criticized?
The procedure of accession was not well defined, and it worked against the Hindus in Punjab and Bengal. It required a 60% majority in the legislature for a decision on accession, which could disadvantage those provinces if they wanted to join the Indian Union.
95
What uncertainties existed regarding the implementation and interpretation of the treaty for the transfer of power?
It was unclear who would implement and interpret the treaty that would result in the transfer of power, adding to the complexities of the negotiations.
96
How did the issue of the viceroy's veto affect the Cripps Mission?
The issue of the viceroy's veto became a point of contention and hindered the negotiations. Gandhi referred to the scheme as a "post-dated cheque," expressing his skepticism.
97
What did Gandhi draft after Cripps' departure?
Gandhi drafted a resolution calling for British withdrawal and a nonviolent non-cooperation movement in the event of a Japanese invasion.
98
When and where did the Congress Working Committee meet to discuss the idea of a struggle?
The Congress Working Committee met in Wardha in July 1942 to discuss the idea of a struggle.
99
Who was given command of the nonviolent mass movement during the Wardha meeting?
Gandhi was given command of the nonviolent mass movement during the Wardha meeting.
100
What is the resolution that emerged from the Wardha meeting commonly known as?
The resolution is commonly known as the 'Quit India' resolution.
101
When and where was the Quit India resolution supposed to be approved?
The Quit India resolution was supposed to be approved by the All India Congress Committee meeting in Bombay in August.
102
What were the slogans associated with the Quit India Movement?
The slogans of the movement were "Quit India" and "Bharat Chodo." Gandhi also gave the people the mantra, "Do or die."
103
How was the Quit India Movement envisioned by the Congress?
The Quit India Movement was envisioned as a peaceful, nonviolent movement to persuade the British to grant India independence, according to the Congress doctrine.
104
When and where was the Quit India Resolution ratified?
The Quit India Resolution was ratified on August 8, 1942, at the Congress meeting in Gowalia Tank, Bombay.
105
What were the key demands made in the Quit India Resolution?
The demands included the immediate end of British rule in India, the commitment of free India to defend itself against fascism and imperialism, the formation of a provisional Government of India after British withdrawal, and the sanctioning of a civil disobedience movement against British rule.
106
What was the venue of the Congress meeting where the Quit India Resolution was ratified?
The Quit India Resolution was ratified at the Congress meeting held in Gowalia Tank, Bombay.
107
What did the Quit India Resolution declare regarding India's defense?
The Quit India Resolution declared free India's commitment to defend itself against all forms of Fascism and imperialism.
108
What action was sanctioned in the Quit India Resolution against British rule?
The Quit India Resolution sanctioned a civil disobedience movement against British rule.
109
What was the proposed plan for governance after British withdrawal according to the Quit India Resolution?
The Quit India Resolution proposed the formation of a provisional Government of India following British withdrawal.
110
Why did the Quit India Movement arise during the Second World War?
The Quit India Movement arose during the Second World War due to the growing threat of Japan's advancement on India's north-eastern frontiers as an Axis Power opposing the British.
111
How did the British abandonment of their colonies in Southeast Asia affect the Indian public?
The British abandonment of their colonies in Southeast Asia left the Indian public with doubts about the British's ability to defend India from Axis assault, which fueled discontent.
112
What was Gandhi's perspective on Japan's invasion of India?
Gandhi believed that if the British were to leave India, Japan would have no reason to invade the country.
113
What factors contributed to animosity towards the British government during the Quit India Movement?
Hearing about British military defeats and wartime hardships, such as high prices for essential goods, fueled animosity towards the British government.
114
What led to the call for a major civil disobedience movement during the Quit India Movement?
The failure of the Cripps Mission to provide a constitutional solution to India's challenges led the Indian National Congress (INC) to call for a major civil disobedience movement.
115
What happened during the first phase of the Quit India Movement?
During the first phase, the general public engaged in acts of defiance, such as attacking authority symbols, hoisting national flags on public buildings, and engaging in acts of sabotage like blowing up bridges, removing railway tracks, and severing telegraph lines.
116
Where was this type of activity most prevalent during the first phase of the Quit India Movement?
This type of activity was most prevalent in the eastern United Provinces and in Bihar.
117
How did students participate in the Quit India Movement during the first phase?
Students participated by going on strikes in schools and colleges, marching in processions, writing and distributing illegal news sheets (Patrika), and acting as couriers for underground networks.
118
Which cities witnessed strikes by workers during the first phase of the Quit India Movement?
Workers in cities such as Ahmedabad, Bombay, Jamshedpur, Ahmednagar, and Poona went on strike during the first phase.
119
What happened during the second phase of the Quit India Movement?
During the second phase, many nationalists went underground and engaged in subversive activities against the British.
120
Which individuals and groups participated in the underground activities during the second phase of the Quit India Movement?
Socialists, Forward Bloc members, Gandhi ashramites, revolutionary nationalists, and local organizations from various parts of India, including Bombay, Poona, Satara, Baroda, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, United Provinces, Bihar, and Delhi, took part in these activities. Key figures involved included Rammanohar Lohia, Jayaprakash Narayan, Aruna Asaf Ali, Usha Mehta, Biju Patnaik, Chhotubhai Puranik, Achyut Patwardhan, Sucheta Kripalani, and R.P. Goenka.
121
What significant contribution did Usha Mehta make during the Quit India Movement?
Usha Mehta founded an underground radio station in Bombay, which played a crucial role in maintaining communication and disseminating information during the movement.
122
What was the purpose of the underground activities during the second phase of the Quit India Movement?
The purpose of the underground activities was to maintain popular morale, establish a line of command, and facilitate the distribution of arms and ammunition.
123
Where was a parallel government established during the Quit India Movement, led by Chittu Pandey?
A parallel government was established in Ballia for a week in August 1942 under the leadership of Chittu Pandey.
124
What activities were carried out by the Jatiya Sarkar in Tamluk during the Quit India Movement?
In Tamluk, the Jatiya Sarkar worked on cyclone relief, sanctioned school grants, distributed paddy from the rich to the poor, and organized initiatives such as Vidyut Vahinis.
125
Which leaders were involved in the establishment of the "Prati Sarkar" in Satara during the Quit India Movement?
Leaders such as Y.B. Chavan, Nana Patil, and others were involved in the organization of the "Prati Sarkar" in Satara.
126
How did various individuals and groups provide active assistance during the Quit India Movement?
Businessmen provided donations and shelter, students acted as couriers, simple villagers refused to provide information to authorities, pilots and train drivers delivered bombs and other materials, and even government officials, including police, passed on secret information to the activists.
127
Who were the prominent Congress leaders arrested by the British administration following Gandhi's demand during the Quit India Movement?
Gandhi, Nehru, Patel, and other prominent Congress leaders were arrested.
128
Who took over the leadership of the Quit India Movement after the arrest of the prominent Congress leaders?
Jayaprakash Narayan and Ram Manohar Lohia took over the leadership of the movement.
129
Who emerged as a leader during the Quit India Movement due to the leadership vacuum?
Aruna Asaf Ali emerged as a leader during the movement.
130
How did the authorities respond to the unrest caused by the Quit India Movement?
The authorities used violence to suppress the movement, including mass floggings and lathi charges. Police shootings resulted in the deaths of about ten thousand people, including women and children.
131
What happened to the Indian National Congress (INC) during the Quit India Movement?
The INC was declared illegal, and its leaders were imprisoned for almost the entire duration of the war. Gandhi was released in 1944 due to his ill health.
132
How did the people react to Gandhi's demand during the Quit India Movement?
The people reacted strongly, but due to the lack of leadership, there were isolated incidents of violence and damage to government property. Structures were set ablaze, power lines were cut, and communication and transportation links were disrupted.
133
Which political parties were opposed to the Quit India Movement?
The Muslim League, the Communist Party of India, and the Hindu Mahasabha were opposed to the movement.
134
Why did the Muslim League oppose the Quit India Movement?
The Muslim League opposed the British leaving India without first splitting the nation. Jinnah urged more Muslims to join the army instead.
135
Why did the Communist Party of India support the British war effort during the Quit India Movement?
The Communist Party supported the British war effort because the British were associated with the Soviet Union.
136
Who was organizing the Indian National Army and the Azad Hind government from outside the nation during the Quit India Movement?
Subhas Chandra Bose was organizing the Indian National Army and the Azad Hind government.
137
Which member of the INC resigned during the Quit India Movement due to not supporting complete independence?
C Rajagopalachari, a member of the INC, resigned because he did not support complete independence.
138
How did workers support the Quit India Movement despite the absence of support from the communists?
Workers supported the movement by refusing to work in factories, participating in strikes, and joining demonstrations.
139
Which were the main focus areas of the Quit India Movement?
The main focus areas of the movement were Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Midnapore, and Karnataka. The uprising continued until 1944.
140
When were the general elections held in British India?
The general elections were held in December 1945.
141
What revived hopes for political advance during the Elections of 1945-46?
The coming to power of the Labour Party in Britain revived hopes for political advance.
142
What was the important initiative taken by the Labour Government?
The important initiative was the declaration that elections to the central and provincial assemblies would be held in 1945.
143
When was the announcement made regarding the elections to the central and provincial legislatures?
On September 19, 1945, the Viceroy, Lord Wavell, announced that the elections would be held in December 1945.
144
What was announced regarding the formation of an executive council and a constitution-making body?
It was announced that an executive council would be formed and a constitution-making body would be convened after the elections.
145
Why couldn't the proposed all-India federation under the Government of India Act 1935 take place?
The proposed all-India federation could not take place because the government believed that the Princely states were unwilling to join it.
146
Under the terms of which act were the elections to the central legislature held?
The elections to the central legislature were held under the terms of the Government of India Act 1919.
147
How many seats did the Congress win in the elections to the central assembly in December 1945?
The Congress won 57 seats out of 102 in the elections to the central assembly.
148
Which party won the most seats in the elections to the provincial assemblies?
The Congress won 923 seats out of 1585 in the elections to the provincial assemblies.
149
Which party was defeated by the Muslim League in the Muslim seats?
The Congress was defeated by the Muslim League in the Muslim seats.
150
What was the significance of the elections of 1946?
The elections of 1946 were a watershed moment.
151
What did the election results make clear about the Congress and the Muslim League?
The results made it clear that the Congress represented the large masses of the country, while the Muslim League spoke for most Muslims.
152
In which provinces did the Congress form governments after the elections?
The Congress formed governments in Madras, Bombay, United Provinces, Bihar, Orissa, Central Provinces and Berar, and NWFP.
153
Which provinces saw the formation of ministries by the Muslim League?
The Muslim League formed ministries in Bengal and Sind.
154
What coalition was formed in Punjab after the 1946 elections?
Akalis joined with Unionists and Congress to form a coalition ministry in Punjab
155
What was the strategic victory for Jinnah and the partitionists in the 1945-46 elections?
The election was a strategic victory for Jinnah and the partitionists as the Muslim League had united the Muslim vote, giving them negotiating power to seek a separate Muslim homeland.
156
How did communal voting in the elections differ from previous anti-British upsurges?
Communal voting in the elections differed from previous anti-British upsurges due to the presence of separate electorates and limited franchise. The elections witnessed communal voting instead of strong anti-British unity.
157
What was the percentage of the population eligible to vote in the provincial elections?
For the provincial elections, less than 10 percent of the population was eligible to vote.
158
What was the percentage of the population eligible to vote in the Central Assembly elections?
For the Central Assembly elections, less than 1 percent of the population was eligible to vote.
159
What was significant about the 1945-46 elections in British India?
These elections were the last general elections in British India, and subsequent elections were held in 1951 in India and 1970 in Pakistan.
