37.Assam Accord and NRC, Emergency and Naxalism

Question 1

When was the Assam Accord signed?

Answer 1

The Assam Accord was signed on August 15, 1985.

Question 2

Who were the signatories of the Assam Accord?

Answer 2

The signatories of the Assam Accord were the Governments of India and Assam, the All Assam Students’ Union (AASU), and the All Assam Gana Sangram Parishad (AAGSP).

Question 3

What was the main demand of the All Assam Students’ Union (AASU) during the agitation?

Answer 3

The main demand of the AASU during the agitation was the identification and deportation of illegal immigrants.

Question 4

What led to concerns about illegal immigrants in Assam?

Answer 4

The continuing influx of foreign nationals into Assam and its potential impact on the political, social, cultural, and economic life of the state led to concerns about illegal immigrants.

Question 5

Who initiated the dialogue with AASU and AAGSP to address the issue of illegal immigrants in Assam?

Answer 5

The then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi initiated the dialogue with AASU and AAGSP to address the issue of illegal immigrants in Assam.

Question 6

What are some of the important clauses of the Assam Accord?

Answer 6

Some important clauses of the Assam Accord include clauses related to the foreigners’ issue, safeguards and economic development, and the restoration of normalcy.

Question 7

When was the “Implementation of Assam Accord Department” set up?

Answer 7

The “Implementation of Assam Accord Department” was set up in 1986 to implement the various clauses of the Assam Accord.

Question 8

What was the base data year agreed upon for the detection and deletion of foreigners in Assam?

Answer 8

The base data year agreed upon for the detection and deletion of foreigners in Assam was 1/1/1966.

Question 9

What was the fate of individuals who came to Assam prior to 1.1.1966?

Answer 9

Individuals who came to Assam prior to 1.1.1966, including those whose names appeared on the electoral rolls used in the 1967 elections, were to be regularized.

Question 10

How were foreigners who came to Assam after 1.1.1966 and up to 24th March 1971 to be dealt with?

Answer 10

Foreigners who came to Assam after 1.1.1966 and up to 24th March 1971 were to be detected in accordance with the provisions of The Foreigners Act, 1946, and The Foreigners (Tribunals) Order, 1964. Their names would be deleted from the electoral rolls.

Question 11

What was the cut-off used in updating the National Register of Citizens (NRC)?

Answer 11

The same cut-off of 1.1.1966 was used in updating the National Register of Citizens (NRC).

Question 12

What registration process was required for foreigners in Assam?

Answer 12

Foreigners in Assam were required to register themselves before the Registration Officers of the respective districts in accordance with the provisions of The Registration of Foreigners Act, 1939, and The Registration of Foreigners Rules, 1939.

Question 13

What was the fate of individuals who were expelled but re-entered illegally into Assam?

Answer 13

Individuals who were expelled earlier but had re-entered illegally into Assam would be expelled again.

Question 14

What actions were to be taken regarding foreigners who came to Assam on or after March 25, 1971?

Answer 14

Foreigners who came to Assam on or after March 25, 1971, would continue to be detected, deleted, and practical steps would be taken to expel them.

Question 15

What does Clause 6 of the Assam Accord address?

Answer 15

Clause 6 of the Assam Accord provides safeguards for the Assamese people to protect, preserve, and promote their culture, social, linguistic identity, and heritage.

Question 16

Which communities are eligible for citizenship under the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019?

Answer 16

The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 provides citizenship to undocumented non-Muslim communities, including Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians, from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh who entered India on or before December 31, 2014.

Question 17

What is the contradiction between the CAA and the Assam Accord?

Answer 17

The CAA contradicts the Assam Accord of 1985, which states that all illegal migrants, regardless of religion, who entered Assam after March 25, 1971, would be deported. The CAA provides citizenship based on religion, favoring certain communities.

Question 18

How many times has a National Emergency been declared in India?

Answer 18

A National Emergency has been declared three times in India.

Question 19

When was the first National Emergency declared in India and why?

Answer 19

The first National Emergency was declared in India from 1962 to 1968. It was declared during the India-China war when the security of India was declared as being threatened by external aggression.

Question 20

When was the second National Emergency declared in India and why?

Answer 20

The second National Emergency was declared in 1971 during the Indo-Pakistan war.

Question 21

When was the third National Emergency declared in India and why?

Answer 21

The third National Emergency was declared from 1975 to 1977. It was declared under controversial circumstances of political instability and was based on the grounds of internal disturbance.

Question 22

What constitutional amendment gave parliament the power to abridge Fundamental rights during the Emergency of 1977?

Answer 22

The government under Mrs. Indira Gandhi amended the constitution to give parliament the power to abridge Fundamental rights in case of legislation giving effect to Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs).

Question 23

What was the significant change made by the government in appointing the Chief Justice of India during the Emergency of 1977?

Answer 23

The government set aside the long-standing precedent of appointing the senior most judges in the Supreme Court as Chief Justice and instead appointed Justice A.N. Ray as Chief Justice of India.

Question 24

What was the ruling of the Allahabad High Court regarding Indira Gandhi’s election to Lok Sabha?

Answer 24

The Allahabad High Court ruled in favor of socialist leader Raj Narain and set aside Indira Gandhi’s victory, ruling her elections invalid on the grounds of abuse of power.

Question 25

What action did the Supreme Court take regarding the Allahabad High Court’s ruling on Indira Gandhi’s election?

Answer 25

The Supreme Court granted a partial stay on the Allahabad High Court’s order, allowing Indira Gandhi to remain an MP but observing that she couldn’t participate in proceedings of the court.

Question 26

What led to the declaration of a state of emergency on June 26, 1975?

Answer 26

The government declared a state of emergency on the grounds of the threat of internal disturbances, invoking Article 352 of the constitution, in response to demands for Indira Gandhi’s resignation following the Allahabad High Court’s ruling and the subsequent partial stay by the Supreme Court.

Question 27

What happens to the federal distribution of powers during a declared emergency?

Answer 27

During an emergency, the federal distribution of powers remains suspended, and all powers get concentrated in the Union government.

Question 28

How are Fundamental rights affected during an emergency?

Answer 28

During an emergency, Fundamental rights can be curtailed or restricted.

Question 29

What measures were taken regarding the press during the emergency?

Answer 29

Press censorship was implemented, requiring approval from the government before publishing any content.

Question 30

What restrictions were imposed on protests and public agitations during the emergency?

Answer 30

Protests, strikes, and public agitations were not allowed during the emergency period.

Question 31

What happened to the fundamental right of constitutional remedies during the emergency?

Answer 31

The fundamental right of constitutional remedies, which allows individuals to approach the court to restore their fundamental rights, was suspended during the emergency.

Question 32

How was preventive detention used during the emergency?

Answer 32

The government misused the provision of preventive detention and arrested political workers of opposition parties. Under preventive detention, arrested persons couldn’t challenge the move as the right to constitutional remedies was suspended.

Question 33

What was the impact of the emergency on the functioning of the government?

Answer 33

People without official positions interfered in the functioning of the government during the emergency, leading to a misuse of administrative powers.

Question 34

When did the first non-Congress United Front government come to power in West Bengal?

Answer 34

The first non-Congress United Front government came to power in West Bengal in March 1967.

Question 35

Why did the Naxalite movement begin in Naxalbari?

Answer 35

The Naxalite movement began in Naxalbari because local leader Charu Majumdar believed that the democratic process of land distribution and democracy in India were sham.

Question 36

How did the Naxalite movement attempt to address the issue of land distribution?

Answer 36

The Naxalite movement used force to snatch land from rich landowners and distribute it among the poor and landless.

Question 37

What happened to the Naxalite movement in Naxalbari by July 1967?

Answer 37

The peasant movement in Naxalbari was over by July 1967, with most of its leaders in jail due to the government’s policy of repression.

Question 38

In which areas did similar movements to Naxalism take root?

Answer 38

Similar movements to Naxalism took root in areas like Srikakulam in Andhra Pradesh.

Question 39

When was the CP (ML) formed, and what changes occurred within the movement?

Answer 39

The CP (ML) was formed in April 1969. It marked a shift from mass line to guerrilla action and individual annihilation.

Question 40

Did the Naxalite movement completely fade after 1975?

Answer 40

No, even after 1975, groups of Maoists continued to exist in remote pockets of the country, particularly in backward and poor regions inhabited by tribals or poor low-caste cultivators and agricultural laborers.

Question 41

When did several splintered groups join hands to form the unified CPI (Maoist)?

Answer 41

Several splintered groups joined hands to form the unified CPI (Maoist) in the early 2000s.