27.Nehru Report and Civil Disobedience Movement

Question 1

What were Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose advocating for in the Nehru Report?

Answer 1

Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose advocated for total swaraj (complete independence) in the Nehru Report.

Question 2

When was the resolution passed by the Congress calling for a boycott of the Simon Commission?

Answer 2

The resolution calling for a boycott of the Simon Commission was passed in December 1927 at the annual session of Congress in Madras.

Question 3

What happened on the day the Simon Commission arrived in Bombay?

Answer 3

On the day the Simon Commission arrived in Bombay on February 3, 1928, a complete hartal (strike) was observed in Mumbai, and people came out in procession wherever the commission went.

Question 4

Who challenged the congressmen to prepare a draft of India’s constitution?

Answer 4

Lord Birkenhead, the secretary of state for India, challenged the congressmen to prepare a draft of India’s constitution.

Question 5

Who chaired the committee that was formed to draft the proposed constitution?

Answer 5

The committee that was formed to draft the proposed constitution was chaired by Motilal Nehru.

Question 6

What was one of the key recommendations of the Nehru Report regarding the political status of India?

Answer 6

India should be granted Dominion Status with a Parliamentary form of government.

Question 7

How many members were proposed for the Senate in the Nehru Report?

Answer 7

The Nehru Report proposed 200 members for the Senate.

Question 8

What was the recommended term of office for members of the House of Representatives in the Nehru Report?

Answer 8

Members of the House of Representatives were recommended to serve for five years.

Question 9

What form of government did the Nehru Report propose for India?

Answer 9

The Nehru Report proposed a federal form of government for India.

Question 10

What was the stance of the Nehru Report on separate electorates for minorities?

Answer 10

The Nehru Report recommended the abolition of separate electorates for minorities and the establishment of a joint electorate.

Question 11

Was there a provision for reserved seats for Punjabi and Bengali communities in the Nehru Report?

Answer 11

No, the Nehru Report did not propose reserved seats for Punjabi and Bengali communities.

Question 12

What was the recommendation regarding the separation of Sind from Bombay in the Nehru Report?

Answer 12

Sind should be separated from Bombay if it can demonstrate financial independence.

Question 13

What was the proposed representation of Muslims at the Centre according to the Nehru Report?

Answer 13

Muslims should account for one-quarter of the population at the Centre according to the Nehru Report.

Question 14

How many fundamental rights were recommended in the Nehru Report?

Answer 14

The Nehru Report recommended about nineteen fundamental rights.

Question 15

What were some of the fundamental rights proposed in the Nehru Report?

Answer 15

Some of the proposed fundamental rights included equal rights for women, the right to form unions, and universal adult suffrage.

Question 16

How did the Muslim League respond to the Nehru Report?

Answer 16

The Muslim League, with a few exceptions, rejected the Nehru Report proposals.

Question 17

What were the core demands of the Muslim community as outlined in Jinnah’s Fourteen Points?

Answer 17

The core demands of the Muslim community in Jinnah’s Fourteen Points included a definite principle for effective and adequate minority representation and one-third representation of Muslims.

Question 18

Who were among the groups unhappy with the Nehru Report?

Answer 18

The Muslim League, the Hindu Mahasabha, the Sikh communities, and the younger section of the Congress led by Nehru and Subhas Bose were all unhappy with the Nehru Report.

Question 19

What was the response of Nehru and Subhas Bose to the Congress’ modified goal?

Answer 19

Nehru and Subhas Bose rejected the Congress’ modified goal and jointly set up the Independence for India League.

Question 20

Was the Nehru Report adopted at the All Parties Conference in December 1928?

Answer 20

No, the Nehru Report was not adopted at the All Parties Conference in Calcutta, December 1928.

Question 21

When did floods and famines strike Bardoli Taluka in Gujarat?

Answer 21

Floods and famines struck Bardoli Taluka in Gujarat in 1925.

Question 22

Why were the farmers in Bardoli affected financially?

Answer 22

The crops were severely affected by the floods and famines, leading to financial difficulties for the farmers.

Question 23

How did the government respond to the farmers’ appeals to reconsider the tax rates?

Answer 23

Despite the appeals, the government chose to increase tax collection and did not reconsider the discriminatory rise in tax rates.

Question 24

Who founded the Bardoli Satyagraha movement in 1922?

Answer 24

The Bardoli Satyagraha movement was founded in 1922 by the ‘Merta Bandhus’ (Kalyan Ji and Kunwar Ji) and Dayal Ji of Bardoli Taluka.

Question 25

What did the farmers in Bardoli do in January 1928 to protest against the tax hike?

Answer 25

The farmers in Bardoli refused to pay taxes and initiated a protest and strike in January 1928.

Question 26

Who did the farmers urge to lead their protest and strike?

Answer 26

The farmers urged Vallabhai Patel to lead their protest and strike.

Question 27

How did Vallabhai Patel organize the protest in Bardoli?

Answer 27

Vallabhai Patel divided the taluk into camps, enlisted the help of hundreds of men and women, and conducted door-to-door campaigning.

Question 28

Who actively participated in the Bardoli Satyagraha, including distributing news bulletins and conducting campaigns?

Answer 28

Volunteers from Hindu, Muslim, Parsi, and other communities actively participated in the Bardoli Satyagraha.

Question 29

What moniker was given to Vallabhai Patel by the women who participated in the movement?

Answer 29

The women who participated in the movement gave Vallabhai Patel the moniker ‘Sardar.’

Question 30

What did the peasants in Bardoli swear in the name of God not to do?

Answer 30

The peasants in Bardoli swore in the name of God not to pay taxes.

Question 31

How did the Bardoli peasants treat those who paid their taxes and supported the British?

Answer 31

The Bardoli peasants socially shunned those who paid their taxes and supported the British.

Question 32

What did the Bardoli peasants refuse to accept at the local government offices?

Answer 32

The Bardoli peasants refused to accept non-essential commodities at the local government offices.

Question 33

Who resigned from the Bombay Legislative Council to support the Bardoli Satyagraha?

Answer 33

K. M. Munshi and Lalji Naranji resigned from the Bombay Legislative Council to support the Bardoli Satyagraha.

Question 34

How did the Bardoli villagers ensure that their property was not confiscated by the government officials?

Answer 34

The Bardoli villagers had informers in British government offices who would inform them in advance if any confiscation notices were issued. They would then move to a new location together, leaving behind an empty community when the officials arrived.

Question 35

Why did the British Government establish the Maxwell-Broomfield commission?

Answer 35

The British Government was concerned about the growing support and attention the Bardoli Satyagraha was receiving, so they established the Maxwell-Broomfield commission to investigate the matter.

Question 36

What happened to the land acquired from the peasants after the Bardoli Satyagraha?

Answer 36

The land acquired from the peasants was returned to them.

Question 37

By what percentage was the revenue cut following the success of the Bardoli Satyagraha?

Answer 37

The revenue was cut to 6.03 per cent after the success of the Bardoli Satyagraha.

Question 38

How did Vallabhai Patel’s stature change after the Bardoli Satyagraha?

Answer 38

Following the success of the Bardoli Satyagraha, Vallabhai Patel grew into a national leader.

Question 39

Where was the 1929 Congress session held?

Answer 39

The 1929 Congress session was held in Lahore.

Question 40

What resolution did the Indian National Congress adopt at the Lahore session?

Answer 40

The Indian National Congress adopted the Poorna Swaraj or complete independence resolution at the Lahore session.

Question 41

Who was nominated as the President for the Lahore session of the Congress?

Answer 41

Jawaharlal Nehru was nominated as the President for the Lahore session of the Congress.

Question 42

Why was Nehru chosen as the President for the Lahore session?

Answer 42

Nehru was chosen as the President to acknowledge the upsurge of youth and the success of the anti-Simon campaign, as well as the significance of Congress accepting complete independence as its goal.

Question 43

What major decisions were taken at the Lahore session?

Answer 43

The major decisions taken at the Lahore session were:

*Boycotting the Round Table Conference.
*Declaring complete independence as the aim of the Congress.
*Authorizing the Congress Working Committee to launch a program of civil disobedience, including non-payment of taxes.
*Asking all members of legislatures to resign their seats.
*Fixing January 26, 1930, as the first Independence (Swarajya) Day.

Question 44

What was fixed as the first Independence Day to be celebrated everywhere?

Answer 44

January 26, 1930, was fixed as the first Independence (Swarajya) Day to be celebrated everywhere.

Question 45

When was the tricolor flag of freedom hoisted on the banks of River Ravi?

Answer 45

The tricolor flag of freedom was hoisted by Jawaharlal Nehru on December 31, 1929, at midnight on the banks of River Ravi.

Question 46

What happened on January 26, 1930, across the country?

Answer 46

On January 26, 1930, public meetings were organized all over the country, and the independence pledge was read out in local languages and the national flag was hoisted.

Question 47

Who hoisted the flag and proclaimed “Inquilab Zindabad”?

Answer 47

Jawaharlal Nehru hoisted the flag of freedom and proclaimed “Inquilab Zindabad.”

Question 48

Who drafted the pledge that was read out on January 26, 1930?

Answer 48

The pledge was supposed to have been drafted by Mahatma Gandhi.

Question 49

What were some of the points mentioned in the independence pledge?

Answer 49

The independence pledge included the following points:

*Inalienable right of Indians to have freedom.
*Deprivation and exploitation by the British government in India.
*Ruination of India economically, politically, culturally, and spiritually.
*Need for India to sever the British connection and attain complete independence.
*Economic ruin due to high revenue, destruction of village industries, and unfavorable customs, currency, and exchange rates.
*Denial of real political powers and rights of free association.
*Cultural detachment caused by the education system.
*Spiritual emasculation through compulsory disarmament.
*Considered submission to British rule as a crime against humanity and divinity.
*Preparation for complete independence through withdrawal from voluntary associations with the British government and civil disobedience through non-payment of taxes.
*Commitment to follow Congress instructions for establishing complete independence (purna swaraj).

Question 50

What was the slogan proclaimed by Jawaharlal Nehru while hoisting the tricolor flag?

Answer 50

Jawaharlal Nehru proclaimed the slogan “Inquilab Zindabad,” which means “Long live the revolution.”

Question 51

What ultimatum did Gandhi give to the government regarding his demands?

Answer 51

Gandhi gave an ultimatum of January 31, 1930, to the government led by Lord Irwin as Viceroy to accept or reject his 11 demands.

Question 52

What powers were vested in Gandhi by the Congress Working Committee?

Answer 52

The Congress Working Committee invested Gandhi with full powers to launch the Civil Disobedience Movement at a time and place of his choice.

Question 53

What did Gandhi decide to make the central focus of the Civil Disobedience Movement?

Answer 53

Gandhi decided to make salt the central formula for the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Question 54

What did Gandhi inform the viceroy about on March 2, 1930?

Answer 54

On March 2, 1930, Gandhi informed the viceroy about his plan of action, which involved marching from Ahmedabad to Dandi, violating the salt law by collecting salt from the beach.

Question 55

How long was the march planned by Gandhi and his followers?

Answer 55

The march planned by Gandhi and his followers was to cover a distance of 240 miles through the villages of Gujarat.

Question 56

What was the significance of collecting salt from the beach at Dandi?

Answer 56

Collecting salt from the beach at Dandi symbolized the violation of the salt law imposed by the British government, which was a major act of civil disobedience during the movement.