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MODERN HISTORY > 28.Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conference > Flashcards

28.Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conference Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the 11 demands presented by Gandhi to the government?

A

The text does not mention the specific details of the 11 demands.

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2
Q

What deadline did Gandhi give for the government to accept or reject the demands?

A

January 31, 1930.

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3
Q

Who gave Gandhi the authority to launch the Civil Disobedience Movement?

A

The Congress Working Committee.

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4
Q

What did Gandhi make the central formula of the movement?

A

Salt.

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5
Q

When was the Civil Disobedience Movement launched?

A

It was launched after the celebration of Independence Day in 1930.

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6
Q

What did Gandhi do to formally launch the Civil Disobedience Movement?

A

He picked a handful of salt after completing the ‘Dandi March’ from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, violating the government’s salt law.

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7
Q

When did Gandhi start the Dandi March?

A

On March 12, 1930.

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8
Q

How far did Gandhi travel during the Dandi March?

A

Approximately 385 kilometers from Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad to Dandi.

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9
Q

What was the driving force behind the Civil Disobedience Movement?

A

Gandhi’s inspiration and grassroots participation in the liberation struggle.

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10
Q

What specific action spread the Civil Disobedience Movement across the country?

A

Defiance of the salt law.

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11
Q

How did salt connect with the ideals of swaraj (self-rule) and the grievances of the rural poor?

A

Salt provided a small but psychologically important income for the poor through self-help and symbolized mass suffering for the urban populace.

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12
Q

What directions did Gandhi give for future action before the proposed march began?

A

Gandhi gave the following directions for future action.

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13
Q

What was the first direction given by Gandhi?

A

Wherever possible, civil disobedience of the salt law should be started.

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14
Q

Which types of shops could be picketed according to Gandhi’s directions?

A

Foreign liquor and cloth shops.

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15
Q

What action could people take regarding taxes?

A

People could refuse to pay taxes if they have the requisite strength.

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16
Q

What suggestion did Gandhi give to lawyers?

A

Lawyers can give up practice.

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17
Q

How could the public boycott law courts according to Gandhi’s directions?

A

The public can boycott law courts by refraining from litigation.

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18
Q

What option did government servants have according to Gandhi’s directions?

A

Government servants can resign from their posts.

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19
Q

What condition should all these actions be subject to?

A

The condition is that truth and non-violence as means to attain swaraj should be faithfully adhered to.

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20
Q

What should people do after Gandhi’s arrest?

A

They should obey local leaders.

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21
Q

What was one action recommended during the Civil Disobedience Movement regarding the salt law?

A

Salt law should be violated everywhere.

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22
Q

What action did students take during the movement?

A

Students left colleges.

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23
Q

What did government servants do as part of the movement?

A

Government servants resigned.

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24
Q

How was foreign cloth treated during the movement?

A

Foreign cloth should be burnt.

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25
Q

What action was encouraged regarding taxes during the movement?

A

People were advised to pay no taxes.

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26
Q

What actions were taken in response to Gandhi’s ritual at Dandi?

A

Defiance of the salt laws started all over the country.

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27
Q

Whose arrest in April 1930 sparked huge demonstrations in Madras, Calcutta, and Karachi?

A

Nehru’s arrest for defiance of the salt law.

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28
Q

When was Gandhi arrested, and what was his announced plan before the arrest?

A

Gandhi was arrested on May 4, 1930, after announcing that he would lead a raid on Dharasana Salt Works on the west coast.

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29
Q

Which cities witnessed massive protests following Gandhi’s arrest?

A

Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta, and Sholapur (with the most fierce response).

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30
Q

What actions did the Congress Working Committee (CWC) sanction after Gandhi’s arrest?

A

Non-payment of revenue in ryotwari areas, no-chowkidari-tax campaign in zamindari areas, and violation of forest laws in the Central Provinces.

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31
Q

Who organized a march from Tiruchirapalli to Vedaranniyam in April 1930 to break the salt law?

A

C. Rajagopalachari organized the march in Tamilnadu.

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32
Q

Who organized salt marches in Malabar, and who defended the national flag in Calicut beach?

A

K. Kelappan, a Nair Congress leader, organized salt marches in Malabar, and P. Krishna Pillai heroically defended the national flag in the face of police lathi-charge on Calicut beach in November 1930.

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33
Q

In which districts of Andhra Region were salt marches organized?

A

Salt marches were organized in East and West Godavari, Krishna, and Guntur districts.

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34
Q

What were the military style camps set up for during the Salt Satyagraha?

A

The camps served as the headquarters of the Salt Satyagraha.

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35
Q

Who led the effective salt satyagraha in the coastal regions of Balasore, Cuttack, and Puri districts in Orissa?

A

Gopabandhu Choudhuri, a Gandhian leader, led the salt satyagraha.

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36
Q

Who incited the aboriginal Kachari villages in Assam to break forest laws?

A

Chandraprabha Saikiani incited the aboriginal Kachari villages in Assam to break forest laws.

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37
Q

What was the chosen site in Patna to make salt and break the salt law?

A

Nakhas Pond was chosen as the site in Patna.

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38
Q

Who led the salt satyagraha in Patna?

A

Ambika Kant Sinha led the salt satyagraha in Patna.

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39
Q

What replaced the salt satyagraha in Patna due to physical constraints in making salt?

A

A very powerful no chaukidari tax agitation replaced the salt satyagraha.

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40
Q

What was Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan’s role in Peshawar?

A

Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan carried out educational and social reform work among the Pathans

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41
Q

What were the volunteer brigades organized by Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan called?

A

The volunteer brigade was called ‘Khudai Khidmatgars’ or ‘Red-Shirts’.

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42
Q

Who led the raid on the Dharasana Salt Works in Gujarat?

A

On May 21, 1930, Sarojini Naidu, Imam Sahib, and Manilal (Gandhi’s son) led the raid on the Dharasana Salt Works.

43
Q

What happened during the raid on the Dharasana Salt Works?

A

The unarmed and peaceful crowd was met with a brutal lathi-charge, resulting in 2 deaths and 320 injuries.

44
Q

Where else did people adopt the new form of salt satyagraha?

A

The new form of salt satyagraha was adopted in Wadala (Bombay), Karnataka (Sanikatta Salt Works), Andhra, Midnapore, Balasore, Puri, and Cuttack.

45
Q

Who raised the banner of revolt against foreign rule in Manipur and Nagaland?

A

Rani Gaidinliu, at the young age of 13, raised the banner of revolt following her cousin Haipou Jadonang’s lead in Manipur (now a state) against foreign rule.

46
Q

How did the British government respond to the Civil Disobedience Movement?

A

The government’s attitude was ambivalent, and it faced a dilemma between using force and taking little action, both of which eroded its power.

47
Q

What actions did the government take after Gandhi’s arrest?

A

The government used ordinances to prohibit civil liberties and gagged the press.

48
Q

When was the Congress Working Committee declared illegal?

A

In June 1930, the Congress Working Committee was declared illegal by the British government.

49
Q

What were some consequences of the government’s response to the movement?

A

There were lathi-charges and firing on unarmed crowds, resulting in deaths, injuries, and imprisonment of satyagrahis, including Gandhi and other Congress leaders.

50
Q

What proposal did Lord Irwin, the viceroy, make in July 1930?

A

Lord Irwin proposed a round table conference and reiterated the goal of dominion status.

51
Q

Who were appointed to investigate the possibility of peace between the Congress and the government?

A

Tej Bahadur Sapru and M.R. Jayakar were appointed to investigate the possibility of peace.

52
Q

Whom did Motilal and Jawaharlal Nehru meet in Yerawada Jail in August 1930?

A

Motilal and Jawaharlal Nehru met Gandhi in Yerawada Jail.

53
Q

What were the demands of the Nehrus and Gandhi during the meeting?

A

The demands were the right to secede from Britain, a complete national government with control over defense and finance, and an independent tribunal to settle Britain’s financial claims.

54
Q

When did the First Round Table Conference take place?

A

The First Round Table Conference took place in 1930.

55
Q

Where did the First Round Table Conference take place?

A

The First Round Table Conference was held in London.

56
Q

Who was the King during the First Round Table Conference?

A

King George-V was the reigning monarch during the conference.

57
Q

Who was the Prime Minister during the First Round Table Conference?

A

Ramsay MacDonald served as the Prime Minister during the conference.

58
Q

What was the response of the Indian National Congress (INC) towards the First Round Table Conference?

A

The Indian National Congress boycotted the First Round Table Conference (RTC-I).

59
Q

Why was the First Round Table Conference held?

A

The First Round Table Conference was held because the recommendations of the Simon Commission report were considered inadequate, and it was agreed that a conference should be held to address the issues.

60
Q

When did the First Round Table Conference officially begin?

A

The First Round Table Conference was officially inaugurated on November 12, 1930.

61
Q

Where did the First Round Table Conference take place?

A

The First Round Table Conference took place at the House of Lords in London.

62
Q

Who chaired the First Round Table Conference?

A

The then-British Prime Minister, Ramsay MacDonald, chaired the First Round Table Conference.

63
Q

Who declined to attend the First Round Table Conference?

A

The Indian National Congress and some prominent business leaders declined to attend the First Round Table Conference.

64
Q

Who attended the First Round Table Conference?

A

The Princely States, the Muslim League, the Justice Party, the Hindu Mahasabha, and others attended the First Round Table Conference.

65
Q

What was the outcome of the First Round Table Conference?

A

The conference resulted in little progress, but the British government recognized that the Indian National Congress’s participation was necessary for any discussions on India’s future constitutional government.

66
Q

Who represented the Muslim League in the First Round Table Conference?

A

Aga Khan III, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Muhammad Shafi, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, A.K. Fazlul Huq, Hafiz Ghulam Hussain Hidayat Ullah, Dr. Shafaat Ahmad Khan, Raja Sher Muhammad Khan of Domeli, and A.H. Ghuznavi represented the Muslim League.

67
Q

Who represented the Hindu Mahasabha and its sympathizers in the First Round Table Conference?

A

B.S. Moonje, M.R. Jayakar, and Diwan Bahadur Raja Narendra Nath represented the Hindu Mahasabha and its sympathizers.

68
Q

Who represented the Sikhs in the First Round Table Conference?

A

Sardar Ujjal Singh and Sardar Sampuran Singh represented the Sikhs.

69
Q

Who represented the Parsis in the First Round Table Conference?

A

Phiroze Sethna, Cowasji Jehangir, and Homi Mody represented the Parsis.

70
Q

Who represented the women in the First Round Table Conference?

A

Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz and Radhabai Subbarayan represented women.

71
Q

Who represented the Liberals in the First Round Table Conference?

A

J.N. Basu, Tej Bahadur Sapru, C.Y. Chintamani, V.S. Srinivasa Sastri, and Chimanlal Harilal Setalvad represented the Liberals.

72
Q

Who represented the Depressed Classes in the First Round Table Conference?

A

B.R. Ambedkar and Rettamalai Srinivasan represented the Depressed Classes.

73
Q

Who represented the Justice Party in the First Round Table Conference?

A

Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar, Bhaskarrao Vithojirao Jadhav, and Sir A.P. Patro represented the Justice Party.

74
Q

Who represented the Labour in the First Round Table Conference?

A

N.M. Joshi and B. Shiva Rao represented Labour.

75
Q

Who represented the Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, and Europeans in the First Round Table Conference?

A

K.T. Paul represented Indian Christians, Henry Gidney represented Anglo-Indians, and Sir Hubert Carr, Sir Oscar de Glanville (Burma), T.F. Gavin Jones, and C.E. Wood (Madras) represented the Europeans.

76
Q

Who were some other representatives in the First Round Table Conference?

A

There were representatives from landlords (from Bihar, the United Provinces, and Orissa), universities, Burma, Sindh, and other provinces.

77
Q

What did Dr. B.R. Ambedkar advocate for during the Round Table Conference?

A

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar advocated for separate electorates for “untouchables.”

78
Q

What proposal did Tej Bahadur Sapru make during the Round Table Conference?

A

Tej Bahadur Sapru proposed an All-India Federation.

79
Q

Which political party agreed with Tej Bahadur Sapru’s proposal?

A

The Muslim League agreed with Tej Bahadur Sapru’s proposal.

80
Q

What condition did the princely states have for agreeing to the Round Table Conference reforms?

A

The princely states agreed on the condition that their internal sovereignty be preserved.

81
Q

Were the Round Table Conference reforms implemented?

A

No, the Round Table Conference reforms were agreed upon but were never implemented.

82
Q

What was the outcome of the First Round Table Conference due to the Indian National Congress’ actions?

A

The First Round Table Conference was deemed a failure as leaders of the Indian National Congress carried on the Civil Disobedience Movement during the conference.

83
Q

What was the British Government’s recognition regarding the Congress Party’s participation in Round Table Conferences?

A

The British Government recognized the importance of the Congress Party’s participation in Round Table Conferences for effective reform implementation.

84
Q

What hope did the British Government express for the Second Round Table Conference?

A

The British Government expressed hope for the participation of INC leaders in the Second Round Table Conference.

85
Q

What agreement was reached between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin in March 1931?

A

Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin signed the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, which ended the Civil Disobedience Movement and agreed to participate in the Second Round Table Conference.

86
Q

When was the Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed?

A

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on March 5, 1931.

87
Q

Who were the signatories of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?

A

The signatories of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact were Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin.

88
Q

What was another name for the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?

A

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was also known as the Delhi Pact.

89
Q

When did the meeting between Gandhi and Irwin take place?

A

The meeting between Gandhi and Irwin occurred between February 17, 1931, and March 5, 1931.

90
Q

What were some of the agreements reached in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?

A

The agreements included the immediate release of non-violent political prisoners, remission of fines, return of unsold lands, lenient treatment to resigned government servants, the right to make salt for personal consumption, and the right to peaceful picketing.

91
Q

Which demands made by Gandhi were rejected by Lord Irwin?

A

Lord Irwin rejected the demands for a public inquiry into police excesses and the commutation of Bhagat Singh and his comrades’ death sentence.

92
Q

What did the Congress agree to in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?

A

The Congress agreed to suspend the civil disobedience movement and participate in the next Round Table Conference.

93
Q

When and where was the Karachi Session of 1931 held?

A

The Karachi Session of 1931 was held in March 1931 in Karachi.

94
Q

What was the purpose of the Karachi Session?

A

The Karachi Session was held to endorse the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.

95
Q

What happened six days before the Karachi Session?

A

Six days before the Karachi Session, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru were executed.

96
Q

How did people protest against Gandhi during his route to Karachi?

A

People greeted Gandhi with black flag demonstrations in protest against his failure to secure the commutation of the death sentence for Bhagat Singh and his comrades.

97
Q

How did the Congress view the three martyrs despite disapproving of political violence?

A

The Congress admired the bravery and sacrifice of the three martyrs.

98
Q

What resolutions were endorsed during the Karachi Session?

A

The Karachi Session endorsed the Delhi Pact or Gandhi-Irwin Pact, reiterated the goal of Purna Swaraj, and adopted resolutions on Fundamental Rights and the National Economic Programme.

99
Q

What rights were guaranteed by the resolution on Fundamental Rights?

A

The resolution on Fundamental Rights guaranteed free speech and free press, the right to form associations, the right to assemble, universal adult franchise, equal legal rights irrespective of caste, creed, and sex, neutrality of the state in religious matters, free and compulsory primary education, and protection to the culture, language, and script of minorities and linguistic groups.

100
Q

What provisions were included in the Resolution on National Economic Programme?

A

The provisions included substantial reduction in rent and revenue for landholders and peasants, exemption from rent for uneconomic holdings, relief from agricultural indebtedness, control of usury, better conditions of work including a living wage and limited hours of work for industrial workers, protection of women workers, the right to form unions for workers and peasants, and state ownership and control of key industries, mines, and means of transport.

101
Q

What was the significance of the Karachi Resolution?

A

The Karachi Resolution was significant as it was the first time the Congress outlined what swaraj (self-rule) would mean for the masses, emphasizing the need for economic freedom along with political freedom.

102
Q

How did the socio-economic provisions in the Karachi Resolution influence the Constituent Assembly?

A

The socio-economic provisions in the Karachi Resolution influenced the Constituent Assembly in drawing Part-IV of Directive Principles of State Policy, which laid down principles for the governance of the country.

103
Q

What was the impact of the Karachi Resolution on the National Planning Committee?

A

The influence of the Karachi Resolution can be seen in the formation and recommendations of the National Planning Committee, headed by S.C. Bose in 1938, which focused on economic planning and development.

MODERN HISTORY (39 decks)

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