6.4 - Violence in Sport Flashcards
What is the ‘win ethic’ in relation to violence in sport?
A pressure on performers to win at all costs, which can lead to aggression and violence during contests.
Name a key factor that can increase the emotional intensity leading to violence in sports.
Importance of the event (e.g., local derby or Cup Final).
What incident exemplifies performer violence in rugby?
Ben Flower’s attack on Lance Hohaia during the 2014 Grand Final
What role do match officials play in causing frustration that may lead to performer violence?
Frustration with decisions made by match officials can create a sense of injustice.
List three causes of performer violence in sports.
- Win ethic and high rewards for success
- Importance of the event
- Nature of the sport
What is the definition of ‘violence in sport’?
Physical acts committed to harm others in sports such as American football, rugby, football and ice hockey.
What is a Television Match Official (TMO)?
A referee who reviews plays using TV footage as requested by the on-field referee.
What is hooliganism?
Acts of vandalism and violence in public places committed especially by youths.
Identify one negative implication of football hooliganism for clubs.
Increased costs of security and policing before, during, and after matches.
What measures can be taken to combat football hooliganism?
- Ban on or control of alcohol sales
- Increased use of police intelligence
- Imposing tougher deterrents
How can poor officiating lead to spectator violence in football?
Frustration with match officials heightens tensions between rival fans.
Fill in the blank: A lack of _______ from national governing bodies can lead to increased performer violence.
[deterrents and punishments]
What was one consequence of the Hillsborough Stadium disaster?
Increased scrutiny and changes in crowd control measures.
True or False: Emotional intensity and alcohol consumption are potential causes of football hooliganism.
True
List some strategies to reduce violence in sports.
- Using more officials to help with decisions
- Utilizing video technology for accurate decisions
- Promoting good disciplinary records as role models
What negative effect does hooliganism have on the image of football?
It portrays football as a violent sport, discouraging participation and attendance.
What is one way to promote a positive image of football?
Introducing education campaigns linked to Fair Play.
Identify three possible reasons why a performer becomes violent during a sporting contest.
- Frustration with officiating
- Provocation from opponents
- High emotional stakes of the event
What is the purpose of post-match video evidence in sports?
To punish violent actions by performers missed by officials during the match.
Fill in the blank: The emotional intensity of a sporting event can be heightened by _______.
[media hype]
What can be a result of diminished responsibility in a large crowd?
Organized violence as part of a gang and peer pressure to get involved in violence.
List strategies that national governing bodies could use to encourage higher standards of individual performer behaviour.
- Establish clear codes of conduct
- Implement educational programs
- Enforce disciplinary actions for violations
- Promote positive role models
What are possible solutions to violent behaviour among spectators in high-level sports such as football?
- Increased security measures
- Strict enforcement of laws
- Fan engagement initiatives
- Education programs on sportsmanship
True or False: Hooliganism has been completely eliminated since the 1970s and 1980s.
False
How can football clubs, the community, and players work together to minimize spectator violence?
- Collaborate on community outreach programs
- Promote peaceful rivalry among fans
- Increase awareness of consequences of violence
- Foster a culture of respect within the sport
