2.1 Skill characteristics and their impact on transfer and practise Flashcards
Skill
The learned ability to bring about predetermined results with the minimum outlay of time, energy or both. They are aesthetically pleasing, consistent and efficient
Open Skill
A skill performed in an unpredictable environment
Closed skill
A skill performed in a predictable environment
Gross Skill
A skill that uses large muscle groups
Fine Skill
A skill that uses smaller muscle groups
Self paced skill
When the performer controls the start and speed of the skill
Externally paced skill
When the performer has no control over the start and speed of the skill
Discrete skill
A skill that has a clear beginning and end
Continuous skill
A skill that has no clear beginning and end
Serial Skill
A skill that contains several discrete skills in order to make a more integrated movement
Low Organised Skill
A skill that is easily broken into parts
High Organised Skill
A skill that is not easily broken into parts
Simple Skill
A skill that requires few decisions when being performed
Complex Skill
A skill that requires decision making using lots of information when performed
Transfer
The effect of the learning and performance of one skill on the learning and performance of another
Positive Transfer
When the learning of one skill helps the learning of another
Negative Transfer
When the learning of one skill hinders the learning of another
Zero Transfer
When the learning of one skill has no impact on the learning of another
Bilateral Transfer
When the learning of one skill is passed across the body from limb to limb
Whole Practise
Practising the skill in its entirety
Whole-part-whole Practise
Assessing the skill, identifying a weakness to practise, then putting the skill back together
Progressive part practise
Practising the first part of the skill then adding parts gradually
Advantages and disadvantages of whole practise
Fluency (feel of the skill)
Develops understanding
Too much information
Not for begginers
Advantages and disadvantages of whole-part-whole practise
Shows weakness
Corrects it
Time Consuming
Some skills can’t be broken down
Advantages and disadvantages of progressive part practise
Focuses on weaknesses
Keeps links between parts
Time consuming
Danger of negative transfer
Massed Practise
No rest intervals
Distributed Practise
Rest intervals
Mental Practise
Going over the skill in the mind without movement
Varied practise
Changing the practise type and the practise skills
Advantages and disadvantages of massed practise
Good for habitual responses
Efficient
Fatigue
Demanding
Advantages and disadvantages of distributed practise
Allows recovery
Allows for feedback
Time consuming
Negative transfer
Advantages and disadvantages of varied practise
Gives motivation
Allows adaption
Fatigue
Demanding
Advantages and disadvantages of mental practise
Builds confidence
Controls anxiety
Must be correct
Environment must be calm
