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A Level PE AQA > 2.2 Principles and theories of learning and performance > Flashcards

2.2 Principles and theories of learning and performance Flashcards

1
Q

Learning

A

A permanent change in behaviour as a result of practise

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2
Q

Cognitive stage of learning

Plus 2 characteristics

A

The first stage of learning used by a novice, Understanding and sub- routines are explored by trial and error

No motor programme and uncoordinated movement

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3
Q

Associative stage of learning

Plus 2 characteristics

A

The second stage of learning as motor programmes are developed and performance is smoother

Motor programme forming and smoother movement

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4
Q

Autonomous stage of learning

Plus 2 characteristics

A

The final stage of learning used by an expert when movement is detailed and specific

Motor programme formed and has automatic control

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5
Q

Feedback

A

Information to aid error correction

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6
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Encouragement

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7
Q

Negative Feedback

A

Error correction

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8
Q

Extrinsic Feedback

A

From an outside source

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9
Q

Intrinsic Feedback

A

From within

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10
Q

Knowledge of Results

A

Concerns the outcome

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11
Q

Knowledge of Performance

A

About technique

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12
Q

Plateau

A

A period of no improvement in performance

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13
Q

Explain the Learning Plateau graph

A

Stage 1 is where the rate of learning is slow and performance is poor (cognitive stage)

Stage 2 involves rapid acceleration of learning and begin to master the task (inbetween associate and autonomous)

Stage 3 involves hitting a plateau so there is no improvement (autonomous)

Stage 4 is where performance deteriorates (associative)

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14
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

The use of reinforcement to ensure that correct responses are repeated

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15
Q

Positive Reinforcement

A

A pleasant stimulus after the correct response (eg a trophy)

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16
Q

Negative Reinforcement

A

Taking away an unpleasant stimulus after the correct response (eg the coach stops shouting)

17
Q

Punishment

A

An unpleasant stimulus to prevent incorrect actions from recurring (eg a red card)

18
Q

Insight Learning

A

Using experience and understanding to solve problems relating to the whole skill

19
Q

Advantage and disadvantage to Insightful Learning

A

Allows the performer to learn new skills through experiencing the whole task
Performer is more creative and develop their own strategies

Time consuming (coach can just show them immediately)

20
Q

Observational Learning

A

Behaviour can be learned by watching and then copying other people

21
Q

ARMM

4 processes of Observational Learning

A

Attention - Making the demonstration attractive to the performer (more attractive ,more focus and more likely to copy)

Retention - Remembering the demonstration and being able to recall it (then give a chance to practise)

Motor Production - Having the mental and physical ability to do the task (task at same ability of performer to allow success)

Motivation - Having the drive to do the task

22
Q

Social Development Theory

A

Learning by association with others

23
Q

Inter-psychological learning

Social Development Theory

A

Learning from others externally

24
Q

Intra-psychological learning

Social Development Theory

A

Learning from within gaining external knowledge from others

25
Q

Constructivism

Social Development Theory

A

Building up in stages, based on current level of performance

26
Q

Zone of proximal development

Social Development Theory

A

The next stage of learning based on the current level of performance

27
Q

Match the theories of learning with the Scientists

A

Observational Learning - Bandura

Operant Conditioning - Skinner

Insight Learning - Gestalts

Social Development theory - Vygotsky

28
Q

Visual Guidance

Definition and Pros and Cons

A

Guidance that can be seen, a demonstration

Good for all abilities
Demonstrates whats required to do it well

Demonstration has to be perfect
Some skills are too complex

29
Q

Verbal Guidance

Definition and Pros and Cons

A

An explanation

Highlights key teaching points
Makes the performer think

Information overload
Boring

30
Q

Manual Guidance

Definition and Pros and Cons

A

Physical Support

Good for beginners
Develops correct feel

Performer not actually doing it themselves
Movements are different when someone is moving your body

31
Q

Mechanical Guidance

Definition and Pros and Cons

A

An artificial aid

Good for dangerous situations
Allows them to gain feel

Expensive
Performer can rely on it too much

A Level PE AQA (39 decks)

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