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A Level PE AQA > 2 Information Processing > Flashcards

2 Information Processing Flashcards

1
Q

Information Processing

A

The methods by which data from the environment are collected and utilised

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2
Q

Input stage

A

Information picked up by the senses

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3
Q

Display

A

The sporting environment (ie oppo, crowd, officials)

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4
Q

Receptor Systems

A

The senses that pick up information from the display

Sight, auditory sense, touch, balance and kinaesthesis

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5
Q

Proprioceptors

A

The senses that provide internal information from within the body

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6
Q

Kinaesthesis

A

The inner sense that gives information about body position and muscular tension

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7
Q

Selective attention

A

Filtering relevant information from irrelevant information

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8
Q

Stimuli

A

The important and relevant items of information from the display

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9
Q

Benefits of selective attention

A

Selective attention can improve reaction time significantly

Focusing on the relevant information improves the chance of making a correct decision

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10
Q

Perception

A

The process of coding and interpreting sensory information

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11
Q

Translatory Mechanisms

A

Adapting and comparing coded information to memory so that decisions can be made

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12
Q

Effector Mechanism

A

The network of nerves that sends coded impulses to the muscles

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13
Q

Working memory

A

So named since it performs a number of functions

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14
Q

Central Executive

A

The control centre of the working memory, it uses three other ‘systems’ to control all the information moving in and out of the memory system

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15
Q

Phonological loop

A

Deals with auditory information from the senses and helps produce the memory trace

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16
Q

Visuospatial sketchpad

A

Used to temporarily store visual and spatial information

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17
Q

Episodic buffer

A

Co-ordinates the sight, hearing and movement information from the working memory into sequences to be sent to the LTM

18
Q

3 Aspects of memory

A

Short term sensory store
Short term memory
Long term memory

19
Q

Short term sensory store

A

Stores information for one second and is forgotten if its not considered important

20
Q

Short Term Memory

A

Lasts 20-30 seconds and stores 5-9 items

21
Q

Long Term Memory

A

Receives information from the working memory and has an unlimited capacity for the storage of motor programmes

22
Q

Schema Theory

A

Suggests that motor programmes can be clustered and are changeable to respond to the situation

We store generalised series of movement patterns and adapt them to the current environment

23
Q

Schema

A

Set of rules to help us make decisions about movement patterns

24
Q

Schemas are initiated and evaluated by 2 processes which are?

A

Recall Schema and Recognition Schema

25
Q

Recall Schema

A

Initiates movement, comes before the action

26
Q

Recognition Schema

A

Controls movement, happens during the action

27
Q

4 Parameters of Schema

A

Initial Conditions
Response Specifications
Sensory Consequences
Response Outcome

28
Q

Initial Conditions

A

Info from the environment

29
Q

Response Specifications

A

Information about what to do

30
Q

Sensory Consequences

A

Information about the feel of the movement

31
Q

Response Outcome

A

Feedback about the result

32
Q

Reaction Time

A

The time taken from the onset of a stimulus to the onset of a response

33
Q

Movement Time

A

The time taken to complete the task

34
Q

Response Time

A

The time taken from the onset of a stimulus to the completion of a task.

Response time = Reaction time + Movement time

35
Q

Hicks Law

A

Reaction time increases as the number of choices increases

36
Q

Single channel Hypothesis

A

One stimulus can be processed at a time and a second stimulus must wait until the fist one is processed.

37
Q

Psychological Refraction Period

A

A delay when a second stimulus is presented before the first has been presented

38
Q

Anticipation

A

Pre-judging a stimulus

39
Q

Temporal Anticipation

A

When its going to happen

40
Q

Spatial Anticipation

A

Where and what is going to happen

41
Q

Whitings model

A

Input data from display -> receptor->( perceptual mechanism (selective attention and the DCR), translatory mechanism (compare the info to past experiences), select correct response), effector mechanism (send coded response to the muscles) ) -> muscular system (contractions) -> output (response haooens)-> feedback data (compre what happened to what you wanted to happen and learn from it)

A Level PE AQA (39 decks)

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