57. Pathology of parathyroid glands

Question 1

57. Pathology of parathyroid glands

etiology of primary hyperparathyroidism (3)

Answer 1

parathyroid adenoma
parathyroid hyperplasia
parathyroid carcinoma

Question 2

57. Pathology of parathyroid glands

complications of primary hyperparathyroidism (6)

Answer 2

nephrolithiasis
nephrocalcinosis
CNS disturbance
constipation
peptic ulcer
acute pancreatitis

Question 3

57. Pathology of parathyroid glands

laboratory findings of primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 3

increased PTH
increased serum Ca2+
decreased serum phosphate
increased serum alkaline phosphate

Question 4

57. Pathology of parathyroid glands

etiology of secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 4

renal failure

Question 5

57. Pathology of parathyroid glands

pathomechanism of renal failure lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 5

decreased phosphate excretion
increased serum phosphate
decreased serum Ca2+
increased PTH secretion to increases serum Ca2+

Question 6

57. Pathology of parathyroid glands

laboratory findings of secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 6

increased PTH
increased serum phosphate
decreased serum Ca2+
inreased serum alkaline phosphate

Question 7

57. Pathology of parathyroid glands

etiology of hypoparathyroidism

Answer 7

autoimmune damage
surgical excision
DiGeorge syndrome

Question 8

57. Pathology of parathyroid glands

symptoms of hypoparathyroidism

Answer 8

related to low serum Ca2+ level

• numbness, tingling
• muscle spasm

Question 9

57. Pathology of parathyroid glands

laboratory findings of hypoparathyroidism

Answer 9

decreased PTH

decreased serum Ca2+