3.2.2.1 Spectrum of Disease for M. tuberculosis

Question 1

MOT?

Answer 1

Inhalation of aerosol

Question 2

Once TB enters the body, where does it go first?

Answer 2

Alveoli

Question 3

What happens in alveoli that contains TB?

Answer 3

Crates granuloma formation (Scarring)

Question 4

How granuloma forms?

Answer 4

1. Macrophage eats TB
2. TB replicates in the Macrophage
3. Cell lysis
4. Activates macrophage and T cells (Presence of Interleukins and lymphokines to enhance the activation of macrophage)
5. This then wall off the TB and cell debris
6. Granuloma

Question 5

90-95% of individual may get?

Answer 5

Granuloma formation

Question 6

5-10% of individuals may progress to?

Answer 6

Cavitary TB

Question 7

What happens in Cavitary TB?

Answer 7

The cavities opens in to the bronchi to spread M. tuberculosis through coughing

Question 8

NOTE: PRimary infections may sometimes healed but some may lead to reactivation

Question 9

Who are the individuals that are prone to reactivation?

Answer 9

Immunocompromised patients
Patients undergoing chemotherapy
Smoking (Predisposing factor)

Question 10

Granulomatous lesions formed from accumulation of macrophage, lymphocytes, etc.

Answer 10

Granuloma or tubercles

Question 11

Formation of “Cheese like masses” from break down of tubercles and damaged tissue (Necrosis)

Severe type

Answer 11

Casaetion

Question 12

Low antigen but high hypersensitivity

Answer 12

Granuloma or tubercle

Question 13

Both high in antigen and hypersensitivity?

Answer 13

Casaetion

Question 14

What happens if the cell immunity is suppressed?

Answer 14

Reactivation

Question 15

Example of individual who have suppressed cell immunity?

Answer 15

Immunocompromised patients
Malnutrition
Advanced aging
Patients with diabetes

Question 16

What are the symptoms of suppressed cell imunity?

Answer 16

Low grade fever
Night Sweats
Chills
Fatigue
Anorexia
Weight loss
Cough
Chest pain
Hemoptysis

Question 17

Causative agent of tuberculosis?

Answer 17

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 18

What do you call TB in the lung?

Answer 18

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Question 19

Term for extrapulmonary/disseminated TB?

Answer 19

Miliary TB

Question 20

Example of Miliary TB?

Answer 20

Kidney, GUT
Lymph nodes
CNS (Bacterial, Fungal TB meningitis)
Arthritis (Bone TB)
Body cavities
Larynx
Bone (Pott Disease)

Question 21

What are the Central nervous system term that causes TB?

Answer 21

Bacterial TB meningitis
Fungal TB meningitis

Question 22

Symptoms of Bacterial TB meningitis?

Answer 22

Severe headache

Question 23

Difference of treatment of pulmonary TB and Bacterial TB meningitis?

Answer 23

6 months = Pulmonary TB
1 year / 12 months = Bacterial TB meningitis

Question 24

Can get infected through exposure from manure/poop of kalapati

Answer 24

Fungal TB meningitis

Question 25

Other term for arthritis on Miliary TB?

Answer 25

Bone TB

Question 26

Disease that has skeletal TB of the spine?

Answer 26

Pott disease