1.2.1 Nocardia

Question 1

What is the gaseous composition of Nocardia?

Answer 1

Obligate aerobe

Question 2

What catalase positive or negative is Nocardia?

Answer 2

Positive

Question 3

What is the gram stain of Nocardia and it’s appearance?

Answer 3

Gram-positive filamentous rods

Question 4

Is it weakly acid fast?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Nocardia’s peptidoglycan contains?

Answer 5

m-DAP (meso-diaminopimelic acid)
Arabinose
Galactose

(MAGazine)

Question 6

What individual does Nocardia usually infects?

Answer 6

Immunocompromised patients

Question 7

What are the 2 types of Filamentous forms of Nocardia?

Answer 7

Substrate hyphae
Aerial hyphae

Question 8

A filamentous forms or formed branches filaments of hyphae that extend along the agar surface or into the agar

Answer 8

Substrate hyphae

Question 9

Produced or formed branched filaments or hyphae that extend into the air

Answer 9

aerial hyphae

Question 10

What is the life cycle of Nocardia?

Answer 10

1. Germination
2. Substrate hyphae
3. Aerial hyphae
4. Coiling
5. Septation
6. Spore mutation
7. Spore release
8. Free spore

Question 11

What are the Most commonly encountered Nocardia species?

Answer 11

asteroides
brasiliensis
farcinica
nova

Question 12

What are the human pathogens of Nocardia spp.?

Answer 12

asteroides
brasiliensis

Question 13

Less commonly encountered Nocardia are?

Answer 13

otitidiscaviarum
pseudobrasiliensis
abscessus
africana
transvalensis

Question 14

What are the virulence factor for Nocardia?

Answer 14

Superoxide dismutase and catalase
Nocobactin

Question 15

A virulence factor of nocardia that provides resistance t oxidative killing by phagocytosis

Answer 15

Superoxide dismutase and catalase

Question 16

What is Nocobactin?

Answer 16

Iron chelating compound (Iron Competing)

(Responsible for more severe type of infection)

Question 17

What is the clinical infection of Nocardia?

Answer 17

Nocardiosis

Question 18

What do you call a pulmonary infection for nocardia?

Answer 18

Confluent Bronchopneumonia

Question 19

Causative agent of Confluent Bronchopneumonia

Answer 19

Nocardia asteroides

Question 20

A type of pneumonia that causes granuloma, scar, and encapsulation of abscess

Answer 20

Confluent pneumonia

Question 21

A severe type of pneumonia that causes damage in the tissues

Answer 21

Confluent bronchopneumonia

Question 22

What is the difference of treatment for tuberculosis and confluent bronchopneumonia?

Answer 22

TB: 6 months
Confluent bronchopneumonia: within a year

Question 23

What is the cutaneous infection for nocardia that causes major destruction of the tissue and bone or trauma of the skin

Answer 23

Actinomycotic mycetomas

Question 24

Characterized by swelling, draining sinuses and granules

Answer 24

Mycetomas

Question 25

Actinomycotic mycetomas pus characterized as?

Answer 25

pigmented and contains sulfur granules

Question 26

Causative agent of Actinomycotic mycetomas?

Answer 26

Nocardia brasiliensis

Question 27

Specimen for Actinomycotic mycetomas?

Answer 27

Scrape or Abscess aspirate (Pus)

Question 28

What is the indicator for actinomycotic mycetomas?

Answer 28

Sulfur granules

Question 29

What is the specimen for Confluent bronchopneumonia?

Answer 29

Sputum

Question 30

In microscopic characteristics, is nocardia considered gram variable?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

What are the factors of branching filamentous formation of actinomycetes?

Answer 31

Incubation period Temperature time

Question 32

Why incubation period is a factor for branching filamentous formation?

Answer 32

The longer the incubation, the higher the tendency of creating filamentous type of colony

Question 33

Why temperature time is a factor for branching filamentous formation?

Answer 33

if supported with temp = longer and creates different forms of filaments

Question 34

How many sulfuric acid contain in an partially acid fast bacilli?

Answer 34

0.5-1% Sulfuric acid

Question 35

Acid alcohol is made up of?

Answer 35

Hydrochloric acid

Question 36

What is the replacement of HCl decolorizing agent

Answer 36

0.5 - 1% sulfuric acid

Question 37

Is Nocardia Beta hemolytic?

Answer 37

Yes

Question 38

What is the Characteristics of Nocardia colony?

Answer 38

Chalky Matte Velvety / Dry Crumbly

Question 39

What is the temp of incubation for Nocardia and how many days?

Answer 39

22 or 37 for 3 - 6 days

Question 40

What is he reason for difference in temp for Nocardia?

Answer 40

Mold or yeast form

Question 41

What are the agars for Nocardia?

Answer 41

Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar Thayer-Martin agar Sabouraud's agar Mycosel agar

Question 42

A media for fungal or fungi yeast or fungal morphology?

Answer 42

Sabouraud's and Mycosel

Question 43

Function of Thayer Martin agar for Nocardia?

Answer 43

Enhances growth (Sputum is supported in TMA)