3.2 PD

Question 1

Cardinal Symptoms

Answer 1

90% involves the extremities, core and trunk muscles, and even facial muscles.

Resting tremor - occurs in a limb that is not voluntarily activated.
Tremor improves with purposeful function.

Cogwheel Rigidity - resistance that will stop and start through ROM
Lead Pipe - resistance through entire ROM

Question 2

Hypomimia & Micrographia

Answer 2

Hypomimia - lack of facial expressions

Micrographia - progressively smaller handwriting.

Question 3

Gait & Postural Instability

Answer 3

Festination - smaller steps + rapid steps due to altered center of gravity.

Bradykinesia and rigidity- cause loss of appropriate reflexes and righting reactions

Anterior falls during gait as opposed to posterior

Question 4

Tremor dominant

Answer 4

More unilateral symptoms, primarily with a resting tremor and action tremors.
Slower progression of disease but have poor response to dopamine treatment.

Question 5

H & Y Stages 1

Answer 5

minimal - unilateral if present

Question 6

H & Y Stage 2

Answer 6

Minimal - bilateral / midline

Question 7

H & Y stage 3

Answer 7

Unsteadiness - mild to moderate.
Can live independently and work

Question 8

H & Y stage 4

Answer 8

Severe - standing and walking with assistance

Question 9

H & Y stage 5

Answer 9

Confined to bed / wheel chair