第22章--利尿药和脱水药 Flashcards

1
Q

关于呋塞米的论述,错误的是:

A

排钠效价比氢氯噻嗪高

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2
Q

关于呋塞米不良反应的论述错误的是:

A

高血钙

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3
Q

关于呋塞米的药理作用特点中,叙述错误的是:

A

肾小球滤过率降低时无利尿作用

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4
Q

伴有糖尿病的水肿病人,不宜选用哪一种利尿药

A

氢氯噻嗪

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5
Q

关于利尿药的作用部位,叙述错误的是:

A

呋塞米作用于髓袢升支粗段的髓质部和远曲小管近端

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6
Q

不属于呋塞米适应症的是

A

低血钙症

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7
Q

噻嗪类利尿药作用的描述,错误的是

A

使尿酸盐排除增加

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8
Q

主要作用在肾髓袢升支粗段的髓质部和皮质部的利尿药是

A

呋塞米

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9
Q

噻嗪类利尿药的作用部位是

A

髓袢升支粗段皮质部及远曲小管近段

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10
Q

不宜与卡那霉素合用的利尿药是:

A

呋塞米

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11
Q

与呋塞米合用,使其耳毒性增强的抗生素是:

A

氨基糖苷类

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12
Q

可引起低血钾和损害听力的药物是:

A

呋塞米

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13
Q

竞争性拮抗醛固酮的利尿药是:

A

螺内酯

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14
Q

长期应用可能升高血钾的利尿药是:

A

氨苯蝶啶

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15
Q

呋塞米的利尿机制是:

A

抑制髓袢升支粗段皮质部和髓质部Na+ 、Cl—的重吸收

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16
Q

螺内酯的利尿机制是

A

竞争性对抗醛固酮的作用

17
Q

氢氯噻嗪的利尿机制是:

A

抑制髓袢升支粗段皮质部Na+ 、Cl—的重吸收

18
Q

急性肾功能衰竭少尿时,宜选用:

A

. 呋塞米

19
Q

作为基础降压药宜选用:

A

氢氯噻嗪

20
Q

作为不受醛固酮影响的留钾利尿药是:

A

氨苯蝶啶

21
Q

对抗醛固酮作用的药物是:

A

螺内酯

22
Q

抑制碳酸酐酶活性最强的药物是:

A

乙酰唑胺

23
Q

治疗青光眼可选用的药是:

A

乙酰唑胺

24
Q

呋塞米可能引起:

A

B. 血栓形成

C. 碱血症

25
Q

氢氯噻嗪对尿中离子的影响是:

A

A .排K+ 增加
B. 排Na+ 增多
C. 排Cl— 增加
D. 排HCO3— 增加

26
Q

氢氯噻嗪的不良反应是:

A

A. 水和电解质紊乱

B. 高尿酸血症

27
Q

渗透性利尿药作用特点是:

A

A. 能从肾小球自由滤过
B. 为一种非电解质
C. 很少被肾小管重吸收
E. 不易透过血管

28
Q

甘露醇的药理作用包括:

A
A. 稀释血液,增加血容量
B. 增加肾小球滤过率
C. 降低髓袢升支对NaCl的重吸收
D. 增加肾髓质的血流量
E. 降低肾髓质高渗区的渗透压
29
Q

可与链霉素合用而不增加耳毒性的利尿药是

A

A. 氨苯蝶啶
B. 螺内酯
D. 氢氯噻嗪
E .环戊噻嗪

30
Q

静注甘露醇的药理作用是

A

B. 脱水作用

C. 利尿作用