2. pataloji 5-8 Flashcards
“What are the four major functional classes that cancer genes can be categorized into?”
Proto-oncogenes,
Tumor suppressor genes,
Genes that regulate apoptosis,
Genes that regulate interactions between tumor cells and host cells
What are the two groups of tumor suppressor genes?”
Governors” brakes on cellular proliferation.
E.g: (RB)
Guardians” responsible for sensing genomic
damage (P53)
Which gene is responsible for Retinoblastoma
RB
Which gene is responsible for Li-fraumeni syndrome
P53
Which gene is responsible for melanoma
CDKN2A
Which gene is responsible for Neurofibrobramatosis 1 and 2
NF1 and NF2
Which gene is responsible for FAP
APC
Which gene is responsible for Breast and ovarian tumors
BRCA1 BRCA2
Which gene is responsible for multibple endocrine neoplasia 1 and 2
MAN1 and RET
Which gene is responsible for for Bloom syndrom
blm
“How do driver mutations affect the development or progression of cancer?
alter the function of cancer genes
and thereby directly contribute to the development
or progression of a given cancer
“What is the typical example of point mutations in proto-oncogenes in terms of their function?”
A cardinal example is the RAS gene
“Which gene is most commonly affected by point mutations?”
TP53
What type of chromosomal translocation occurs in Burkitt lymphoma, and between which chromosomes does it occur?”
translocation, between chromosomes 8 and 14
Leads to overexpression of the MYC gene on chromosome 14
In follicular B cell lymphomas which Genes?
overexpression of the antiapoptotic gene
BCL2, on chromosome 18
Which chromosome is responsible for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
***Philadelphia (Ph)
translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22
BCR gene on chromosome 22 and the ABL gene on chromosome 9.
BCR-ABL fusion gene encodes?
tyrosine kinase with potent transforming activity
What genetic event is associated with retinoblastoma involving deletions at the 13q14 site, and which specific gene is affected by these deletions?”
RB Deletiation
What is the significance of the deletion of 17p in cancer genetics?
Deletion of 17p is associated with the loss of TP53, which is the most important tumor suppressor gene.
Which gene is clinically significant in neuroblastoma when amplified?
The NMYC gene is clinically significant in neuroblastoma when amplified.
Which gene is clinically significant in breast cancers when overexpressed/amplified?
HER2
What is the definition of aneuploidy in genetics?
fazla kromozom
.
.
What is CDKN2A, and what are its two encoded tumor suppressors?
p14/ARF colon and gastric cancers.
p16/INK4a is silenced in a wide variety of cancers.
Both p14/ARF and p16/INK4a affect the p53 and Rb pathways.