11.2 Movement Flashcards
The ability to move is controlled by which body systems?
Skeletal, muscular and nervous system
What is the skeletal system?
Consists of bones that act as levers and provide a structure for the muscles to pull
What is the muscular system?
Muscles deliver the force required to move one bone in relation to another
What is the nervous system?
Delivers signals to the muscles which cause them to contract and create movement
What are skeletons?
A rigid framework that provide support and protection for organs
What are the two types of skeleton?
Internal and external
What is an internal skeleton called?
Endoskeleton
What is an external skeleton called?
Exoskeleton
What is the difference between endo and exoskeletons?
Endoskeletons consist of numerous bones whereas exoskeletons are comprised of connected segments
How do skeletons facilitate the movement of an organism?
They provide a surface for muscle attachment
How are bones connected to other bones?
By ligaments
What do bones and exoskeleton move in response to?
Muscular contraction
How are bones connected to muscles?
Tendons
What are synovial joints?
Capsules that surround the articulating surfaces of two bones
What do joints function to do?
Maintain structural stability by allowing certain movements but not others
What are the three components of synovial joints?
Joint capsule
Cartilage
Synovial fluid
What does the joint capsule do?
Seals the joint space and provides stability by restricting the range of possible movements
What does cartilage do?
Lines the bone surface to facilitate smoother movement and absorbs shock and distributes load
What does synovial fluid do?
Provides oxygen and nutrients to the cartilage as well as lubrication to reduce friction
What are the six main types of synovial joints?
Plane joints
Hinge joints
Pivot joints
Condyloid joints
Saddle joints
Ball and socket joints
What is an example of a hinge joint?
Elbow joint
Where is the elbow joint located?
Between the humerus and radius/ulna
What type of movement is the elbow capable of?
Angular movement in one direction
What are the bones in the elbow joint?
Humerus
Radius
Ulna