Zoonoses Intro Class Flashcards
What is a Reservoir?
long-term host of a pathogen, e.g. mouse & hantavirus
What is a Vector?
organism (often invertebrate arthropod), that transmits a pathogen from reservoir to host, e.g. mosquito & JEV
What is Zooanthroponoses?
mainly affect people, can be transmitted to animals, which then act as temporary reservoirs of infection
eg. Mycobacterium tuberculosis in dogs, infectious hepatitis in apes, H1N1 pandemic influenza in pigs
What percentage of human pathogens are zoonotic?
60% are zoonotic
Whys is the main resean zoonosis is hard to control?
Occur in numerous animal species Very diverse Severity Transmission dynamics Difficult to predict changes in incidence
Of the new emerging diseases how many are zoonotic?
75%
What is Anthropozoonoses?
main reservoir of infection is non-human vertebrate animals
e.g. bovine tuberculosis, rabies, leptospirosis
What is a fomite?
an inanimate object that can transmit an infectious agent,
e.g. medical equipment & Ebola virus
What is zoonosis?
Diseases & infections which are naturally transmitted b/w vertebrate animals & humans (WHO 1959)
What zoonoese affect Dogs and Cats?
Rabies
Roundworm
Ringworm
Cat Scratch Disease
What zoonoses can affect Food animals?
Bovine TB Salmonella E. coli Brucellosis Listeria
What zoonoses are there with birds?
Psittacosis
West Nile virus
Eastern Equine Encephalitis
Avian Influenza
What zoonoses is there with reptiles, fish, and Amphibian?
Salmonella
Mycobacterium
What zoonoses can you get from wild animals?
Hantavirus Plague Tularemia Leptospirosis Lyme Disease
How is zoonoses classified?
Type of infectious agent
(bacteria, fungus, virus, parasite)
Mode of transmission
Type of reservoir host
Sometimes the Year
What are the types of zoonese are there?
Direct and indirect
Cyclozoonosis
Metazoonosis
ORTHOZOONOSES
What organisms are not part of Cyclozoonosis?
No invertebrates
What Transmission Routes are there?
Aerosol Vector Oral Direct/Indirect Fomite
What factors risk an infection?
Companion animal Occupation Foodbourne Recreational activities Agriculture World Travel
How does zoonoses affect the economy?
Prevention
Treatment
Control
Off Work due to illness/DALYS
Lockdown costs
No more export meat if infected
How does globalisation affect zoonoses?
decreased transit times
Remote areas now easily accesable
What is horizon scanning?
checking for deaths of animals in a community
What issues are there with prevention and control of the disease?
Animal = key component Complications (e.g. Lyme disease) Unknown reservoirs (e.g. Ebola)
What are ways that countries warn visitors about zoonotic breakouts?
signs in the area to avoid those animals
What are different global issues affecting zoonoses?
Climate change Overpopulation Vector resistance to drugs Antibiotic resistance Intensive Farming
