Ebola Flashcards
- What order does Ebola belong to?
a. Mononegavirales
- What family is the Ebola virus in?
a. Filoviridae
- Ebola is enveloped/unenveloped?
a. Enveloped
- What genetic material does Ebola contain?
a. negative-stranded RNA virus
- How many structural and regulatory genes does it contain?
a. 7
- What latin word do ebola get their name from?
a. Thread
- What other virus are in the same family as ebola?
a. Marburg virus (1967)
b. Ebola virus (1976)
c. Cueva virus (2002)
- When was Ebola first discovered? In what countries?
a. 1967
b. Ziare and sudan
- Ebola is ______nm in diameter around _____nm in length
a. 80nm
b. 970nm
- The surface of the Ebola virus is covered in _________ and ____nm spikes which project from the lipid bilayer
a. Viraly encoded glycoproteins
b. 7-10nm
- The 7-10nm spikes are important for?
a. Attacing to the host cell and enteringthe host cell
- What size is the Ebola genome? Which incoded for ho many proteins? And what are the proteins?
a. 18-19kb
b. 7 proteins
i. Glycoprotein
ii. Nucleoprotein
iii. Transcription factor VP 30
iv. Polymerase
v. Polymerase co-facter VP 35
vi. VP 24
vii. Matrix VP-40
- How many species of Ebola are there? And what are they called? How many can infect man?
a. • Cote d’Ivorie ebola virus (Tai Forest): Man
b. • Sudan ebola virus: Man
c. • Zaire ebola virus: MAn
d. • Bundibugyo ebola virus: MAn
e. • Reston ebola virus: non-human primates: crab eating macaques
f. • Bombali ebola virus: 2018: bats Anotolian free tailed bat and little free tailed bat
g. Four
- What Ebola only affects non-human primates? Which specific primate?
a. Reston ebola virus: non-human primates: crab eating macaques
- Which Ebola was isolated in 20 18? And what animals does it effect?
a. Bombali ebola virus: 2018: bats Anotolian free tailed bat and little free tailed bat
- Which form of Ebola vius is the most virulent?
a. • Zaire ebola virus: Man
- What is the second most virulent Ebola in man?
a. Sudan ebola virus: Man
- What is the third most virulent ebola in man?
a. Bundibugyo ebola virus: Man
- What form of Ebola which can infect humans, has no humans died from?
a. Cote d’Ivorie ebola virus (Tai Forest): Man
- What cells do Ebola typically replicate in when they have entered the bod?
a. monocytes/macrophages & dendritic cells
- What is micropinocytosis.
a. macropinocytosis is (cytology) a form of endocytosis in which a large fluid-filled vesicle, or macropinosome, is pinched off from the cell membrane and brought into the interior of the cell.
- What part of the cell membrane is pinched off when Ebola enters?
a. The ruffled section
- Once the Ebola virus is in the cell within the vesicle the glycoproteins are clipped off by what protein?
a. CTSB Cathepsin B
- When the CTSB cleaves the glycoproteins, exposes the ________ binding domain of the glucoprotein
a. putative receptors
- The vesicle containing the viruses then fused with the ______ which is carrying the structure ______
a. Endosome
b. NPC1
- What is the NPC1 stand for? And what is it?
a. Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C1
b. Cholesterol transporter
- What complex mediates the binding of the NPC1 and the viral containing vacuole?
a. HOPS complex
- What is the HOPS complex?
a. Homotypic vacuole fusion sorting complex
- What has to take place inorder for the Ebola virus to be released into the cytoplasm?
a. The HOPS needs to bind the Endosome containing the NPCI and the vacuole holding the virus
- Once the virus is released into the cytoplasm what takes place?
a. Secondary infection of neighbouring cells
- Once the cells begin to get infected what does the immune response do?
a. Cytokine storm
b. Release of inflammatory mediators
- What mechanisms does the body use to try and fight the Ebola virus?
a. Tetherin: BS-2 or CD317
- What is tetherin? What causes it to be released? were does it localise the virus?
a. A human cellular protein which inhibits retroviruses infection by preventing the diffusion of virus particles after budding from infected cells
b. High levels of interferon
c. Membrane of the infected cell
- What protein can Ebola disable? And which what protein signals the disabling?
a. Tetherin
b. Glucoprotein
- _______: Marburg virus: European laboratory workers ______ number of cases and _____ deaths. _______ were imported from Uganda. Lab workers were working with the blood.
a. 1967
b. 31
c. 7
d. Green
- ______: Ebola virus; Ebola Zaire; Ebola Sudan/ This was why there are two subtypes
a. 1976
- ____ and ______: Ebola Reston USA and Italy Imported _____from Philippines, from a breeding centre
a. 1989
b. 1992
c. Macaques
- ______: Ebola Côte d’Ivoire: Chimpanzee
a. 1995
- ______: Ebola Reston – ________ in Philippines
a. 2008
b. Pigs
- OutBreaks:
a. 1976 CRC: ______ case ______ Death ______ Strain ______& Case Fatality
b. 1976 Sudan: ______ case ______ Death ______ Strain______& Case Fatality
c. 1995: DRC: ______ case ______ Death ______ Strain______& Case Fatality
d. 2000: Uganda: ______ case ______ Death______ Strain______& Case Fatality
e. 2003: Congo: ______ case ______ Death______ Strain______& Case Fatality
f. 2007 DRC: ______ case ______ Death______ Strain______& Case Fatality
g. 2007 Uganda: ______ case ______ Death______ Strain______& Case Fatality
h. 2012 DRC: ______ case ______ Death______ Strain______& Case Fatality
i. 1976 CRC: ______ case ______ Death ______ Strain ______& Case Fatality
ii. 1976 Sudan: ______ case ______ Death ______ Strain______& Case Fatality
iii. 1995: DRC: ______ case ______ Death ______ Strain______& Case Fatality
iv. 2000: Uganda: ______ case ______ Death______ Strain______& Case Fatality
v. 2003: Congo: ______ case ______ Death______ Strain______& Case Fatality
vi. 2007 DRC: ______ case ______ Death______ Strain______& Case Fatality
vii. 2007 Uganda: ______ case ______ Death______ Strain______& Case Fatality
viii. 2012 DRC: ______ case ______ Death______ Strain______& Case Fatality
- Where do you find the Zaire ebolavirus?
a. West , central Africa
- Where do you find the sudan ebola virus?
a. South Sudan
b. Uganda
c. East parts of the DRC
- Where do you find tai forest ebola?
a. Coat de ivorie
- Where do you find the Bundibugyo virus
a. East DRC
- Where do you find the Bombali ebolavirus?
a. Kenya
b. Sirre Leonne
- Can Bombali ebolavirus spill over to humans? And from what animal?
a. Unknown
b. Bats
- Where do you find Ebola reston?
a. Phillipines
- What is the Reseviour for the tentitvely?
a. Bats