Aileen Hendra Flashcards
What is the rule of six?
The rule of six is a feature of some paramyxovirus genomes. These RNA viruses have genes made from RNA and not DNA, and their whole genome – that is the number of nucleotides – is always a multiple of six. This is because during their replication, these viruses are dependent on nucleoprotein molecules that each bind to six nucleotides.
What does pleomorphic mean?
The virions of certain viruses sometimes exhibit pleomorphism, in the sense that their appearances can vary. However, this is not true pleomorphism, as individual virions are not changing shape, but being succeeded by virions with different shapes.
What is RNA-editing?
molecular process through which some cells can make discrete changes to specific nucleotide sequences within an RNA molecule after it has been generated by RNA polymerase.
What type of zoonoses is HENDRA?
Rare-emerging
What is the name of the Hendra pathogen?
Hendra virus (HeV)
What is the taxonomy of the hendra virus?
Family: Paramyxoviridae
Genus: Henipavirus
Species: Hendra Virus (HeV)
What is the Morpholoogy pf the Hendra virus?
Shape: Pleomorphic (different shapes) Size: 40-600nm RNA: single standed RNA, non-segmented. Follows the ‘rule of six’ Proteins: Structural: F: fusion proteins: trimers, G: glycoproteins: tetramers, N: nucleocapsid, L: Polymerase, P: Phosphoprotein, M: Matric Protein. Non-structural: V and W proteins are unknown, but they may be involved in disrupting host antiviral mechanisms.
What is the life cycle of the HENDRA virus?
Bat (Flying Fox) –> Horse –> Human
What is the infection route of HEndra?
Host cells: Epithelial cells Entreance: Ephrin: B1, B2, B3 bind to the G-protein tetramers Fusion: fusion proteins (F) fuse with the cell and reslt in that cell fusing with other neighbouring cells resulting in a Multi nucleated syncytia. This fusion also results in the release of the viral content. (18 hours some damage and at 24 hours al lot of damage). RNA editing: generate multiple proteins from a single gene. The specific process in henipaviruses involves the insertion of extra guanosine residues into the P gene mRNA prior to translation. The number of residues added determines whether the P, V C, or W proteins are synthesised.
What is the history of hendra?
1994: Brisbane and NcCay first discovered 199: Cairns
2004: Cairns and Townsville 2006: peachester and Mirwillumtah 2007: Peachester 2008: [rpserine and Brisbaine 2009: Cawarral
2010-2011: Doggo got the Hendra
What is the Geographical location of Hendra?
Australia: Brisbane, MeCay, Cairns, Townville, Peachester and Cawarral
where in the environment do you find hendra?
Urine or Moucousal tissue
What times of the year is hendra most prevelant?
Migratory Patterns of the fruit bats (May-Aug peak June and July)
What occupation is most likely to get hendra?
Vets and people who work with horses
What is the main reseviour f Hendra?
BAts
