Aileen NIPAH Flashcards
What type of zoonoses is NIPAH?
Enzootic and Rare-emerging
What is the NIPAH viruses name?
Species: NIPAH (NiV)
What is the taxonomy of NIPAH?
Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Paramyxoviridae
Genus: Henipavirus
Species: NIPAH (NiV)
What is the morphology of NIPAH?
Shape: Pleomorphic (different shapes) Size: 40-600nm RNA: single standed RNA, non-segmented. Follows the ‘rule of six’, 18kb which is much longer then others in the same family. Proteins: Structural: F: fusion proteins: trimers, G: glycoproteins: tetramers, N: nucleocapsid, L: Polymerase, P: Phosphoprotein, M: Matric Protein. Non-structural: V and W proteins are unknown, but they may be involved in disrupting host antiviral mechanisms.
What is the life cycle of NIPAH?
Bat (Flying Fox) –> Pigs –> Human
What is the infection route of NIPAH?
Host cells: Epithelial cells Entreance: Ephrin: B1, B2, B3 bind to the G-protein tetramers Fusion: fusion proteins (F) fuse with the cell and reslt in that cell fusing with other neighbouring cells resulting in a Multi nucleated syncytia. This fusion also results in the release of the viral content. (18 hours some damage and at 24 hours al lot of damage). RNA editing: generate multiple proteins from a single gene. The specific process in henipaviruses involves the insertion of extra guanosine residues into the P gene mRNA prior to translation. The number of residues added determines whether the P, V C, or W proteins are synthesised.
What is the history of NIPAH?
1997: Farm worker hospitalised and dies in malasia 1998: pig farm outbreak in the peninsular malaysia with 265 cases and 108 deaths, thought to be Japanese enchephalitis. 1999: Virus isolated in Sungai, resulting in a mass culling of piggies.
2001: reported in Bangledesh 2007: reported in India
What are the geographical locations that you find NIPAH?
highest Risk: Mlalaysia, Singapore Bangladesh, and India.
Where in the environment do you find NIPAH?
Raw Date Palm, fruit, and Urine
What time of year do you get out breaks of NIPAH?
Bat Migration
What occupations and who is at most risk of getting NIPAH?
Pig Farmers, in locations with bats, Eating unpasteurised fruit juices
What gender are more likely to get NIPAH?
Men: due to proffessions
What is the Main reservoir of NIPAH?
Fruit bats (flying foxes)
Who are the carrier/amplyfying host of NIPAH?
Piggie
What are spill over animals that get NIPAH
Rats srews, dogs, cats and chickens