Aileen NIPAH Flashcards

1
Q

What type of zoonoses is NIPAH?

A

Enzootic and Rare-emerging

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2
Q

What is the NIPAH viruses name?

A

Species: NIPAH (NiV)

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3
Q

What is the taxonomy of NIPAH?

A

Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Paramyxoviridae
Genus: Henipavirus
Species: NIPAH (NiV)

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4
Q

What is the morphology of NIPAH?

A

Shape: Pleomorphic (different shapes) Size: 40-600nm RNA: single standed RNA, non-segmented. Follows the ‘rule of six’, 18kb which is much longer then others in the same family. Proteins: Structural: F: fusion proteins: trimers, G: glycoproteins: tetramers, N: nucleocapsid, L: Polymerase, P: Phosphoprotein, M: Matric Protein. Non-structural: V and W proteins are unknown, but they may be involved in disrupting host antiviral mechanisms.

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5
Q

What is the life cycle of NIPAH?

A

Bat (Flying Fox) –> Pigs –> Human

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6
Q

What is the infection route of NIPAH?

A

Host cells: Epithelial cells Entreance: Ephrin: B1, B2, B3 bind to the G-protein tetramers Fusion: fusion proteins (F) fuse with the cell and reslt in that cell fusing with other neighbouring cells resulting in a Multi nucleated syncytia. This fusion also results in the release of the viral content. (18 hours some damage and at 24 hours al lot of damage). RNA editing: generate multiple proteins from a single gene. The specific process in henipaviruses involves the insertion of extra guanosine residues into the P gene mRNA prior to translation. The number of residues added determines whether the P, V C, or W proteins are synthesised.

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7
Q

What is the history of NIPAH?

A

1997: Farm worker hospitalised and dies in malasia 1998: pig farm outbreak in the peninsular malaysia with 265 cases and 108 deaths, thought to be Japanese enchephalitis. 1999: Virus isolated in Sungai, resulting in a mass culling of piggies.
2001: reported in Bangledesh 2007: reported in India

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8
Q

What are the geographical locations that you find NIPAH?

A

highest Risk: Mlalaysia, Singapore Bangladesh, and India.

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9
Q

Where in the environment do you find NIPAH?

A

Raw Date Palm, fruit, and Urine

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10
Q

What time of year do you get out breaks of NIPAH?

A

Bat Migration

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11
Q

What occupations and who is at most risk of getting NIPAH?

A

Pig Farmers, in locations with bats, Eating unpasteurised fruit juices

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12
Q

What gender are more likely to get NIPAH?

A

Men: due to proffessions

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13
Q

What is the Main reservoir of NIPAH?

A

Fruit bats (flying foxes)

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14
Q

Who are the carrier/amplyfying host of NIPAH?

A

Piggie

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15
Q

What are spill over animals that get NIPAH

A

Rats srews, dogs, cats and chickens

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