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Zoonoses > Brucellosis > Flashcards

Brucellosis Flashcards

1
Q

How many cells is thought to cause infection

A

100

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2
Q

Which bricella are not pathogenic to humans?

A

B. ovis and B. neotomae

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3
Q

1) What bacterium causes brucellosis?

A

a) Brucella

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4
Q

2) Brucella is Gram _______?

A

a) Negative

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5
Q

3) What shape is a brucella?

A

a) Coccobacillus

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6
Q

4) Is brucella, aerobic or anaerobic?

A

a) Facultative anaerobe

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7
Q

5) Where does brucella multiply and what is the growth favoured by?

A

a) In the uterus

b) Mesoerythritol

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8
Q

6) What types of cells does brucella infect?

A

a) Phagocytic

b) Non-phagocytic

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9
Q

7) What environmental conditions can brucella survive?

A

a) Tolerate drying
b) All temperatures, pH. and humidity
c) Aborted materials such as dust and soil

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10
Q

8) What are the four stages required for a successful brucella infection?

A

a) Adherence
b) Invasion
c) Establishment
d) Dissemination within the host

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11
Q

9) What are the three components of the brucells ___________ (LPS)?

A

a) Lipo poly saccharide
b) O-antigen
c) Core oligosaccharide
d) Lipid A

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12
Q

10) Brucella surface can be _____ or ________?

A

a) Rough

b) Smooth

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13
Q

11) Smooth brucella is internalised in a _________ after interactions with host cell _______ rafts.

A

a) Vacuole

b) Lipid

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14
Q

12) What are PrPC & SR-A?

A

a) Lipid rafts

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15
Q

What is a BCV?

A

Brucella containing vacuole

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16
Q

Which can be lysozymed?
Rough
Smooth

A

Rough

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17
Q

How can you tell what stage brucella are matured to?

A

Antigens present

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18
Q

13) What is EEA-1 and SR-A?

A

a) Early Endosome Antigen 1

b) Scavenger receptor

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19
Q

14) Brucella derives β-1,2-glucans remodel _________?

A

a) Lipid rafts

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20
Q

15) What is LAMP-1 and Rab7?

A

a) Lysosomal-associated membrane protein
b) Rab7 is a small GTPase that belongs to the Rab family and controls transport to late endocytic compartments such as late endosomes and lysosomes.

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21
Q

16) What other names does brucellosis go by in humans?

A

a) Malta fever
b) Undulant fever
c) Mediterranean fever
d) Rock river fever of gilbralter
e) Gastric fever

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22
Q

17) What other names does brucellosis go by in animals?

A

a) Bangs disease
b) Enzootic abortion
c) Epizootic abortion
d) Slinking of claves
e) Ram epididymitis
f) Contagious abortion

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23
Q

18) Who discorvered bucella?

A

a) Sir David Bruce

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24
Q

19) In 1887 in Malta British soldiers got sick from _______ milk, and micrococcus ___________ was discoverred?

A

a) Goats

b) Melitensis

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25
Q

20) In 1897Bernhard Band, a doctor and vet discovered bacterium _______ which cause _________ abortion in goats, horse, and sheep

A

a) Abortus

b) Contagious

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26
Q

21) Who is at risk of catching brucellosis?

A

a) Occupation in close contact with livestock
b) Hunters
c) Travellers
d) Consume unpasteurised dairy products

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27
Q

22) Where is brucellosis localised in the body?

A

a) The reproductive organs

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28
Q

23) Clinical signs of brucellosis is _____ and ________.

A

a) Abortion

b) Sterility

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29
Q

24) What tissue is shed in high volumes when infected with brucellosis? (3)

A

a) Milk
b) urine
c) Reproductive tissue

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30
Q

25) What types of brucella bacterium are there (5)?

A

a) Brucella Abortus
b) Brucella melitensis
c) Brucella canis
d) Brucella suis
e) Brucella Ovis

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31
Q

26) Brucella abortus has a _______ distribution, with ______ being the reseviour.

A

a) Global

b) Cattle

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32
Q

27) Brucellua abortus results in an abortion in the _______ trimester, the placenta is maintained and the calf is either _____ or ______

A

a) Third
b) Weak
c) Dead

33
Q

28) When infected with brucellus abortus, omce abortion has taken place subsequent gestations are ___________

A

a) Normal

34
Q

29) Brucella abortus result in low _______ yield

A

a) Milk

35
Q

30) Brucella abortus is a notifiable disease (T/F)

A

a) True

36
Q

31) Brucella melitensis is found in __________, middle ________, Central ________, and parts of _______ and ______.

A

a) Mediterranean
b) East
c) Asia
d) Central America
e) Africa

37
Q

32) Brucella melitenis’ reseviours are _______ and ______

A

a) Camels

b) Goats

38
Q

33) In the mediternanian and Middle east there are _______ cases out of 100,000 people each year

A

a) 78

39
Q

34) In the Arabic peninsula there is a 20% ______ and 2% _________ .

A

a) Seroprevalence

b) Active cases

40
Q

35) Brucella melitensis results in ________ abortions, and the kids/lambs are born ________ or weakend

A

a) Later term
b) Weak
c) Dead

41
Q

36) Brucella melitesnsis results in _______ lesions in ________

A

a) Skeletal

b) Goats

42
Q

37) Brucella melitensis results in _______, _______, & _______ in Males

A

a) Fertility problems
b) Epididymitis
c) Orchitis

43
Q

38) What is Epididymitis?

A

a) Epididymitis is an inflammation of the small, coiled tube at the back of the testicle

44
Q

39) What is Orchitis?

A

a) an inflammation of one or both testicles. Bacterial or viral infections can cause orchitis, or the cause can be unknown. Orchitis is most often the result of a bacterial infection, such as a sexually transmitted infection (STI).

45
Q

40) Brucella Ovis results in _______ and fertitliy problems in ________

A

a) Abortion

b) Sheep

46
Q

41) Brucella ovis results in _____ and ____ in mlae sheeps

A

a) Epididymitis

b) Orchitis

47
Q

42) What forms of brucella are dogs susceptable to?

A

a) Brucella canis
b) Brucella abortus
c) Brucells melitensis
d) Brucella suis

48
Q

43) What is the distribution of brucella in dogs?

A

a) Worldwide

49
Q

44) Brucell canis results in a _____ abortion, with prolonged _______ discharge, _______ problems

A

a) 3rd trimester
b) Vaginal
c) Fertility problems

50
Q

45) Dogs which have brucella canis infections will have ______ problems, _______births, ______ and _________.

A

a) Fertility
b) Stillbirths
c) Epididymis
d) Prostatitis

51
Q

46) What is prostatitis?

A

a) Symptoms of acute prostatitis include: pain, which may be severe, in or around your penis, testicles, anus, lower abdomen or lower back – pooing can be painful

52
Q

47) The most common brucella infections in horse is _________ resulting in _______ or ______

A

a) Fistulous withers

b) Poll Evil

53
Q

48) What is a fistulous wither?

A

a) Infections along the saddle

54
Q

49) What is Poll Evil

A

a) Bursal sac fills with clear viscous liquid, which can eventually rupture

55
Q

50) Swines are infected with Brucella _______ and there are a total of five _____ that affect them

A

a) Suis

b) Bovars

56
Q

51) Bovars 1&3 affect _______ , Bovar one affects ______ in Brasil and Columbia, Bovar 2 affects ______ & ____ in Europe, Bovar 4 is found in the ________ region and bovar 5 is found in ____,

A

a) World wide swine
b) Cattle
c) Wild hares and boars
d) Artic
e) Former USSR

57
Q

52) Brucella suis results in _____ or ______ gestation abortion and _______ problems.

A

a) Early or late

b) Fertitlity

58
Q

53) Other issues besides fertility issues from brucella suis are.

A

a) Lamness
b) Posterior paralysis
c) Spondylitis
d) Metritis
e) Abcesses

59
Q

54) How is brucella transmitted in animals?

A

a) Venereal in goats
b) Ingestion of tissue or fluids
c) Contact with fluids
d) Inhalation of aerosols
e) Fomites

60
Q

55) How is brucella transmitted in humans?

A

a) Ingestion: unpasteurised dairy 7 Undercooked meat (rare)
b) Contact with mucous membrane or infected tissue: Aborted tissue
c) Aerosol: livestock, abattoirs & labs
d) Innoculation with vaccnine
e) Person to person (Rare)

61
Q

56) How does brucella manifest in humans?

A

a) Any organ or organ system
b) Cyclic fever
c) Flu like symptoms

62
Q

57) What is the incubation period of bucella in humans?

A

a) 5 days to three months

63
Q

58) What complications does brucella cause to humans?

A

a) Arthritis
b) Spondylitis
c) Epididyo-orchitis
d) Chronic fatigue
e) Neurological: 5% of all cases
f) cardiovascular

64
Q

59) What are the symptoms of human congenital brucellosis?

A

a) Premature delivery
b) Low birth weight
c) Fever
d) Failure to thrive
e) Jaundice
f) Hepatomegaly
g) Splenomegaly
h) Possible abortion risk

65
Q

60) How is brucella diagnosed in animals?

A

a) Isolation of pathogen from body tissue
b) Serology: ELISA and card test
c) Brucells milk ring test
d) IFA: placenta aborted fetus

66
Q

61) How is brucella diagnoseds in humans?

A

a) Isolated from blood of bone marrow
b) PCR
c) Immunoflurescence: clinical samples
d) Serum agglutination test: sample 2 weeks apart, x4 in titre

67
Q

62) Brucella infection in humans if treated only ______ result in death from _____ or ______

A

a) 2%
b) Meningitis
c) Endocarditis

68
Q

63) What percentage of humans who are infected with brucella have a replapse and what causes this relapse?

A

a) 5%
b) Don’t finish antibiotics
c) Infections require surgery

69
Q

64) Treatment of brucella in animals

A

a) Combination antibiotic therapy

b) Surgeical drain

70
Q

65) How long does brucella infections last in animals?

A

a) Days, months or years

71
Q

66) _______ of bison in Yellowstone national park are seropositive

A

a) 50%

72
Q

67) Elk show __________, with clinical signs of _______, no retained ______ and infertility.

A

a) Seropositive
b) Abortion
c) Placenta

73
Q

68) Moose with brucella infection results in ______ and ________

A

a) Debilitation

b) Death

74
Q

69) What do predetors of animals of brucella onfected animals act as?

A

a) Vectors

75
Q

70) What are the control and prevention methods?

A

a) Educate those with livestock
b) Were proper PPE
c) Don’t consume raw meat or unpasteurised dairy
d) Separate females at birth
e) Immunise in areas of high prevalence
f) Eradicate reseviours

76
Q

71) UK/NI eradication Programe involves?

A

a) Surveillance: ring test in pooled milk

b) Cattle testing: removal of infected individuals

77
Q

72) How can Brucella be used in bioterrorism?

A

a) Aerosolised brucella melitenisis

78
Q

73) City population of 100,000, inhales 1,000 cells results in?

A

a) 0.5% fatality rate: 413 deaths
b) 50% hospitilised for 7 days
c) Outpatients require 14 visits: 82,500
d) 5% relapse
e) 477.7 million cost

79
Q

Are GI symptos more common in adults or children?

A

Adults

Zoonoses (23 decks)

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