Aileen Rabies Flashcards
What is Paresthesia ?
a burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet, but can also occur in other parts of the body. The sensation, which happens without warning, is usually painless and described as tingling or numbness, skin crawling, or itching.
What type of zoonoses is rabies?
Endemic
What is the species name of rabies?
Species: Lyssavirus
What is the taxonomy of rabies?
Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Rhabdoviridae
Species: Lyssavirus
What are the serotypes or clades of rabies?
Serovar: 7 of lyssavirus: serotype 2-7 are rare
What is the morphology of rabies?
Shape: Bullet Size: 75 x 300 nm long RNA: 12kb long ssRNA negative sense Proteins: codes for five proteins: nucleoprotein N, phosphoprotein P, matrix protein M, glycoprotein G. and polymerase L Lipid bilayer: contains the G protein trimers Ribonucleocapsid: RNA, Nucleoproteins, Polymerase and its co-factor Phosphoprotein. Helical Matrix protein: is between the lipid bilayer and the ribonucleocapsid, and gives the virus its distinct shape.
What is the survival of rabies?
24 hours at 20ᵒC
What is the lethal dose of rabies?
100% fatal once onset of symtpoms (paresthesia) occurs
What is the lifecycle of rabies?
Infected animal –> bite or lick open wound of animal
What is the infection route of rabies?
Saliva: in the salava of an animal Bite/Lick: the animal either bites or licks an open wound of another Muscle Tissue: The virus enters the peripheral nerves at the synapse level at the site of the bite. Attachemnt: The virus attaches to the nAchR receptor and NCAM (adhesion molecule) Empty: The viral contents are then emptied Replication: Once in the cell through centripital retrograde axonal transport the virus moves to the cell body and replicates int he cytosol CNS: the virus continues to move through the CNS until it reaches the brain
What is the History of Rabies?
2300 BCE: Babylon dog owners fined for rabid doggos
1500-1100BCE: Homer likens Hector to a raging doggo in the iliad
1271: 1st large outbreak of rabies in Germany
1703: 1st case in the Americs, by a priest in Mexico
1885: Louis Pasteur identified rabies as the causitive agent of rabies.
2002: Man in the UK dies fo rabies (first in 100 years) 2009: Women rabies from dog fight in South Africa 3 years previous
2013: kittens from morrocco in UK 2014: Greece outbreak 45 animals mainly foxes; Holland pupies from bulgaria
`What are the two cycle of Rabies?
Urban cycle: Dog main reseviour Sylvatic cycle: wild animal resevipour
What is the geographical locations of Rabies?
Globally: not antartica UK: nonterestrial rabies: in bats
What occupatin are more likely to get Rabies?
Near wild animals, dogs, and outdoors
What age group is most likely to get rabies?
Children
What are the numbers associates with rabies and people n different countries?
Thailand: 90% decrease Phllipines: 340-450 cases per year USA: 1-8 deaths per year India: highest rate of rabies in the world Pakistan: mass culling that doesn’t work Australia: Bats only
How many dogs are there in the world? and how many of them are in the UK?
Dogs: 1 billion dogs worldwide UK: 10.1 million
What is the main reseviour of rabies?
Dogs
What other animals spread the rabies
Canidae: Dogs Cows
Bats: blood/insect/fruit Others: skunks, racoons, mongoose
N/A
Cats: cats, bob cats, and cougars; no feline adaption
What is the percentage of rabies spread by the doggos?
90%
Where is the geographical locations of the West Nile?
Middle east, Africa, SW asia, and North America
What environment would you catch west nile
bloods
Who is as most risk (proffession/activity)of getting the west niles?
Outdoors and forests, near stagnent wate r
What age group are at a highest risk of catching west nile?
60-89 years old
What is the main reseviour of west nile?
Birds (corvids)
What animals ar ethe carriers of west nile?
horses humans and many other mammals
What is the vector for west nile?
mosquitto (colex)
What percentage did west nile reduce the black crow population by in America?
45%
