Year 2: pharmacology: of the musculoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology of the musculoskeletal system

the basic area of pharmacology that deals with drug administration, absorption, distribution, tissue binding, metabolism, and excretion.
AKA “what body does to the drug.”

A

Pharmacokinetics

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2
Q

Pharmacology of the musculoskeletal system

analysis of what the drug does to the body, including the mechanism by which the drug exerts its effect

A

Pharmacodynamics

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3
Q

Pharmacology of the musculoskeletal system

These agents provide analgesia for acute severe pain management. The medication stimulates mu, kappa, delta, and sigma receptors within the CNS to prevent pain impulses from reaching their destination. Certain drugs are also used to assist with dependency and withdrawal symptoms.

A

Opioid Agents (narcotics)

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4
Q

Pharmacology of the musculoskeletal system

Roxanol (morphine), Demerol (meperidine), OxyContin (oxycodone), Sublimaze (fentanyl), Paveral (codeine)

A

Opioid Agents (narcotics)

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5
Q

Pharmacology of the musculoskeletal system

Used for treatment of opioid overdose and addiction

A

Opioid Antagonists

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6
Q

Pharmacology of the musculoskeletal system

Opioids — side effects:

A
  • Common: Constipation, nausea and vomiting, sedation, pruritus
  • Delirium less frequent
  • Risk of respiratory depression
  • Risk of abuse and diversion are important considerations
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7
Q

Pharmacology of the musculoskeletal system

the most common side effect of opioids agents

A

Constipation

due to opioids’ slowing peristalsis

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8
Q

Pharmacology of the musculoskeletal system

Opioids implications for PT:

A

A therapist must monitor the patient for potential side effects, especially signs of respiratory depression. Treatment that is otherwise painful should be scheduled approximately two hours after administration to maximize the analgesic benefit. A patient may not accurately report if a particular technique is painful.

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9
Q

Pharmacology of the musculoskeletal system

name a few classical 1st generation NSAIDs

A

Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Voltaren

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10
Q

Pharmacology of the musculoskeletal system

these agents provide analgesia and pain relief, produce anti-inflammatory effects, and initiate antipyretic (reduces fever) properties. These drugs promote a reduction of prostaglandin formation that decreases the inflammatory process, decreases uterine contractions, lowers fever, and minimizes impulse formation of pain fibers.

A

Nonopioid Agents

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11
Q

Pharmacology of the musculoskeletal system

Aspirin is for treatment of

A

Treatment of pain, inflammation, fever, vascular disorders

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12
Q

Pharmacology of the musculoskeletal system

Aspirin side effects:

A

GI problems, hepatotoxicity

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13
Q

Pharmacology of the musculoskeletal system

is acetaminophen (Tylenol) an anti-inflammatory agent?

A

no, most common analgesic/antipyretic

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14
Q

Pharmacology of the musculoskeletal system

Non-opioids agents implications for PT

A
  • Patients are at increased risk for masked pain that would allow for movement beyond limitation or false understanding of their level of mobility.
  • Complaints of stomach pain should be taken seriously with a subsequent referral to a physician.
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15
Q

Pharmacology of the musculoskeletal system

agents used to promote relaxation in muscles that typically present with spasm that is a continuous, tonic contraction. Spasms typically occur secondary to a musculoskeletal or peripheral nerve injury rather than CNS injury

A

Muscle Relaxant Agents

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16
Q

Pharmacology of the musculoskeletal system

Muscle Relaxant Agent side effects

A

(agent dependent) sedation, drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, headache, tolerance, dependence

17
Q

Pharmacology of the musculoskeletal system

Muscle relaxant agents implications for PT:

A
  • Therapists must be aware of potential side effects, however, maximize the potential for relaxation through therapeutic techniques and the use of modalities during treatment.
  • Prevention of re-injury through stretching, posture retraining, and education should assist the patient to achieve desired outcomes.
18
Q

Pharmacology of the musculoskeletal system

Examples: Valium (diazepam), Flexeril (cyclobenzaprine), Paraflex (chlorzoxazone), Botulinum Toxin (Botox)

A

Muscle Relaxant Agents

19
Q

Pharmacology of the musculoskeletal system

Used to treat conditions such as spasmodic torticollis, patients with spasticity, cerebral palsy, neuromuscular scoliosis, and other types of local dystonias. Injected directly into the muscles responsible for dystonia

A

Botulinum Toxin (Botox)
Prevents the release of Acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction (chemical denervation)

20
Q

Pharmacology of the musculoskeletal system

This muscle relaxant agent prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction (chemical denervation)

A

Botox (Botulinum Toxin)